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Wiktionary

e-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "e"

English

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Etymology 1

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From Latin ē-.[1]

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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e-

  2. (non-productive) Used to form adjectives with the sense of something being lacking or removed.
    e.g. eluviation, edentulous, elenge
    Synonym: ex-

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Abbreviation of electronic.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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e-

  2. In an electronic form, especially computerized and digital; often in association with the Internet.
    Coordinate terms: cyber-, i-
Usage notes
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This practice began with E-mail in June 1979. The first usage of E-mail, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, occurred in the journal Electronics with reference to an initiative of the United States Postal Service (USPS) called Electronic Computer Originated Mail, which USPS abbreviated E-COM.

Many terms beginning with e- can be seen in both hyphenated (e.g. e-card) and unhyphenated (e.g., ecard) form, and sometimes – particularly in a business context – the letter following the e- will be capitalized (e.g., eBusiness or e-Business). In the present day, e- is generally used to indicate association with or transmission over the Internet. In proper names beginning with e-, the convention is generally to leave the e- lower-case, and to capitalize the second letter of the name (e.g., eBay). The e remains then lower-case when the name is used at the beginning of a sentence.

Derived terms
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English terms prefixed with e- (digital)
Translations
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Translations

See also

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Etymology 3

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Abbreviation of emergency.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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e-

  2. For emergency purposes.
    e-stop, e-brake
Derived terms
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English terms prefixed with e- (emergency)

Etymology 4

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Abbreviation of electric or electrical.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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e-

  2. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.
    1. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant.
  3. Electric.
    e-stim
Derived terms
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English terms prefixed with e- (electric power)

Etymology 5

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Abbreviation of embedded.

Prefix

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e-

  2. (electronics) Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements.
Derived terms
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English terms prefixed with e- (embedded)

References

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  1. ^ “e-, prefix2”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, January 2018; “e-”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Cayuga

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Prefix

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e-

  1. third person feminine agent pronominal prefix; she

References

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  • Marianne Mithun, Reginald Henry (1982) Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published 2015, page 66

Chuukese

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Prefix

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e-

  1. Third-person singular subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.
  2. one

Finnish

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Etymology

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From English e-.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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e-

  1. e- (electronic)

Usage notes

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The hyphen is kept (not dropped) when this prefix is used.

Derived terms

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Finnish terms prefixed with e-
compounds

Latin

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ē-

  1. Alternative form of ex- (combining with b-, d-, g-, j-, l-, m-, n-, r-, and v-initial words).

Derived terms

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Latin terms prefixed with ex-

Mokilese

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Prefix

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e-

  1. number prefix for one

Usage notes

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e- is a numerical prefix, attached to classifiers and other numbers to create various numeral forms and numbers.

Derived terms

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Northern Ndebele

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Old Irish

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Prefix

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e- (class A infixed pronoun)

  1. Alternative form of a- (“him, it”)

See also

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Old Irish affixed pronouns

See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.

Person Infixed Suffixed
Class A Class B Class C
1 sing. m-L dom-L, dam-L -um
2 sing. t-L dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L -ut
3 sing. m. a-N, e-N d-N id-N, did-N, d-N -i, -it
3 sing. f. s-(N) da- -us
3 sing. n. a-L, e-L d-L id-L, did-L, d-L -i, -it
1 pl. n- don-, dun-, dan- -unn
2 pl. b- dob-, dub-, dab- -uib
3 pl. s-(N) da- -us
L means this form triggers lenition.
N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis)
(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

Polish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English e-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɛ/, /i/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛ

Prefix

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e-

  1. e-, as relating to electronics or the internet
    ‎e- + ‎papier → ‎e-papier

Derived terms

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Polish terms prefixed with e-

Further reading

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  • e- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Prefix

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e-

  1. Alternative form of em- used before M and N
  2. Alternative form of ex- (outward motion)

Southern Ndebele

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. Class 9 adjective concord.

Swedish

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse æ, from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”), Proto-Germanic *aiwaz.

Prefix

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e-

  1. prefix that may be used on certain pronouns and adverbs to create "-ever" constructions, most of which are formal or archaic.
    ‎e- + ‎huru (“how”) → ‎ehuru (“although, however”)
    ‎e- + ‎vad (“what”) → ‎evad (“whatever”)
    ‎e- + ‎var (“where”) → ‎evar (“wherever”)
    ‎e- + ‎ho (“who”) → ‎eho (“whoever”)
Derived terms
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Swedish terms prefixed with e- (ever, eternally)
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Etymology 2

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From English e-, shortening of electronic.

