Content deleted Content added
पाटलिपुत्र (talk | contribs) ref Tag: Reverted |
पाटलिपुत्र (talk | contribs) disamb Tag: Reverted |
||
Line 1:
{{short description|Former method of smallpox immunisation}}
[[File:Queens of Mysore, Thomas Hickey, 1805.jpg|thumb|Queens of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]]: left, king [[Krishnaraja Wadiyar III]]'s first wife, Devajammani, right, the king's second wife, also named Devajammani, center: Lakshmi Ammani, the king’s grandmother. [[Thomas Hickey (painter)|Thomas Hickey]], 1805. The two queens in the painting are thought to advertize variolation, as they display the marks on their skin.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sethu |first1=Divya |title=How 3 Mysore Queens Became The Face Of A Campaign For The World's First Vaccine |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/251100/national-vaccination-day-india-smallpox-covid-19-vaccine-awareness-programme-british-history-div200/ |website=The Better India |date=16 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=An Indian Queen’s “Vaccine Selfie” in Oils |url=https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/indian-queens-vaccine-selfie-oils |website=www.gavi.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Indian queens who modelled for the world's first vaccine |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53944723 |work=BBC News |date=19 September 2020}}</ref>]]
'''Variolation''' was the method of [[inoculation]] first used to [[immunize]] individuals against [[smallpox]] (''Variola'') with material taken from a patient or a recently variolated individual, in the hope that a mild, but protective, infection would result.
Line 52:
===Widespread recognition===
[[File:Queens of Mysore (detail), Thomas Hickey, 1805.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Queens of Mysore (detail): left, king [[Krishnaraja Wadiyar III]]'s first wife, Devajammani has a discoloration around the mouth, thought to be due to the blowing of variolation dust ("nasal insufflation"). Right, the king's second wife, shows the discoloration mark due to variolation under her [[saree]]. [[Thomas Hickey (painter)|Thomas Hickey]], 1805.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sethu |first1=Divya |title=How 3 Mysore Queens Became The Face Of A Campaign For The World's First Vaccine |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/251100/national-vaccination-day-india-smallpox-covid-19-vaccine-awareness-programme-british-history-div200/ |website=The Better India |date=16 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=An Indian Queen’s “Vaccine Selfie” in Oils |url=https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/indian-queens-vaccine-selfie-oils |website=www.gavi.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Indian queens who modelled for the world's first vaccine |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53944723 |work=BBC News |date=19 September 2020}}</ref>]]
In 1738, variolation was added to the second edition of ''[[Chambers' Cyclopædia]]'', which in its time was an authority of knowledge for the literary class. Later in 1754, variolation received the sanction of the [[Royal College of Physicians]].<ref name="Henderson2009" />{{rp|47}} All of this made England the international center of variolation, attracting visitors from all over the world to explore this "new" method of prevention. The nation also acted as a magnet for those who sought to introduce the benefits of variolation to their own countries. A remarkable example of this is the introduction of variolation into Russia. [[Thomas Dimsdale]], a prominent banker, politician, and physician, was invited to visit St Petersburg to variolate [[Catherine the Great]]. In 1769, he variolated [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine]], her 14-year-old son [[Paul of Russia|Grand Duke Paul]], and over 140 prominent members of the Court. The results were successful. Dimsdale was created a [[baron]] of the [[Russian Empire]], and awarded [[Pound sterling|£]]10,000, with £2000 for expenses and an annuity of £500. His son, who accompanied him, was also rewarded. In case Dimsdale's variolations had ended badly, Catherine had arranged a relay of horses to carry them safely out of the country.<ref name="hopkins">{{cite book|last=Hopkins|first=Donald, R.|title=The greatest killer; smallpox in history|url=https://archive.org/details/greatestkillersm0000hopk|url-access=registration|year=2002|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=0226351661|pages=[https://archive.org/details/greatestkillersm0000hopk/page/65 65–69]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Bishop|first=W. J.|title=Thomas Dimsdale and the inoculation of Catherine the Great of Russia|journal=Ann. Hist. Med. |series=New Series|year=1932|volume=4|pages=321–38}}</ref>
| |||