Tablet (pharmacy): Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 11:29, 27 September 2023 edit Jaan Kött (talk \| contribs) 45 edits m →‎Manufacture of the tablets: consistency checks ← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 01:46, 9 December 2023 edit undo Buidhe (talk \| contribs) Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, File movers, Mass message senders, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Template editors 134,341 edits m Moving from Category:Pharmaceutical industry to Category:Drug manufacturing using Cat-a-lot
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Line 30: An early example of a pill comes from ancient Rome. They were made of zinc carbonates, [[hydrozincite]] and [[smithsonite]]. The pills were used for sore eyes and were found aboard a Roman ship that wrecked in 140 BC. However, these tablets were meant to be pressed on the eyes, not swallowed.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23049-worlds-oldest-pills-treated-sore-eyes.html\|title=World's oldest pills treated sore eyes\|work=New Scientist\|date=7 January 2013\|access-date=5 February 2013\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122102750/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23049-worlds-oldest-pills-treated-sore-eyes.html\|archive-date=22 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|title=Ingredients of a 2,000-y-old medicine revealed by chemical, mineralogical, and botanical investigations\|journal=PNAS\|date=7 January 2013\|doi=10.1073/pnas.1216776110\|pmid=23297212\|volume=110\|issue=4\|pages=1193–1196\|pmc=3557061\|last1=Giachi\|first1=G.\|last2=Pallecchi\|first2=P.\|last3=Romualdi\|first3=A.\|last4=Ribechini\|first4=E.\|last5=Lucejko\|first5=J. J.\|last6=Colombini\|first6=M. P.\|last7=Mariotti Lippi\|first7=M.\|bibcode=2013PNAS..110.1193G\|doi-access=free}}</ref> ~~Factors~~;Defects/imperfections ~~affecting~~arising during tablet manufacturing ~~(Defects)/(Imperfections).~~ Formulation ~~related—~~related: ~~Sticking~~sticking, picking, binding. ~~Tablets~~Processing: ~~processing— Capping~~capping, lamination, cracking, chipping. Machine: double impression ~~Machine— Double Impression.~~ ===Caplets=== Line 46: ==Tabletting formulations== [[File:Zoloft bottles.jpg\|thumb\|Bottles]] In the tablet-pressing process, it is important that all ingredients be fairly dry, powdered or granular, somewhat uniform in particle size, and freely flowing. Mixed particle sized powders ~~segregate~~may ~~during~~separate ~~manufacturing~~outsegregate ~~operations~~during manufacture due to their different densities,. ~~which~~This can result in tablets with poor drug or active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content uniformity, but [[Granulation (making of granules)\|granulation]] should prevent this. Content uniformity ensures that the same API dose is delivered with each tablet. Some APIs may be compressed into tablets as pure substances, but this is rarely the case; most formulations include ~~[[excipient]]s. Normally, a~~ pharmacologically inactive ~~ingredient~~ingredients (~~excipient), termed a ''binder,'' is added to help hold the tablet together and give it strength. A wide variety of binders may be used, with some common ones including~~ [[~~lactose~~excipient]], dibasic calcium phosphate, [[sucrose]], corn (maize) starch, microcrystalline [[cellulose]], povidone [[polyvinylpyrrolidone]] and modified cellulose (for example, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethylcelluloses).: Usually a ''binder'' is added to help hold the tablet together and give it mechanical strength. A wide variety of binders may be used: some common ones are [[lactose]], dibasic calcium phosphate, [[sucrose]], corn (maize) starch, microcrystalline [[cellulose]], povidone [[polyvinylpyrrolidone]] and modified cellulose (for example, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose). Often, an ingredient is also needed to act as a ''disintegrator'' to aid tablet dispersion once swallowed, releasing the API for absorption. Some binders, such as starch and cellulose, are also excellent disintegrators.▼ ▲* Often, an ingredient is also needed to act as a ''disintegrator'' to aid tablet dispersion once swallowed, releasing the API for absorption. Some binders, such as starch and cellulose, are also excellent disintegrators. ==Tablet properties== Line 129 ⟶ 131: ==See also== * [[Reagent testing]] * [[3D printed medicine\|3D drug printing]] ==References== Line 141 ⟶ 144: [[Category:Chemical engineering]] [[Category:~~Pharmaceutical~~Drug ~~industry~~manufacturing]] [[Category:Drug delivery devices]] [[Category:Dosage forms]]