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redd up Scots an citations, but mair tae dae, eik in cetagories
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The '''Russo-Ukrainian War'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9KMDwAAQBAJ&q=timothy+snyder+road+to+unfreedom|title=The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America|last=Snyder|first=Timothy|publisher=Tim Duggan Books|year=2018|isbn=9780525574477|location=New York|page=197|quote=Almost everyone lost the Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia, Ukraine, the EU, the United States. The only winner was China.}}; {{Cite journal|last=Mulford|first=Joshua P.|date=2016|title=Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War|journal=Connections|volume=15|issue=2|pages=89–107|issn=1812-1098|jstor=26326442|doi=10.11610/Connections.15.2.07|doi-access=free}}; {{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhspDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Russo-Ukrainian+war%22&pg=PA134|title=Multicultural Societies and their Threats: Real, Hybrid and Media Wars in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe|last1=Shevko|first1=Demian|last2=Khrul|first2=Kristina|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|year=2017|isbn=9783643908254|editor-last=Gutsul|editor-first=Nazarii|location=Zürich|page=100|chapter=Why the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine Is a Hybrid Aggression Against the West and Nothing Else|editor-last2=Khrul|editor-first2=Kristina}}</ref> ({{lang-uk|російсько-українська війна|rosiisko-ukrainska viina}}) (Ukrainian: російсько-українська війна, romanized: rosiisko-ukrainska viina) is an ongoin an protractit conflict thon stertit i Februar 2014, primarily involvin russia an pro-Roushian forces on the ane hand, an Ukraine on the ither. The war has centerit on the status o Crimea an parts o the donbas, which are largely internationally recognizit as part o Ukraine.
The '''Russo-Ukrainian War'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9KMDwAAQBAJ&q=timothy+snyder+road+to+unfreedom|title=The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America|last=Snyder|first=Timothy|publisher=Tim Duggan Books|year=2018|isbn=9780525574477|location=New York|page=197|quote=Almost everyone lost the Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia, Ukraine, the EU, the United States. The only winner was China.}}; {{Cite journal|last=Mulford|first=Joshua P.|date=2016|title=Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War|journal=Connections|volume=15|issue=2|pages=89–107|issn=1812-1098|jstor=26326442|doi=10.11610/Connections.15.2.07|doi-access=free}}; {{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhspDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Russo-Ukrainian+war%22&pg=PA134|title=Multicultural Societies and their Threats: Real, Hybrid and Media Wars in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe|last1=Shevko|first1=Demian|last2=Khrul|first2=Kristina|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|year=2017|isbn=9783643908254|editor-last=Gutsul|editor-first=Nazarii|location=Zürich|page=100|chapter=Why the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine Is a Hybrid Aggression Against the West and Nothing Else|editor-last2=Khrul|editor-first2=Kristina}}</ref> ({{lang-uk|російсько-українська війна|rosiisko-ukrainska viina}}) (Ukrainian: російсько-українська війна, romanized: rosiisko-ukrainska viina) is an ongoin an protractit conflict thon stertit i Februar 2014, primarily involvin russia an pro-Roushian forces on the ane hand, an Ukraine on the ither. The war has centerit on the status o Crimea an parts o the Donbas, whilk is lairgely internationally recognizit as pairt o the Ukraine.


