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Wiktionary

os

See also: Appendix:Variations of "os"

Translingual

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Symbol

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os

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Ossetian.

English

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Latin os (“a bone”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os (plural ossa)

  1. (anatomy) Synonym of bone.
    • 1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing the great Address of the Landlady; the great Learning of a Surgeon, and the solid Skill in Casuistry of the worthy Lieutenant”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume III, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VII, page 109:
      I was once, I remember, called to a Patient, who had received a violent Contuſion in his Tibia, by which the exterior Cutis was lacerated, ſo that there was a profuſe ſanguinary Diſcharge; and the interior Membranes were ſo divellicated, that the Os or Bone very plainly appeared through the Aperture of the Vulnus or Wound.
Usage notes
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Used in anatomical terminology (e.g., Terminologia Anatomica) and sometimes by doctors and surgeons in practice, but seldom used by medical laypeople.

Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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Translations

Etymology 2

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Unadapted borrowing from Latin ōs (“the mouth”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os (plural ora)

  1. (anatomy, sometimes botany) An opening or entrance to a passage, particularly one at either end of the cervix, internal (to the uterus) or external (to the vagina).
    Synonym: orifice
    • 1891, Texas Medical Association, Transactions, volume 23, page 175:
      The instrument closed, as seen in Fig. 1, is then passed along the finger to the os, in and through the cervix up to the fundus of the uterus, which may be determined both by the distance and the resistance to the broad rounded head of the Capiat.
    • 2009 July 6, Armen Takhtajan, Flowering Plants, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN:
      […] monocolpate (“unisulcate”) pollen grains still have a continuous aperture membrane devoid of special openings (ora) in the exine for the emergence of the pollen tube.
Translations
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Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Swedish ås.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os (plural osar)

  1. An osar or esker.

Etymology 4

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From o +‎ -s.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os

  1. (rare) Alternative form of o's.

References

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Anagrams

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Aragonese

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Etymology

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From Vulgar Latin *lōs, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈos/
  • Rhymes: -os
  • Syllabification: os

Article

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os m pl

  1. the
    Os lugars d'Aragón
    The villages of Aragon

Usage notes

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  • The form los, either pronounced as los or as ros, can be found after words ending with -o.
  • Some dialects use the form els, often shortened to es.

Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin ossum, from os. Compare Romanian os.

Noun

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os n (plural oasi or oase)

  1. bone

Derived terms

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Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Catalan os, from Latin ossum, non-standard variant of os.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os m (plural ossos)

  1. bone
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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l'ós bru

Inherited from Latin ursus. Compare Spanish oso, Occitan ors, French ours.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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os m (plural ossos, feminine ossa)

  1. bear (mammal)
Derived terms
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specific species of bear
other non-ursine mammals

Further reading

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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os

  1. plural of o (“the letter O”)

Danish

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse oss (“us”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɔs/, [ʌs], [ɒ̽s]

Pronoun

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os

  1. us, objective of vi
  2. (reflexive) ourselves
  3. (pluralis majestatis) ourself
See also
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Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
formal De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham hans
feminine (person) hun hende hendes
common(noun) den dens
neuter(noun) det dets
reflexive – sig sin sit sine
Plural First modern vi os vores
archaic / formal vor vort vore
Second – I jer jeres
Third – de dem deres
reflexive – sig

Etymology 2

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Disputed.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os c (singular definite osen, not used in plural form)

  1. smoke
  2. reek
  3. fug

Verb

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os

  1. imperative of ose

Daur

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Etymology

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From Proto-Mongolic *usun. Compare Mongolian ус (us).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os

  1. water
    En osii ter nyadem waagw tunpund suree.
    Please pour water into that washbowl.

References

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  • Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch osse, from Old Dutch *osso, earlier *ohso, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os m (plural ossen, diminutive osje n)

  1. ox (a castrated bull)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: os
  • Negerhollands: os

Further reading

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  • “os” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Fala

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Alternative forms

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  • us (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /os/
  • Rhymes: -os
  • Syllabification: os

Article

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os m pl (singular o, feminine a, feminine plural as)

  1. (Mañegu) Masculine plural definite article; the
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      En esti territorio se han assentau, en os anus que se indican, os habitantis siguientis:
      In this territory there were living, in the years specified, the following (amount of) inhabitants:

Pronoun

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os

  1. (Mañegu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them

See also

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Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

References

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  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[3], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French os, from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Pronunciation

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  • (singular) IPA(key): /ɔs/
  • (plural) IPA(key): /o/
  • After consonants other than /z/, the plural may alternatively be pronounced like the singular (cf. the same in œufs).
  • Colloquially, some speakers use the hybrid form /os/ for both singular and plural.

Noun

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os m (plural os)

  1. bone
    Le chien a enterré un os.
    The dog buried a bone.
  2. (informal) snag, hitch
    Synonyms: hic, accroc, anicroche
    Il y a un os. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Galician

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs, accusative plural of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

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Article

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os m pl (masculine singular o, feminine singular a, feminine plural as)

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes
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The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con os ("with the") contracts to cos, and en os ("in the") contracts to nos.

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

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os

  1. accusative of eles

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Etymology

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From Portuguese osso. Cognate with Kabuverdianu osu.

Noun

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os

  1. bone

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish oss, from Proto-Celtic *uxsū, from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn (“bull”).

Noun

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os m (genitive singular ois, nominative plural ois)

  1. (literary) deer
    Synonym: fia
Declension
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Declension of os

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative os ois
Vocative a ois a osa
Genitive ois os
Dative os ois

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-os na hois
Genitive an ois na n-os
Dative leis an os

don os

leis na hois

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Irish úas, ós, from Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewps-.

Preposition

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os (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

  1. over, above
Derived terms
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Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
os n-os hos t-os
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “os”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • “os”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Istro-Romanian

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Etymology

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From Latin ossum, from os.

Noun

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os n (plural ose, definite singular osu, definite plural osele)

  1. bone

Latin

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Etymology 1

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ōs (mouth)

From Proto-Italic *ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os. Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš), Sanskrit आस् (ās), Old Irish á, Old English ōr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ōs n (genitive ōris); third declension

  1. mouth
    Synonym: bucca
    Hyponyms: buccula, ōsculum
    • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.2.35–36:
      opprimet hanc animam flūctūs, frūstrāque precantī
      ōre necātūrās accipiēmus aquās
      Waves will crush this life, and just as I am uselessly praying, by mouth we will swallow waters soon to destroy us.
      (The poet laments his storm-tossed sea voyage to exile.)
    • Genesis, Vulgate 8.11:
      at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram
      But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in its mouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to and end.
  2. (transferred sense) (in general) head or face
    Synonym: caput
    Synonyms: (Vulgar Latin) cara, faciēs, frōns, vultus
    ad aliquem ora convertere ― to turn the head or face towards someone
  3. (transferred sense) (in general) facial features, countenance, appearance
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.328–329:
      “[...] Sī quis mihi parvulus aulā / lūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamen ōre referret, [...].”
      “If [only] for me someone were playing in the hall – a little Aeneas – who, although [you were gone], would recall you by his appearance, [...].”
  4. (poetic) speech
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.423:
      […] primi clipeos mentitaque tela / adgnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant.
      • 1697 translation by John Dryden
        They first observe, and to the rest betray, / Our diff'rent speech; our borrow'd arms survey.
  5. mouth, lips, opening, entrance, aperture, orifice
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.659–660:
      Dīxit et ōs impressa torō, [...] / ait [...].
      [Dido] spoke and, having pressed her lips upon the bed, cried out: [...].
      (Although many translations have Dido bury her “face” in the “couch,” still others convey the symbolism of a farewell kiss. See: Fitzgerald, 1981: “And here she kissed the bed”; Ruden, 2021: “She kissed the bed”.)
  6. beak of a ship
  7. edge of a sword
  This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
Inflection
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Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ōs ōra
Genitive ōris ōrum
Dative ōrī ōribus
Accusative ōs ōra
Ablative ōre ōribus
Vocative ōs ōra
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • → English: os

Etymology 2

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ossa manūs (bones of the hand)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) and Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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os n (genitive ossis); third declension

  1. (literal, anatomy) bone
  2. (figurative) bone as a metaphor for something deep within the body or frame, one’s innermost being or feeling, a generalized physical presence more than a specific anatomical location
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.100-101:
      “[...] Habēs tōtā quod mente petīstī:
      ārdet amāns Dīdō, trāxitque per ossa furōrem.”
      [Juno says to Venus:] “You have what you sought with all your heart: Dido burns [with] love, and it has drawn the passion through her bones.”
    • Anonymous, Regula Magistri :
      ipsorum ore respondent se lassis post viam ossibus non posse de lecto surgere
      By the same mouth they respond that, due to their weary bones after travel, it is not possible to arise from bed.
    1. (transferred sense) hard or innermost part of trees or fruits; heartwood
  3. (figurative) bones, framework or outline of a discourse
  This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
Inflection
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Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative os ossa
Genitive ossis ossium
Dative ossī ossibus
Accusative os ossa
Ablative osse ossibus
Vocative os ossa
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Descendants of os in other languages

References

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  • "ōs", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • "ŏs", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • "ōs", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "os", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • os in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1095.
  • os in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to praise a man to his face: aliquem coram, in os or praesentem laudare
    • to be in every one's mouth: in ore omnium or omnibus (hominum or hominibus, but only mihi, tibi, etc.) esse
    • to harp on a thing, be always talking of it: in ore habere aliquid (Fam. 6. 18. 5)
    • physics; natural philosophy: physica (-orum) (Or. 34. 119); philosophia naturalis
    • logic, dialectic: dialectica (-ae or -orum) (pure Latin disserendi ratio et scientia)
    • all agree on this point: omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt
    • unanimously: una voce; uno ore
    • mathematics: mathematica (-ae) or geometria (-ae), geometrica (-orum) (Tusc. 1. 24. 57)
    • arithmetic: arithmetica (-orum)
    • arithmetic: numeri (-orum)
    • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
    • maintain a devout silence (properly, utter no ill-omened word): favete ore, linguis = εὐφημειτε
    • to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
    • (ambiguous) to draw every one's eyes upon one: omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere
    • (ambiguous) to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri
    • (ambiguous) to be a subject for gossip: in ora vulgi abire
  • Dizionario Latino italiano, Olivetti

Middle English

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Pronoun

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os

  1. Alternative form of us

Middle French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Noun

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os m (plural os)

  1. bone

Descendants

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  • French: os

Middle Low German

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ös

  1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse óss. Same as Latin os.

Noun

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os m or n (definite singular osen or oset, indefinite plural osar or os, definite plural osane or osa)

  1. an outlet, estuary, river mouth (where a river runs out of a lake, or enters a lake or the ocean)

Etymology 2

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Unknown.

Noun

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os m (definite singular osen, indefinite plural osar, definite plural osane)

  1. to fume, smoke
  2. to reek, malodorousness
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Pronoun

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os

  1. obsolete spelling of oss.
    • 1770, Edvard Storm, “Guten aa Jenta paa Fjøshjellen”, in Den fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published 1990, page 233:
      Dæmæ venda os aat Bygden
      thus we turn towards the village

Etymology 4

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Verb

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os

  1. past tense of ase
  2. imperative of ose

Further reading

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  • “os” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
  • “os”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Old English

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Etymology

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From earliest Old English *ons, from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“engender, beget”). Cognate with Old Norse áss.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ōs m

  1. a god
  2. the runic character ᚩ (/o/ or /oː/)

Usage notes

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  • The genitive plural ēsa (attested in ēsa gescot “the shot of the ēse”) and names such as Esegar display i-mutation, despite being a u-stem. This is likely a fossilization from an earlier stage between Proto-West Germanic *ansu and early Old English *ons, in which i-mutation was applied to the attested declined forms due to the word’s archaic meaning, rather than its active usage.
  • The nominative plural likely had the same process from above applied to it as well, in the form of *ēse.
  • Both i-mutated, and typically-expected forms for each affected declension are provided in the table below:

Declension

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Declension of os (u-stem, irregular)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ōs *ēse, *ōsa
accusative ōs *ōsa
genitive *ōsa ēsa, *ōsa
dative ēse, *ōsa *ōsum

Synonyms

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Old French

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Etymology

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From Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os oblique singular, m (oblique plural os, nominative singular os, nominative plural os)

  1. bone

Descendants

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  • Middle French: os
    • French: os

Old Irish

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Alternative forms

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  • as, es, is (aberrant Würzburg forms)

Etymology

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Hamp derives this from Proto-Celtic *sonts, plural *sontes (whence ot); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts.[1] Copular origin explains the use of independent subject pronouns with this conjunction, which otherwise are usually used with the copula is.

A more traditional theory, assumed by Pedersen and Thurneysen among others, supposes that this is a contraction of ocus (“and”), with the apparent copular behaviour being analogical.[2]

Conjunction

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os (third-person plural ot)

  1. disjunctive conjunction

Usage notes

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  • The conjunction takes on the form ot when used with the third-person plural pronoun é and os elsewhere.

Descendants

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  • Middle Irish: os

References

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  1. ^ Hamp, Eric P. (1978) “Varia II”, in Ériu‎[1], volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved August 27, 2022, pages 149–154
  2. ^ García Castillero, Carlos (2013) “OLD IRISH TONIC PRONOUNS AS EXTRACLAUSAL CONSTITUENTS”, in Ériu‎[2], volume 63, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN Invalid ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 1–39

Further reading

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Old Saxon

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Noun

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os m

  1. Alternative form of as

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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os f

  1. genitive plural of osa
    Synonym: ós

Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: os

Article

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os

  2. masculine plural of o
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also
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Portuguese articles (edit)
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Definite articles
(the) 		o a os as
Indefinite articles
(a, an; some) 		um uma uns umas

Pronoun

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os

  2. third-person plural direct objective personal pronoun; them
    Synonyms: (indirect objective) lhes, eles, (prepositional) elas
    Encontrei-os na rua.
    I met them at the street.
Usage notes
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  • Becomes -los after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
    After ver: Posso vê-los? ― May I see them?
    After pôs: Pô-los ali. ― He put them there.
    After fiz: Fi-los ficarem contentes. ― I made them become happy.
    After nos: Deu-no-los relutantemente. ― He gave them to us reluctantly.
    After eis: Ei-los! ― Behold them!
  • Becomes -nos after a nasal diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].
    Detêm-nos como prisioneiros. ― They detain them as prisoners.
  • In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form eles.
    Eu os vi. → Eu vi eles. ― I saw them.
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:os.

