дума

See also: Дума and Appendix:Variations of "duma"

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdumɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f

1. word (unit of language)
2. word, account (the thing one talks about)
3. word, talk, conversation
4. word, promise, pledge
5. word, say, opinion, verdict
6. the right to speak, floor

Declension

Declension of ду́ма

	singular	plural
indefinite	ду́ма dúma	ду́ми dúmi
definite	ду́мата dúmata	ду́мите dúmite
vocative form	ду́мо dúmo	ду́ми dúmi

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), from the same source as Etymology 1.

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f

1. duma (Russian legislative assembly)

Declension

Declension of ду́ма

	singular	plural
indefinite	ду́ма dúma	ду́ми dúmi
definite	ду́мата dúmata	ду́мите dúmite

Further reading

• “дума”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈduma]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).

Noun

дума • (duma) f (plural думи)

1. (regional) word (unit of language)

   Synonym: збор (zbor)

2. (regional) thought

   Synonym: мисла (misla)

Declension

Declension of дума

	singular	plural
indefinite	дума	думи
definite unspecified	думата	думите
definite proximal	думава	думиве
definite distal	думана	думине
vocative	думо	думи

Verb

дума • (duma) third-singular present, impf

1. (regional, archaic) to remember

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).

Noun

дума • (duma) f (uncountable)

1. duma (Russian legislature)

Declension

Declension of дума

	singular
indefinite	дума
definite unspecified	думата
definite proximal	думава
definite distal	думана
vocative	думо

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdumə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́мы, nominative plural ду́мы, genitive plural дум, relational adjective ду́мский, diminutive ду́мка)

1. thought, meditation

   Synonyms: мысль (myslʹ), разду́мье (razdúmʹje)

   Вечерний звон, вечерний звон, как много дум наводит он! - The evening bell, the evening bell, how much thoughts does it bring!

2. duma (Russian legislature)

   Synonym: парла́мент (parláment)

Declension

Declension of ду́ма (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ду́ма dúma	ду́мы dúmy
genitive	ду́мы dúmy	ду́м dúm
dative	ду́ме dúme	ду́мам dúmam
accusative	ду́му dúmu	ду́мы dúmy
instrumental	ду́мой, ду́мою dúmoj, dúmoju	ду́мами dúmami
prepositional	ду́ме dúme	ду́мах dúmax

Pre-reform declension of ду́ма (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ду́ма dúma	ду́мы dúmy
genitive	ду́мы dúmy	ду́мъ dúm
dative	ду́мѣ dúmě	ду́мамъ dúmam
accusative	ду́му dúmu	ду́мы dúmy
instrumental	ду́мой, ду́мою dúmoj, dúmoju	ду́мами dúmami
prepositional	ду́мѣ dúmě	ду́махъ dúmax

Related terms

• ду́матель (dúmatelʹ)
• ду́мный (dúmnyj)
• ду́мать (dúmatʹ)

Descendants

Descendants

• → Bulgarian: дума (duma)
• → Buryat: дүүмэ (düüme)
• → Chinese: 杜馬／杜马 (dùmǎ)/杜马 (dùmɑ̌)
• → English: duma
• → Finnish: duuma
• → Finnish: tuuma
• → Macedonian: дума (duma)
• ⇒ Mongolian: дум (dum)
• → Romanian: dumă
• → Yakut: дума (duma)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дума”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdumɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́ми, nominative plural ду́ми, genitive plural дум)

1. A thought, meditation, idea.
2. A sung epic poem, of a type invented by Ukrainian Cossacks in the 16th century; a ballad, elegy.

Declension

Declension of ду́ма (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ду́ма dúma	ду́ми dúmy
genitive	ду́ми dúmy	дум dum
dative	ду́мі dúmi	ду́мам dúmam
accusative	ду́му dúmu	ду́ми dúmy
instrumental	ду́мою dúmoju	ду́мами dúmamy
locative	ду́мі dúmi	ду́мах dúmax
vocative	ду́мо dúmo	ду́ми dúmy

Derived terms

• думка (dumka) (diminutive)
• dumka (English)

Related terms

• ду́мати (dúmaty)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “дума”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka