plaga

See also: plága, plagá, plagă, and plåga

English

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Etymology

Borrowed from Latin plāga (“a blow, a welt, a stripe”). Doublet of plague.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpleɪɡə/

Noun

plaga (plural plagae)

(zoology) A stripe of colour.
- 1931, The Australian Zoologist, volume 6, page 65:
  Widely ovate; head and pronotum black, anterior margins of the latter reddish; elytra black with four red plagae; […]

Related terms

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “plaga”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin plāga.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈpla.ɣə]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈpla.ɣa]

Noun

plaga f (plural plagues)

Icelandic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpʰlaːɣa/
Rhymes: -aːɣa

Verb

plaga (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative plagaði, supine plagað)

to bother, plague

Conjugation

plaga — active voice (germynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að plaga
supine (sagnbót)		plagað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		plagandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég plaga	við plögum	present (nútíð)	ég plagi	við plögum
	þú plagar	þið plagið		þú plagir	þið plagið
	hann, hún, það plagar	þeir, þær, þau plaga		hann, hún, það plagi	þeir, þær, þau plagi

past (þátíð)	ég plagaði	við plöguðum	past (þátíð)	ég plagaði	við plöguðum
	þú plagaðir	þið plöguðuð		þú plagaðir	þið plöguðuð
	hann, hún, það plagaði	þeir, þær, þau plöguðu		hann, hún, það plagaði	þeir, þær, þau plöguðu

imperative (boðháttur)	plaga (þú)	plagið (þið)
	plagaðu	plagiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

plagast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að plagast
supine (sagnbót)		plagast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		plagandist the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég plagast	við plögumst	present (nútíð)	ég plagist	við plögumst
	þú plagast	þið plagist		þú plagist	þið plagist
	hann, hún, það plagast	þeir, þær, þau plagast		hann, hún, það plagist	þeir, þær, þau plagist

past (þátíð)	ég plagaðist	við plöguðumst	past (þátíð)	ég plagaðist	við plöguðumst
	þú plagaðist	þið plöguðust		þú plagaðist	þið plöguðust
	hann, hún, það plagaðist	þeir, þær, þau plöguðust		hann, hún, það plagaðist	þeir, þær, þau plöguðust

imperative (boðháttur)	plagast (þú)	plagist (þið)
	plagastu	plagisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

plagaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	plagaður	plöguð	plagað	plagaðir	plagaðar	plöguð
accusative (þolfall)	plagaðan	plagaða	plagað	plagaða	plagaðar	plöguð
dative (þágufall)	plöguðum	plagaðri	plöguðu	plöguðum	plöguðum	plöguðum
genitive (eignarfall)	plagaðs	plagaðrar	plagaðs	plagaðra	plagaðra	plagaðra

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	plagaði	plagaða	plagaða	plöguðu	plöguðu	plöguðu
accusative (þolfall)	plagaða	plöguðu	plagaða	plöguðu	plöguðu	plöguðu
dative (þágufall)	plagaða	plöguðu	plagaða	plöguðu	plöguðu	plöguðu
genitive (eignarfall)	plagaða	plöguðu	plagaða	plöguðu	plöguðu	plöguðu

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin plaga (“tract, region, quarter, zone”). Compare piaggia.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpla.ɡa/
Rhymes: -aɡa
Hyphenation: plà‧ga

Noun

plaga f (plural plaghe)

region, district
(obsolete) beach

Latin

Etymology 1

Related to plangō (“to strike”), from *pleh₂k-, *pleh₂g-. Cognate with Ancient Greek πληγή (plēgḗ, “wound”) and Albanian plojë (“slaughter; bloodletting”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈplaː.ɡa/, [ˈpɫ̪äːɡä]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpla.ɡa/, [ˈpläːɡä]

Noun

plāga f (genitive plāgae); first declension

plague, misfortune
Synonyms: malum, cruciātus, nūbēs, miseria, īnfortūnium, calamitās, cāsus, vulnus
stroke, blow, cut, strike
Synonyms: ictus, vulnus, colaphus, pulsus
wound, gash, injury
Synonyms: vulnus, noxa, incommoditās, damnum

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	plāga	plāgae
Genitive	plāgae	plāgārum
Dative	plāgae	plāgīs
Accusative	plāgam	plāgās
Ablative	plāgā	plāgīs
Vocative	plāga	plāgae

Descendants

Eastern Romance:
- Aromanian: pleagã, plaghe
- Romanian: plagă
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: plaie, pleie (Anglo-Norman)
  - French: plaie
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: plaga
- Occitan: plaga
Ibero-Romance:
- Old Galician-Portuguese: chaga
  - Galician: chaga
  - Portuguese: chaga (see there for further descendants)
- Spanish: llaga
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: piaga
- Sicilian: chiaga
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: plae
- Romansch: plaja, plaga, plaia, pleja
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: tzaca