Follaein the Euromaidan protests an the subsequent removal o ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych on Februar 22t, an amidst pro-Roushian unrest i Ukraine, Roushian sodgers without insignias taen control o strategic positions an infrastructure within the Ukrainian territory o Crimea. On Mairch 1t, 2014, the federation council o the Roushian Federation unanimously adoptit a resolution tae petition Roushian heid ane Vladimir Putin tae uise militar force i the Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Совет Федерации дал согласие на использование Вооруженных Сил России на территории Украины|url=http://council.gov.ru/events/news/39851/|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Совет Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации|language=ru}}</ref> the resolution wis adoptit several days later, after the start o the russian military operation on the "returnin o crimea". Russia then annexit crimea after a widely criticizit local referendum which wis organizit bi russia after the capturin o the crimean parliament whose outcome wis for the autonomous republic o crimea tae join the Roushian Federation.<ref name="uk.reuters.com">{{Citation|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/russia-putin-crimea-idUKL6N0N921H20140417|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419015007/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/04/17/russia-putin-crimea-idUKL6N0N921H20140417|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2014|title=Putin admits Russian forces were deployed to Crimea|newspaper=[[Reuters]]|date=17 April 2014|quote='We had to take unavoidable steps so that events did not develop as they are currently developing in southeast Ukraine. ... Of course our troops stood behind Crimea's self-defence forces.'}}</ref><ref name="Wpostx01">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2014/03/16/ccec2132-acd4-11e3-a06a-e3230a43d6cb_story.html |title=Crimeans vote in referendum on whether to break away from Ukraine, join Russia |first1=Carol |last1=Morello |first2=Pamela |last2=Constable |first3=Anthony |last3=Faiola |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=17 March 2014 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="Maskarovka">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b050674y|title=BBC Radio 4 – Analysis, Maskirovka: Deception Russian-Style|work=BBC|access-date= 11 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/putin-changes-course-admits-russian-troops-were-in-crimea-before-vote/2014/04/17/b3300a54-c617-11e3-bf7a-be01a9b69cf1_story.html|title=Putin's remarks raise fears of future moves against Ukraine&nbsp;— The Washington Post|work=washingtonpost.com|access-date=14 September 2014|first=Kathy|last=Lally|date=17 April 2014}}</ref> I April, demonstrations bi pro-Roushian groups i the Donbas area o the Ukraine escalatit intae a war atween the Ukrainian government an the Roushian -backit separatist forces o the sel-declarit donetsk an luhansk people's republics. I August, Roushian military vehicles crossit the border i several locations o Donetsk oblast.<ref name="tg01xaa" /><ref name="Time0x01">{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/3142580/ukrain-russia-luhansk-donetsk-rebels-reinforcements/|agency=TIME|author=Per Liljas|title=Rebels in Besieged Ukrainian City Reportedly Being Reinforced|date=19 August 2014|access-date=28 August 2014|magazine=Time}}</ref><ref name="how the war transformed">{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/how-the-war-zone-transformed-between-june-16-and-sept-19-infographic-365795.html|title=How the war zone transformed between June 16 and Sept. 19|work=KyivPost|date=25 September 2014|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="tanks white circles">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-tanks-exclusive-idUSKCN0IC1GE20141023|title=Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement|work=Reuters | date=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Debaltseve pocket in Donbas was created mainly by Russian troops – Yashin|url=https://www.unian.info/war/1065276-debaltseve-pocket-in-donbas-was-created-by-russian-troops-yashin.html|access-date=3 February 2022|website=www.unian.info|language=en}}</ref> the incursion bi the Roushian military wis seen as responsible fur the defeat o Ukrainian forces i early September.<ref name="ch40x02">{{Cite web|date=2 September 2014|title=Evidence of Russian presence in Ukraine|url=https://www.channel4.com/news/tensions-still-high-in-ukraine-video|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Channel 4 News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/17/ukraine-ceasefire-frontline-counting-cost-war-uneasy-calm|title=Ukraine ceasefire leaves frontline counting cost of war in uneasy calm|author=Luke Harding|work=The Guardian|date=17 December 2014|access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>
Follaein the Euromaidan protests an the subsequent removal o ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych on Februar 22t, an amidst pro-Roushian unrest i Ukraine, Roushian sodgers without insignias taen control o strategic positions an infrastructure within the Ukrainian territory o Crimea. On Mairch 1t, 2014, the federation council o the Roushian Federation unanimously adoptit a resolution tae petition Roushian heid ane Vladimir Putin tae uise militar force i the Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Совет Федерации дал согласие на использование Вооруженных Сил России на территории Украины|url=http://council.gov.ru/events/news/39851/|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Совет Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации|language=ru}}</ref> the resolution wis adoptit several days later, after the start o the russian military operation on the "returnin o crimea". Russia then annexit crimea after a widely criticizit local referendum which wis organizit bi russia after the capturin o the crimean parliament whose outcome wis for the autonomous republic o crimea tae join the Roushian Federation.<ref name="uk.reuters.com">{{Citation|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/russia-putin-crimea-idUKL6N0N921H20140417|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419015007/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/04/17/russia-putin-crimea-idUKL6N0N921H20140417|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2014|title=Putin admits Russian forces were deployed to Crimea|newspaper=[[Reuters]]|date=17 April 2014|quote='We had to take unavoidable steps so that events did not develop as they are currently developing in southeast Ukraine. ... Of course our troops stood behind Crimea's self-defence forces.'}}</ref><ref name="Wpostx01">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2014/03/16/ccec2132-acd4-11e3-a06a-e3230a43d6cb_story.html |title=Crimeans vote in referendum on whether to break away from Ukraine, join Russia |first1=Carol |last1=Morello |first2=Pamela |last2=Constable |first3=Anthony |last3=Faiola |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=17 March 2014 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="Maskarovka">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b050674y|title=BBC Radio 4 – Analysis, Maskirovka: Deception Russian-Style|work=BBC|access-date= 11 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/putin-changes-course-admits-russian-troops-were-in-crimea-before-vote/2014/04/17/b3300a54-c617-11e3-bf7a-be01a9b69cf1_story.html|title=Putin's remarks raise fears of future moves against Ukraine&nbsp;— The Washington Post|work=washingtonpost.com|access-date=14 September 2014|first=Kathy|last=Lally|date=17 April 2014}}</ref> I April, demonstrations bi pro-Roushian groups i the Donbas area o the Ukraine escalatit intae a war atween the Ukrainian government an the Roushian -backit separatist forces o the sel-declarit donetsk an luhansk people's republics. I August, Roushian military vehicles crossit the border i several locations o Donetsk oblast.<ref name="tg01xaa" /><ref name="Time0x01">{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/3142580/ukrain-russia-luhansk-donetsk-rebels-reinforcements/|agency=TIME|author=Per Liljas|title=Rebels in Besieged Ukrainian City Reportedly Being Reinforced|date=19 August 2014|access-date=28 August 2014|magazine=Time}}</ref><ref name="how the war transformed">{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/how-the-war-zone-transformed-between-june-16-and-sept-19-infographic-365795.html|title=How the war zone transformed between June 16 and Sept. 19|work=KyivPost|date=25 September 2014|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="tanks white circles">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-tanks-exclusive-idUSKCN0IC1GE20141023|title=Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement|work=Reuters | date=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Debaltseve pocket in Donbas was created mainly by Russian troops – Yashin|url=https://www.unian.info/war/1065276-debaltseve-pocket-in-donbas-was-created-by-russian-troops-yashin.html|access-date=3 February 2022|website=www.unian.info|language=en}}</ref> the incursion bi the Roushian military wis seen as responsible fur the defeat o Ukrainian forces i early September.<ref name="ch40x02">{{Cite web|date=2 September 2014|title=Evidence of Russian presence in Ukraine|url=https://www.channel4.com/news/tensions-still-high-in-ukraine-video|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Channel 4 News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/17/ukraine-ceasefire-frontline-counting-cost-war-uneasy-calm|title=Ukraine ceasefire leaves frontline counting cost of war in uneasy calm|author=Luke Harding|work=The Guardian|date=17 December 2014|access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>


