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Wiktionary

ach

See also: ACH, aćh, -ach, ách, and ạch

Translingual

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Symbol

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ach

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Acholi.

English

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“parsley”).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ach (plural aches)

  1. (obsolete) Any of several species of plants, such as smallage, wild celery, parsley.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ach

  1. An expression of annoyance.
    • 1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972:
      "Ach." Auntie frowned hugely. "That is all nonsense."
  2. An expression of woe or regret.
  3. Alternative form of och

Anagrams

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Central Franconian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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ach

  1. (Limburgan Ripuarian) eight (numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 8; or describing a set with eight elements)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “ach” in d'r nuie Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer 2nd ed., 2017.

Chuukese

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Determiner

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ach

  1. First-person plural inclusive general possessive; our (inclusive)
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Chuukese possessive determiners
Small objects, concepts Large objects, living things Suffix
Singular First person ai nei -ei
Second person omw, om noum -om
Third person an noun -an
Plural First person äm (exclusive)
ach (inclusive)		 nöu̇m (exclusive)
nöüch (inclusive)		 -em (exclusive)
-ach (inclusive)
Second person ämi, ami noumi -emi
Third person ar nour -er

Cimbrian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

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ach

  1. (Sette Comuni) accusative of iart: you (plural; polite singular)

See also

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Cimbrian personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
1st person singular ich mich miar
2nd person singular familiar du dich diar
polite iart ach òich
3rd person singular m èar, ar in, en iime
f zi, ze iar
n es, is es, 's iime
1st person plural bar,
bandare		 zich izàndarn
2nd person plural iart,
iartàndare, artàndare		 òich, ach ogàndarn
3rd person plural ze, zòi,
zandare		 zich innàndarn

References

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  • “ach” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɑx/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ach
  • Rhymes: -ɑx

Interjection

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ach

  1. oh, expresses compassion, surprise and dismay

Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: ag
  • → Papiamentu: ag
  • → Peranakan Indonesian: ach

Esperanto

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Interjection

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ach

  1. H-system spelling of aĉ

German

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Etymology

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From Middle High German ach, from Old High German ah.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ach

  1. oh, alas (expressing surprise, sorrow, or understanding)
    • 1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Vor dem Thor”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]‎[1]; republished as Bayard Taylor, transl., 1870:
      Zwey Seelen wohnen, ach! in meiner Brust, / Die eine will sich von der andern trennen;
      Two souls, alas! reside within my breast, / And each withdraws from, and repels, its brother.
  2. oh (preceding an offhand or annoyed remark)
  3. oh (preceding an invocation or address, but rarely a solemn one)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Danish: ah
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ah, a
  • Yiddish: אַך (akh)

Further reading

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  • “ach” in Duden online
  • Friedrich Kluge (1883) “ach”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
  • “ach” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish acht (“but, except”), from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

Alternative forms

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Conjunction

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ach

  1. but

Preposition

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ach (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)

  1. except, but
Derived terms
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Adverb

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ach

  1. but, only, merely

Etymology 2

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Onomatopoeic.

Alternative forms

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Interjection

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ach!

  1. ah! och! ugh!

Further reading

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Kashubian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈax/
  • Rhymes: -ax
  • Syllabification: ach

Interjection

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ach

  1. ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

Further reading

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  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “aχ!”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 2
  • Sychta, Bernard (1967) “aχ!”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 3
  • Jan Trepczyk (1994) “ach!”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “ach!”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[2]
  • “ach!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Old Polish ach.

Interjection

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ach (archaic)

  1. o (used to address someone or a group)

Further reading

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Masurian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish ach.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈax/
  • Rhymes: -ax
  • Syllabification: ach

Interjection

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ach

  1. ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

Further reading

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  • Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “ach”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎[3], volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 112-113

Middle Low German

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ach

  1. oh (an expression of grievance or displeasure)

North Frisian

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Etymology

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From Old Frisian achta. Compare West Frisian acht.

Numeral

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ach

  1. (Heligoland) eight

Old Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ach

  1. (attested in Silesia) ah! expresses surprise
    • 1915 [End of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543‎[4], page 315:
      Ach boze moy, pomozy my
      [Ach Boże moj, pomoży mi]
    • 1915 [Middle of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543‎[5], page 514:
      Ach nyestocze proch dolor
      [Ach niestocie proch dolor]
    • 1885-2024 [End of the 15th century], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne‎[6], volume III, Wrocław, page 289:
      Ach gelacze heu
      [Ach jełacie heu]
    • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎[7], page 56:
      Takoż płakał rzekąc: Ach mnie nędznemu
      [Takoż płakał rzekąc: Ach mnie nędznemu]

Descendants

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References

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Peranakan Indonesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Dutch ach (“oh”).

Interjection

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ach

  1. oh, expresses compassion, surprise and dismay
    Ach, ia laen tida minta doeit.[1] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

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  1. ^ Kwee Hing Tjiat (1921) Doea Kapala Batoe [Two Hardheaded (Persons)] (in Peranakan Indonesian), Nauer & Dimmick, page 10

Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish ach.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ach

  1. ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding
    Synonyms: och, ojej, ależ

Derived terms

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adjective
interjections
noun
verbs

Further reading

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  • ach in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ach in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ach, ah”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Krystyna Siekierska (08.06.2022) “ACH”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) Słownik języka polskiego, volume 1, pages 3-4
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 6

Scots

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Etymology

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In imitation of a cry.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ach

  1. An exclamation of impatience, disappointment, contempt, remonstrance.
  2. expression of satisfaction or pleasure.

References

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Scottish Gaelic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish acht (“but, except”), from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs-tos.

Conjunction

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ach

  1. but
    Thèid mise ach cha tèid thusa. ― I'll go but you won't [go].
  2. except, only
    Cha robh ann ach trì daoine. ― There were only three people (literally "there was not there but/except for three people").

Etymology 2

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Shortened form of feuch.

Conjunction

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ach

  1. so that
    Dh'aontaich e ach am biodh adhartas air choireigin ann. ― He agreed so that there would be some progress.

References

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Silesian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish ach.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈax/
  • Rhymes: -ax
  • Syllabification: ach

Interjection

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ach

  1. ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

Further reading

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  • ach in silling.org
  • Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “ach”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 61
  • Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “ach!”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 7

Slovincian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈax/
  • Rhymes: -ax
  • Syllabification: ach

Interjection

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ach

  1. ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

Further reading

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Temascaltepec Nahuatl

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Adverb

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ach

  1. maybe

Welsh

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Celtic *akkā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekkeh₂ (compare Latin Acca (Larentia), a Roman goddess, Ancient Greek Ἀκκώ (Akkṓ, “nurse of Demeter”), Sanskrit अक्का (akkā, “mother”)).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ach f (plural achau or achoedd)

  1. kinship
  2. pedigree, ancestry
  3. (in the plural) lineage
  4. (in the plural) genealogy, family roots
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Alternative forms

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och, ych

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ach

  1. yuck
Derived terms
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ach-y-fi

Mutation

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Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ach unchanged unchanged hach
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ach”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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