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The firing properties of V4 were first described by [[Semir Zeki]] in the late 1970s, who also named the area. Before that, V4 was known by its anatomical description, the [[prelunate gyrus]]. Originally, Zeki argued that the purpose of V4 was to process color information. Work in the early 1980s proved that V4 was as directly involved in form recognition as earlier cortical areas.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} This research supported the [[two-streams hypothesis]], first presented by Ungerleider and Mishkin in 1982.
Recent work has shown that V4 exhibits long-term plasticity,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Schmid|first1=M. C.|last2=Schmiedt|first2=J. T.|last3=Peters|first3=A. J.|last4=Saunders|first4=R. C.|last5=Maier|first5=A.|last6=Leopold|first6=D. A.|title=Motion-Sensitive Responses in Visual Area V4 in the Absence of Primary Visual Cortex|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|date=27 November 2013|volume=33|issue=48|pages=18740–18745|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3923-13.2013|pmid=24285880|pmc=3841445}}</ref> encodes stimulus salience, is gated by signals coming from the [[frontal eye fields]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Tirin|author-link1=Tirin Moore|last2=Armstrong|first2=Katherine M.|title=Selective gating of visual signals by microstimulation of frontal cortex|journal=Nature|volume=421|issue=6921|pages=370–373|doi=10.1038/nature01341|pmid=12540901|bibcode=2003Natur.421..370M|year=2003|s2cid=4405385}}</ref> and shows changes in the spatial profile of its receptive fields with attention.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}In addition, it has recently been shown that activation of area B4 in humans (area B4x) is observed during the perception and retention of the color of objects, but not their shape<ref>{{Citation |last=Kozlovskiy |first=Stanislav |title=How Areas of Ventral Visual Stream Interact When We Memorize Color and Shape Information |date=2021 |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-71637-0_10 |work=Advances in Cognitive Research, Artificial Intelligence and Neuroinformatics |volume=1358 |pages=95–100 |editor-last=Velichkovsky |editor-first=Boris M. |access-date=2023-10-18 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-71637-0_10 |isbn=978-3-030-71636-3 |last2=Rogachev |first2=Anton |editor2-last=Balaban |editor2-first=Pavel M. |editor3-last=Ushakov |editor3-first=Vadim L.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stanislav |first=Kozlovskiy |last2=Rogachev |first2=Anton |date=2021-10 |title=Ventral Visual Cortex Areas and Processing of Color and Shape in Visual Working Memory |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167876021006437 |journal=International Journal of Psychophysiology |language=en |volume=168 |pages=S155–S156 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.07.437}}</ref>.
== Middle temporal visual area (V5) ==<!-- This section is linked from [[V5]] -->
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