I November 2014, the Ukrainian military reportit intensive movement o troops an equipments frae Roushie intae the separatist-controllit parts o the eastern Ukraine.[72] the associatit press reportit 40 unmarkit military vehicles on the move i rebel-controllit areas.[73] the organization fur security an co-operation i europe (osce) special monitorin mission observit convoys o heavy weapons an tanks i dpr-controllit territory without insignia.[74] OSCE monitors furer statit they observit vehicles transportin ammunition an sodgers' deid bodies crossin the Roushian-Ukrainian border unner the guise o humanitarian aid convoys.[75] as o early august 2015, osce observit ower 21 siclike vehicles merkit wi the Roushian military code fur sodgers killit i action.[76] accordin tae the moscow times, Roushie haes tried tae intimidate an silence human richts wirkers discussin Roushian sodgers' deaths i the conflict.[77] OSCE haes time an again reportit that its observers wis deniit access tae the areas controllit bi "combinit russian-separatist forces".[78]
I November 2014, the Ukrainian military reportit intensive movement o troops an equipments frae Roushie intae the separatist-controllit parts o the eastern Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kiev-claims-intensive-movements-troops-crossing-russia-123248755.html|title=Kiev claims 'intensive' movements of troops crossing from Russia|date=2 November 2014|work=AFP|access-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114002830/https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kiev-claims-intensive-movements-troops-crossing-russia-123248755.html|archive-date=14 November 2014}}</ref> The Associated Press reported 40 unmarked military vehicles on the move in rebel-controlled areas.<ref name="various reuters">{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSKBN0IT0AF20141109| title=worst east Ukraine shelling for month | date=9 November 2014 | work=Reuters | access-date=10 November 2014 | author=various reuters}}</ref> The Associated Press reportit 40 wanmerkit military vehicles on the move i rebel-controlt areas.<ref name="various reuters">{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSKBN0IT0AF20141109| title=worst east Ukraine shelling for month | date=9 November 2014 | work=Reuters | access-date=10 November 2014 | author=various reuters}}</ref> The Organisation fur security an co-operation i Europe (OSCE) special monitorin mission observit convoys o heivy weapons an tanks i dpr-controllit territory without insignia.<ref name="osce.org">{{cite web | url=http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/126483 | title=Spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), 8 November 2014 | publisher=osce.org | date=8 November 2014 | access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> OSCE monitors furer statit they observit vehicles transportin ammunition an sodgers' deid bodies crossin the Roushian-Ukrainian border unner the guise o humanitarian aid convoys.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30039004|title= Ukraine crisis: Russian 'Cargo 200' crossed border&nbsp;— OSCE | publisher = BBC | date=13 November 2014 | access-date = 13 November 2014}}</ref> As o early august 2015, osce observit ower 21 siclike vehicles merkit wi the Roushian military code fur sodgers killt i action.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 August 2015|title=OSCE monitors saw 21 coffins with dead soldiers cross Russian-Ukrainian border since August 2014 – Aug. 06, 2015|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/osce-monitors-saw-21-coffins-with-dead-soldiers-cross-russian-ukrainian-border-since-august-2014-395206.html|access-date=17 November 2020|website=[[KyivPost]]}}</ref> Accordin tae the Moscow Times, Roushie haes tried tae intimidate an silence human richts wirkers discussin Roushian sodgers' deaths i the conflict.<ref name="Moscow Times">{{cite news|date=12 September 2014|title=Moscow Stifles Dissent as Soldiers Return From Ukraine in Coffins|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/09/12/moscow-stifles-dissent-as-soldiers-return-from-ukraine-in-coffins-a39354|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> OSCE haes time an again reportit that its observers wis deniit access tae the areas controllit bi "combinit Roushian-separatist forces".<ref>{{cite web|title=Response to Special Representative in Ukraine Ambassador Martin Sajdik and OSCE Special Monitoring Mission Chief Monitor Ertugrul Apakan|url=http://osce.usmission.gov/nov_4_15_ukraine_sajdik_apakan.html|website=U.S. Mission to the OSCE|date=4 November 2015|access-date=6 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145845/http://osce.usmission.gov/nov_4_15_ukraine_sajdik_apakan.html|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref>


