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{{Short description|Field of critical theory}}
{{LGBT sidebar}}Queer theory is a field of [[post-structuralist]] [[critical theory]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ranjan |first=Ritesh |date=July 2019 |title=QUEER THEORY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS IMPLICATION IN ART HISTORICAL READINGS |journal=International Journal of Current Innovation Research and Studies |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |location=Maryland Heights, Missouri |volume=2 |issue=2 |url=http://www.ijciras.com/PublishedPaper/IJCIRAS1287.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Theory |url=https://www.sexualdiversity.org/edu/theory/ |website=sexualdiversity.org |date=January 2019 |quote=Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of the fields of queer studies and women's studies. |access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is Queer Theory? |url=https://libraryguides.fullerton.edu/c.php?g=1134908&p=8436083 |website=California State University, Fullerton Library |quote=Queer theory is a critical theory that examines and critiques society's definitions of gender and sexuality, with the goal of revealing the social and power structures at play in our everyday lives. |access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref> that emerged in the early 1990s out of [[queer studies]] (formerly often known as [[gay]] and [[lesbian]] studies) and [[women's studies]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chandler |first1=Daniel |last2=Munday |first2=Rod |title=A Dictionary of Media and Communication |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-956875-8 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199568758.001.0001/acref-9780199568758-e-2220 |chapter=queer theory }}</ref> The term "queer theory" can have various meanings depending upon its usage, but has been broadly associated with the study and theorization of gender and sexual practices that exist outside of [[heterosexuality]], and which challenge [[Heteronormativity|the notion that heterosexual desire is "normal"]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Warner |first1=Michael |title=Fear of a queer planet: queer politics and social theory |date=2011 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]] |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |isbn=978-0-8166-2334-1 |oclc=934391034 }}{{page needed|date=July 2022}}</ref> Following [[Social constructivism|social constructivist]] developments in [[sociology]], queer theorists are often critical of what they consider [[Essentialism|essentialist]] views of [[Human sexuality|sexuality]] and [[gender]]. Instead, they study those concepts as social and cultural phenomena, often through an analysis of the categories, [[gender binary|binaries]], and language in which they are said to be portrayed.▼
▲Queer theory is a field of [[post-structuralist]] [[critical theory]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ranjan |first=Ritesh |date=July 2019 |title=QUEER THEORY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS IMPLICATION IN ART HISTORICAL READINGS |journal=International Journal of Current Innovation Research and Studies |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |location=Maryland Heights, Missouri |volume=2 |issue=2 |url=http://www.ijciras.com/PublishedPaper/IJCIRAS1287.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Theory |url=https://www.sexualdiversity.org/edu/theory/ |website=sexualdiversity.org |date=January 2019 |quote=Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of the fields of queer studies and women's studies. |access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is Queer Theory? |url=https://libraryguides.fullerton.edu/c.php?g=1134908&p=8436083 |website=California State University, Fullerton Library |quote=Queer theory is a critical theory that examines and critiques society's definitions of gender and sexuality, with the goal of revealing the social and power structures at play in our everyday lives. |access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref> that emerged in the early 1990s out of [[queer studies]] (formerly often known as [[gay]] and [[lesbian]] studies) and [[women's studies]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chandler |first1=Daniel |last2=Munday |first2=Rod |title=A Dictionary of Media and Communication |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-956875-8 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199568758.001.0001/acref-9780199568758-e-2220 |chapter=queer theory }}</ref> The term "queer theory" can have various meanings depending upon its usage, but has been broadly associated with the study and theorization of gender and sexual practices that exist outside of [[heterosexuality]], and which challenge [[Heteronormativity|the notion that heterosexual desire is "normal"]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Warner |first1=Michael |title=Fear of a queer planet: queer politics and social theory |date=2011 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]] |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |isbn=978-0-8166-2334-1 |oclc=934391034 }}{{page needed|date=July 2022}}</ref> Following [[Social constructivism|social constructivist]] developments in [[sociology]], queer theorists are often critical of what they consider [[Essentialism|essentialist]] views of [[Human sexuality|sexuality]] and [[gender]]. Instead, they study those concepts as social and cultural phenomena, often through an analysis of the categories, [[gender binary|binaries]], and language in which they are said to be portrayed.
==History==
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==Definition==
The term "Queer' itself intentionally remains loosely defined in order to encompass the difficult-to-categorize spectrum of gender, sexuality and romantic attraction. Similarly, queer theory remains difficult to objectively define as academics from various disciplines have contributed varying understanding of the term. At its core, queer theory relates to queer people, their lived experience and how their lived experience is culturally or politically perceived. Specifically referring to the marginalization of queer people. This thinking is then applied to various fields of thinking.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Yep |first=Gust |url=http://0-search.ebscohost.com.librarycat.risd.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=799901&site=eds-live&scope=site |title=Queer Theory and Communication : From Disciplining Queers to Queering the Discipline(s) |date=2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-56023-276-6 |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |language=English}}</ref>{{quote|Queer theory and politics necessarily celebrate transgression in the form of visible difference from norms. These 'Norms' are then exposed to be norms, not natures or inevitabilities. Gender and sexual identities are seen, in much of this work, to be demonstrably defiant definitions and configurations.|Jay Stewart<ref name="BergmanBarker">{{cite book |last1=Stewart |first1=Jay |editor1-last=Richards |editor1-first=Christina |editor2-last=Bouman |editor2-first=Walter Pierre |editor3-last=Barker |editor3-first=Meg-John |title=Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders |date=2017 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-51052-5 |page=62 |url=https://transreads.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2019-03-17_5c8df4095641a_christina-richards-genderqueer-and-nonbinary-genders-11.pdf |chapter=Academic Theory |series=Critical and Applied Approaches in Sexuality, Gender and Identity |access-date=8 April 2021 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926010649/https://transreads.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2019-03-17_5c8df4095641a_christina-richards-genderqueer-and-nonbinary-genders-11.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
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