See also
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Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct object) 		Dative
(indirect object) 		Prepositional Prepositional
with com 		Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no) 		a
(la, na) 		lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se si consigo
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil) 		a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco, com vós vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos) 		as
(las, nas) 		lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se si consigo
Indefinite se si consigo

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: os

Noun

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os m

  2. plural of o

Romagnol

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Noun

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os m (invariable) (Bassa Romagna)

  1. door

Romanian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, from Proto-Italic *ōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Compare Catalan os, French os, Italian osso, Portuguese osso, Sardinian ossu, Spanish hueso.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os n (plural oase)

  1. bone

Declension

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Declension of os
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) os osul (niște) oase oasele
genitive/dative (unui) os osului (unor) oase oaselor
vocative osule oaselor
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Further reading

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Scottish Gaelic

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Pronunciation

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Preposition

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os (+ dative, no mutation)

  1. (obsolete) over, above

Usage notes

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  • Now used only in the compounds listed below.

Derived terms

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Verb

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os

  1. Alternative form of arsa used before vowels
    "Ial, ial," os a' chailleach ― "Ial, ial," said the old woman

Serbo-Croatian

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Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ȏs f (Cyrillic spelling о̑с)

  1. (Croatia) axis

Declension

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Declension of os
singular plural
nominative ȏs ȏsi
genitive ȏsi ósī
dative osi osima
accusative os osi
vocative osi osi
locative osi osima
instrumental osi osima

Slovak

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Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os f (genitive singular osi, nominative plural osi, genitive plural osí, declension pattern of kosť)

  1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)
  2. axle

Declension

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Declension of os
singular plural
nominative os osi
genitive osi osí
dative osi osiam
accusative os osi
locative osi osiach
instrumental osou osami

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “os”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

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Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ọ̑s f

  1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)

Inflection

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 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing. ós
gen. sing. osí
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		ós osí osí
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		osí osí osí
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		ôsi oséma osém
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		ós osí osí
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		ôsi oséh oséh
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		osjó oséma osmí

Further reading

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  • “os”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “os”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Spanish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin vōs (accusative), vōbīs (dative).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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os

  1. you, to you, for you; dative and accusative of vosotros

See also

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Spanish personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular yo me mí1
plural masculine2 nosotros nos nosotros
feminine nosotras nosotras
second person singular tuteo tú te ti1
voseo vos vos
formal3 usted le, se4 lo/la5 usted
plural familiar6 masculine2 vosotros os vosotros
feminine vosotras vosotras
formal/general3 ustedes les, se4 los/las5 ustedes
third person singular masculine2 él le, se4 lo él
feminine ella la ella
neuter ello7 lo ello
plural masculine2 ellos les, se4 los ellos
feminine ellas las ellas
reflexive — se sí1
  1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
  2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
  4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
  5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
  6. Used primarily in Spain
  7. Used only in rare circumstances

Further reading

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Swedish

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Etymology 1

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Disputed. Possibly related to Latin odor, or alternatively Sanskrit वास (vāsa, “perfume”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os n

  1. (uncountable) (bad) smell, especially a strong smell originating from cooking
Declension
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Declension of os 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative os oset - -
Genitive os osets - -

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse óss.

Noun

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os n

  1. a river mouth; the place where a creek, stream or river enters into a lake
  2. indefinite genitive singular of o
Declension
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Declension of os 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative os oset os osen
Genitive os osets os osens

See also

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References

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Anagrams

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Volapük

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Pronoun

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os

  1. (impersonal pronoun) it

Welsh

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Etymology

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o (“if”) +‎ -s (“him, her, it, them”)

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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os

  1. if (used with factual conditionals, i.e., those that are considered likely or plausible)
    Os ydw i’n iawn, yna mae wedi canu arnat ti.
    If I’m right, then you’re done for.

See also

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  • pe (used with counterfactual conditionals)

White Hmong

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔap (“duck”), borrowed from Middle Chinese 鴨 (MC 'aep, “duck”).[1]

Noun

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os (classifier: tus)

  1. a duck

Etymology 2

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Not mentioned by Ratliff at all. Probably a natural exclamation in the same vein as English eh.”

Interjection

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os

  1. a final emphatic particle, usually used to express sincerity
    Nyob zoo os. ― Hello.
    Tuaj os. ― You've come.
    Noj mov os. ― Please eat.

References

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  • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎[5], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 4.
  1. ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 129; 280.
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