The feck o the memmers o the international community<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/infographics/countries-react-to-russian-intervention-in-crimea.html|title=The world reacts to Russia's military intervention in Crimea|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/11/15/un-committee-passes-resolution-on-crimea-condemning-russian-occupation.html|title=UN committee passes resolution on Crimea, condemning Russian occupation {{!}} Toronto Star|website=thestar.com|date=15 November 2016|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscepa.org/news-a-media/press-releases/2273-osce-parliamentary-assembly-adopts-resolution-condemning-russia-s-actions-in-ukraine|title=OSCE Parliamentary Assembly adopts resolution condemning Russia's continuing actions in Ukraine|website=www.oscepa.org|access-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313194936/http://www.oscepa.org/news-a-media/press-releases/2273-osce-parliamentary-assembly-adopts-resolution-condemning-russia-s-actions-in-ukraine|archive-date=13 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and organisations like [[Amnesty International]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/09/ukraine-mounting-evidence-war-crimes-and-russian-involvement/|title=Ukraine: Mounting evidence of war crimes and Russian involvement|website=www.amnesty.org|date=7 September 2014|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref> haes condemnit Roushie fur its actions i post-revolutionary Ukraine, accusin it o breakin international law an violatin Ukrainian sovereignty. Mony countries implementit economic sanctions again Roushie, Roushian individuals or companies.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Overland|first1=Indra|last2=Fjaertoft|first2=Daniel|date=2015|title= Financial Sanctions Impact Russian Oil, Equipment Export Ban's Effects Limited|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281776234|journal=Oil and Gas Journal|volume=113|issue=8|pages=66–72}}</ref>
The feck o memmers o the international community[79][80][81] an organisations like amnesty international[82] haes condemnit Roushie fur its actions i post-revolutionary ukraine, accusin it o breakin international law an violatin Ukrainian sovereignty. Mony countries implementit economic sanctions again Roushie, Roushian individuals or companies.[83]


