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At the start of the [[Spanish Civil War]], Wintringham went to Barcelona as a journalist for the ''Daily Worker'',<ref>Orwell, Sonia and Angus, Ian (eds.)''The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 2: My Country Right or Left'' (London, Penguin)</ref> but he joined and eventually commanded the [[British Battalion]]<ref name=EngCap/> of the [[International Brigades]]. Some socialist commentators have credited him with the whole idea of "international" brigades. He also had an affair with a US journalist, '''Kitty Bowler,''' whom he later married.
In February 1937 he was wounded in the [[Jarama|Battle of Jarama]].<ref name=EngCap/> While injured in Spain he became friends with [[Ernest Hemingway]], who based one of his characters upon him. He spent some months as a machine gun instructor. When he returned to the battalion the next summer he contracted [[typhoid]], was again wounded at [[Battle of Quinto|Quinto]] in August 1937 and was repatriated in October. His later book ''English Captain'' is based on these experiences.
In 1938, the Communist Party condemned his wife as a [[Trotskyism|Trotskyist]] spy but he refused to leave her: he quit the party instead. He came to mistrust the party's subservience to [[Joseph Stalin]]'s Russia and Comintern. Back in England, Tom Hopkinson recruited him to work for the magazine ''[[Picture Post]]''.
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