Borrowings

→ Albanian: plagë
→ Middle Dutch: plāghe
- Dutch: plaag
→ Middle Low German: plage
- → Danish: plage
- → Norwegian Bokmål: plage
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: plage
→ Middle High German: plāge, pflāge
- German: Plage
→ Old Dutch: plāgon
- Middle Dutch: plâgen
  - Dutch: plagen
  - Limburgish: plaoge
→ Old French: plage
- → Middle English: plage
  - English: plague
    - → Scottish Gaelic: plàigh
  - Scots: plague
→ Old Norse: plága
- Danish: plage
- Icelandic: plága
- Norwegian Bokmål: plage
- Norwegian Nynorsk: plage
- Swedish: plåga
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: praga
- Portuguese: praga
→ Polish: plaga
→ Spanish: plaga
→ Welsh: pla

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πλάγος (plágos, “side, flank”), Old High German flah (“flat, smooth”),^[2] Middle Low German vlake (“hurdle, small grid”), Old Norse flaki (“plank, canopy, shed”). More at flake.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpla.ɡa/, [ˈpɫ̪äɡä]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpla.ɡa/, [ˈpläːɡä]

Noun

plaga f (genitive plagae); first declension

tract, region, quarter, zone
- (Can we date this quote?) Attributed to Ennius by Cicero in De divinatione, Book II, Chapter XIII
  Quod est ante pedes nemo spectat, caeli scrutantur plagas.
  What is before the feet, noone regards; the skies are searched in the regions.

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	plaga	plagae
Genitive	plagae	plagārum
Dative	plagae	plagīs
Accusative	plagam	plagās
Ablative	plagā	plagīs
Vocative	plaga	plagae

Descendants

⇒ Late Latin: plagia
- Corsican: piaghja
- Dalmatian: plui
- Italian: piaggia
- Old French:
  - French: plage (see there for further descendants)
  - Walloon: pladje
- Old Occitan:
  - Catalan: platja
  - Occitan: plaja
- Old Galician-Portuguese: praya
  - Galician: praia
  - Portuguese: praia
- Sicilian: praja
- Old Spanish:
  - Spanish: playa
  - → Basque: plaia
→ Italian: plaga
→ Portuguese: plaga

Etymology 3

From Proto-Indo-European *plek- (“weave”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πλέκω (plékō, “braid”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpla.ɡa/, [ˈpɫ̪äɡä]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpla.ɡa/, [ˈpläːɡä]

Noun

plaga f (genitive plagae); first declension

hunting net, web, trap, snare, rope, gear
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.131:
  [...] rētia rāra, plagae, lātō vēnābula ferrō, [...].
  [Young hunters carrying] wide-meshed nets, traps, [and] hunting spears [tipped] with broad blades, [...].
  (The only appearance of this word in Virgil’s poetry. The “rētia rāra” are thin or widely-woven nets; in context, the “plagae” may be understood as stronger nets, snares, traps, or even ropes for securing the “retia.” Translations vary.)
bedcurtain, curtain

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	plaga	plagae
Genitive	plagae	plagārum
Dative	plagae	plagīs
Accusative	plagam	plagās
Ablative	plagā	plagīs
Vocative	plaga	plagae

Derived terms

References

“plaga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
plaga in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to inflict a death-blow: plagam extremam or mortiferam infligere
- to inflict a mortal wound on some one: mortiferam plagam alicui infligere

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “plangō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 469-70
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

plagen (of noun)

(of verb)

plaget
plagde (simple past)
plagd (past participle)

Noun

plaga m or f

definite feminine singular of plage

Verb

plaga

inflection of plage:
1. simple past
2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

plaga f

definite singular of plage

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin plāga. Doublet of płacz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpla.ɡa/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -aɡa
Syllabification: pla‧ga

Noun

plaga f

plague
Synonym: zaraza
nuisance

Declension

Declension of plaga

	singular	plural
nominative	plaga	plagi
genitive	plagi	plag
dative	pladze	plagom
accusative	plagę	plagi
instrumental	plagą	plagami
locative	pladze	plagach
vocative	plago	plagi

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈplaɡa/ [ˈpla.ɣ̞a]
Rhymes: -aɡa
Syllabification: pla‧ga

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin plāga. Compare the inherited llaga.

Noun

plaga f (plural plagas)

plague
Synonym: peste
nuisance

Derived terms

evitar como la plaga

Related terms

Etymology 2

Verb

plaga

inflection of plagar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

plaga

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Icelandic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Noun

Verb

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Spanish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Further reading