I October 2015, the Washington Post reportit that Roushie haes redeployit some o its elite units frae ukraine tae Syria fur tae uphaud Syrian heid ane Bashar Al-assad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/10/24/russia-said-to-redeploy-special-ops-forces-from-ukraine-to-syria/ |title=Russia said to redeploy special-ops forces from Ukraine to Syria |publisher=[[Fox News Channel]] |date=24 October 2015 |access-date=24 October 2015 |quote="The special forces were pulled out of Ukraine and sent to Syria," a Russian Ministry of Defense official said, adding that they had been serving in territories in eastern Ukraine held by pro-Russia rebels. The official described them as "akin to a Delta Force," the U.S. Army's elite counterterrorism unit. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024085128/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/10/24/russia-said-to-redeploy-special-ops-forces-from-ukraine-to-syria/ |archive-date=24 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> I Desember 2015, Roushian Federation heid ane Vladimir Putin admittit that russian military intelligence officers wis operatin i ukraine, insistin thouch thon they wernae the same as regular troops.<ref name="GN151217">{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Shaun|date=17 December 2015|title=Putin admits Russian military presence in Ukraine for first time|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=Moscow|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/vladimir-putin-admits-russian-military-presence-ukraine}}</ref> As o february 2019, 7% o Ukraine's territory is classified bi the Ukrainian government as temporarily occupied territories.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/ga12122.doc.htm| title=Speakers Urge Peaceful Settlement to Conflict in Ukraine, Underline Support for Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity of Crimea, Donbas Region |date=20 February 2019| access-date= 16 May 2019 | publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
I October 2015, the washington post reportit that Roushie haes redeployit some o its elite units from ukraine tae syria tae support syrian president bashar al-assad.[84] i Desember 2015, Roushian federation president vladimir putin admittit thon russian military intelligence officers were operatin i ukraine, insistin thouch thon they were no the same as regular troops.[85] as o february 2019, 7% o ukraine's territory is classifiit bi the ukrainian government as temporarily occupiit territories.[86]




Reveision as o 15:10, 19 Februar 2022

The Russo-Ukrainian War[1] (Ukrainian: російсько-українська війна, romanised: rosiisko-ukrainska viina) (Ukrainian: російсько-українська війна, romanized: rosiisko-ukrainska viina) is an ongoin an protractit conflict thon stertit i Februar 2014, primarily involvin russia an pro-Roushian forces on the ane hand, an Ukraine on the ither. The war has centerit on the status o Crimea an parts o the Donbas, whilk is lairgely internationally recognizit as pairt o the Ukraine.