Prefix

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e-

  1. electronic; including the hyphen
Derived terms
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Swedish terms prefixed with e- (electronic)

Tocharian A

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Etymology

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Compare Tocharian B ai-.

Verb

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e-

  1. to give

Tooro

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Alternative forms

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  • (before -a- or subjunctive -e-) y-
  • (before vowels in other cases) ey-

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.

Prefix

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e-

  1. class 4 pronominal concord
    ‎e- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎enu (“these (class 4)”)
  2. class 9 pronominal concord
    ‎e- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎enu (“this (class 9)”)

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.

Prefix

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e-

  1. they; class 4 subject concord
    ‎e- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎ekora (“they (class 4) do”)
  2. it; class 9 subject concord
    ‎e- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎ekora (“it (class 9) does”)

See also

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Tooro personal pronouns
Class Person Independent Possessive Subject concord Object concord Combined forms
na ni
Class 1 First nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
Second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
Third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
Class 2 First itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
Second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
Third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
Class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
Class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
Class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
Class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
Class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
Class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
Class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
Class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
Class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
Class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
Class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
Class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
Class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
(...-yo) 		-ha- N/A nukwo
Class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
(...-mu) 		-ha- N/A numwo
Reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

References

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  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 413-414

Welsh

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Etymology

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From English e-, an abbreviation of electronic.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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e-

  1. e-
    ‎e- + ‎llyfr (“book”) → ‎e-lyfr (“e-book”)
    ‎e- + ‎masnach (“trade, commerce”) → ‎e-fasnach (“e-commerce”)
    ‎e- + ‎post (“post, mail”) → ‎e-bost (“email”)
    ‎e- + ‎dysgu (“to learn”) → ‎e-ddysgu (“e-learning”)

Derived terms

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Welsh terms prefixed with e-

Mutation

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Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
e- unchanged unchanged he-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “e-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Xhosa

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. at, on, in; locative prefix.
Usage notes
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This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfix e- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 11 noun in u-, it changes to elu-. Also when affixed to a class 10 noun in iin-, iim-, ii-, it also changes to ezin-, ezim-, ezi-.

Ye'kwana

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Variant orthographies
ALIV e-
Brazilian standard e-
New Tribes e-

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Perhaps originally related to or a variant form of öt-, which has an allmorphic form e- in some related languages. However, note that intransitive verbs formed with öt- have agent-like arguments, whereas those formed with e- have patient-like arguments.

Prefix

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e-

  1. converts a transitive verb into an intransitive verb with a patient-like argument, variously with reflexive, reciprocal, or passive meaning
Usage notes
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Only used with transitive verbs whose root begins with a consonant. A transitive verb that can be converted in such a way will generally have an epenthetic i- preceding its root in most conjugated forms, as well as palatalization of its initial consonant.

Derived terms
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Ye'kwana terms prefixed with e-

Etymology 2

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Prefix

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e-

  1. attaches to possessed nouns beginning with ö when the possessor is first- or second-person or is indicated by a full noun preceding the possessed noun
Usage notes
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This prefix takes the place of the ö that introduces the possessed noun. Its status as a prefix is debatable; it may rather be analyzed as an ablaut phenomenon.

References

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  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[2], Lyon, pages 70–72, 111, 132–133

Zou

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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e-

  1. Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er
    ‎e- + ‎ne (“to eat”) → ‎ene (“eater”)

Derived terms

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Zou terms prefixed with e-

References

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  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 81

Zulu

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Etymology 1

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From a- (“relative”) +‎ i- (“class 4”).

Prefix

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ḗ-

  1. Class 4 relative concord.

Etymology 2

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From a- (“relative”) +‎ i- (“class 9”).

Prefix

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ḗ-

  1. Class 9 relative concord.

Etymology 3

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Possibly related to Rwanda-Rundi i.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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e-

  1. at, on, in; locative prefix.
Usage notes
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This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfix e- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 5 noun beginning in ī-, it is lengthened to ē-, and when affixed to a class 11 noun in ū-, it is lengthened and also changes to ō-. It takes on the tone of whichever prefix it replaces.

References

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