▪ Abstract Spines are neuronal protrusions, each of which receives input typically from one
excitatory synapse. They contain neurotransmitter receptors, organelles, and signaling …

Much evidence indicates that, after learning, memories are created by alterations in
glutamate-dependent excitatory synaptic transmission. These modifications are then actively …

Do new synapses form in the adult cortex to support experience-dependent plasticity? To
address this question, we repeatedly imaged individual pyramidal neurons in the mouse …

The hippocampus is one of a group of remarkable structures embedded within the brain's
medial temporal lobe. Long known to be important for memory, it has been a prime focus of …

Three-dimensional (3D) structural information on many length scales is of central
importance in biological research. Excellent methods exist to obtain structures of molecules …

Since Cajal's first drawings of Golgi stained neurons, generations of researchers have been
fascinated by the small protrusions, termed spines, studding many neuronal dendrites. Most …

Eph receptors constitute the largest family of tyrosine kinase receptors and, together with
their plasma-membrane-bound ephrin ligands, have many important functions during …

Dendritic spines are tiny protrusions that receive excitatory synaptic input and
compartmentalize postsynaptic responses. Heterogeneous in size and shape, and …

Activity-induced modification of neuronal connections is essential for the development of the
nervous system and may also underlie learning and memory functions of mature brain …

Dendritic spines are the primary recipients of excitatory input in the central nervous system.
They provide biochemical compartments that locally control the signaling mechanisms at …