Follaein the Euromaidan protests an the subsequent removal o ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych on Februar 22t, an amidst pro-Roushian unrest i Ukraine, Roushian sodgers without insignias taen control o strategic positions an infrastructure within the Ukrainian territory o Crimea. On Mairch 1t, 2014, the federation council o the Roushian Federation unanimously adoptit a resolution tae petition Roushian heid ane Vladimir Putin tae uise militar force i the Ukraine.[2] the resolution wis adoptit several days later, after the start o the russian military operation on the "returnin o crimea". Russia then annexit crimea after a widely criticizit local referendum which wis organizit bi russia after the capturin o the crimean parliament whose outcome wis for the autonomous republic o crimea tae join the Roushian Federation.[3][4][5][6] I April, demonstrations bi pro-Roushian groups i the Donbas area o the Ukraine escalatit intae a war atween the Ukrainian government an the Roushian -backit separatist forces o the sel-declarit donetsk an luhansk people's republics. I August, Roushian military vehicles crossit the border i several locations o Donetsk oblast.[7][8][9][10][11] the incursion bi the Roushian military wis seen as responsible fur the defeat o Ukrainian forces i early September.[12][13]

I November 2014, the Ukrainian military reportit intensive movement o troops an equipments frae Roushie intae the separatist-controllit parts o the eastern Ukraine.[14] The Associated Press reported 40 unmarked military vehicles on the move in rebel-controlled areas.[15] The Associated Press reportit 40 wanmerkit military vehicles on the move i rebel-controlt areas.[15] The Organisation fur security an co-operation i Europe (OSCE) special monitorin mission observit convoys o heivy weapons an tanks i dpr-controllit territory without insignia.[16] OSCE monitors furer statit they observit vehicles transportin ammunition an sodgers' deid bodies crossin the Roushian-Ukrainian border unner the guise o humanitarian aid convoys.[17] As o early august 2015, osce observit ower 21 siclike vehicles merkit wi the Roushian military code fur sodgers killt i action.[18] Accordin tae the Moscow Times, Roushie haes tried tae intimidate an silence human richts wirkers discussin Roushian sodgers' deaths i the conflict.[19] OSCE haes time an again reportit that its observers wis deniit access tae the areas controllit bi "combinit Roushian-separatist forces".[20]

The feck o the memmers o the international community[21][22][23] and organisations like Amnesty International[24] haes condemnit Roushie fur its actions i post-revolutionary Ukraine, accusin it o breakin international law an violatin Ukrainian sovereignty. Mony countries implementit economic sanctions again Roushie, Roushian individuals or companies.[25]

I October 2015, the Washington Post reportit that Roushie haes redeployit some o its elite units frae ukraine tae Syria fur tae uphaud Syrian heid ane Bashar Al-assad.[26] I Desember 2015, Roushian Federation heid ane Vladimir Putin admittit that russian military intelligence officers wis operatin i ukraine, insistin thouch thon they wernae the same as regular troops.[27] As o february 2019, 7% o Ukraine's territory is classified bi the Ukrainian government as temporarily occupied territories.[28]


Notes

References

  1. ↑ Snyder, Timothy (2018). The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America. New York: Tim Duggan Books. p. 197. ISBN 9780525574477. Almost everyone lost the Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia, Ukraine, the EU, the United States. The only winner was China.; Mulford, Joshua P. (2016). "Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War". Connections. 15 (2): 89–107. doi:10.11610/Connections.15.2.07. ISSN 1812-1098. JSTOR 26326442.; Shevko, Demian; Khrul, Kristina (2017). "Why the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine Is a Hybrid Aggression Against the West and Nothing Else". In Gutsul, Nazarii; Khrul, Kristina (eds.). Multicultural Societies and their Threats: Real, Hybrid and Media Wars in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. Zürich: LIT Verlag Münster. p. 100. ISBN 9783643908254.
  2. ↑ "Совет Федерации дал согласие на использование Вооруженных Сил России на территории Украины". Совет Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации (in Roushien). Retrieved 3 Februar 2022.
  3. ↑ "Putin admits Russian forces were deployed to Crimea", Reuters, 17 Apryle 2014, archived frae the original on 19 Apryle 2014, 'We had to take unavoidable steps so that events did not develop as they are currently developing in southeast Ukraine. ... Of course our troops stood behind Crimea's self-defence forces.'
  4. ↑ Morello, Carol; Constable, Pamela; Faiola, Anthony (17 Mairch 2014). "Crimeans vote in referendum on whether to break away from Ukraine, join Russia". The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 Mairch 2014.
  5. ↑ "BBC Radio 4 – Analysis, Maskirovka: Deception Russian-Style". BBC. Retrieved 11 Apryle 2015.
  6. ↑ Lally, Kathy (17 Apryle 2014). "Putin's remarks raise fears of future moves against Ukraine — The Washington Post". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tg01xaa
  8. ↑ Per Liljas (19 August 2014). "Rebels in Besieged Ukrainian City Reportedly Being Reinforced". Time. TIME. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  9. ↑ "How the war zone transformed between June 16 and Sept. 19". KyivPost. 25 September 2014. Retrieved 21 Mairch 2015.
  10. ↑ "Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement". Reuters. 23 October 2014.
  11. ↑ "Debaltseve pocket in Donbas was created mainly by Russian troops – Yashin". www.unian.info (in Inglis). Retrieved 3 Februar 2022.
  12. ↑ "Evidence of Russian presence in Ukraine". Channel 4 News (in Inglis). 2 September 2014. Retrieved 3 Februar 2022.
  13. ↑ Luke Harding (17 December 2014). "Ukraine ceasefire leaves frontline counting cost of war in uneasy calm". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  14. ↑ "Kiev claims 'intensive' movements of troops crossing from Russia". AFP. 2 November 2014. Archived frae the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
  15. ↑ a b various reuters (9 November 2014). "worst east Ukraine shelling for month". Reuters. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
  16. ↑ "Spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), 8 November 2014". osce.org. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  17. ↑ "Ukraine crisis: Russian 'Cargo 200' crossed border — OSCE". BBC. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
  18. ↑ "OSCE monitors saw 21 coffins with dead soldiers cross Russian-Ukrainian border since August 2014 – Aug. 06, 2015". KyivPost. 6 August 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  19. ↑ "Moscow Stifles Dissent as Soldiers Return From Ukraine in Coffins". The Moscow Times. Reuters. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  20. ↑ "Response to Special Representative in Ukraine Ambassador Martin Sajdik and OSCE Special Monitoring Mission Chief Monitor Ertugrul Apakan". U.S. Mission to the OSCE. 4 November 2015. Archived frae the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  21. ↑ "The world reacts to Russia's military intervention in Crimea". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 9 Apryle 2017.
  22. ↑ "UN committee passes resolution on Crimea, condemning Russian occupation | Toronto Star". thestar.com. 15 November 2016. Retrieved 9 Apryle 2017.
  23. ↑ "OSCE Parliamentary Assembly adopts resolution condemning Russia's continuing actions in Ukraine". www.oscepa.org. Archived frae the original on 13 Mairch 2017. Retrieved 9 Apryle 2017.
  24. ↑ "Ukraine: Mounting evidence of war crimes and Russian involvement". www.amnesty.org. 7 September 2014. Retrieved 9 Apryle 2017.
  25. ↑ Overland, Indra; Fjaertoft, Daniel (2015). "Financial Sanctions Impact Russian Oil, Equipment Export Ban's Effects Limited". Oil and Gas Journal. 113 (8): 66–72.
  26. ↑ "Russia said to redeploy special-ops forces from Ukraine to Syria". Fox News Channel. 24 October 2015. Archived frae the original on 24 October 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015. "The special forces were pulled out of Ukraine and sent to Syria," a Russian Ministry of Defense official said, adding that they had been serving in territories in eastern Ukraine held by pro-Russia rebels. The official described them as "akin to a Delta Force," the U.S. Army's elite counterterrorism unit.
  27. ↑ Walker, Shaun (17 December 2015). "Putin admits Russian military presence in Ukraine for first time". The Guardian. Moscow.
  28. ↑ "Speakers Urge Peaceful Settlement to Conflict in Ukraine, Underline Support for Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity of Crimea, Donbas Region". United Nations. 20 Februar 2019. Retrieved 16 Mey 2019.
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