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Line 1: {{~~short~~Short description\|Greek goddess of spring and the queen of the underworld}} {{About\|the Greek goddess}} {{Use dmy dates\|date= March 2022}} Line 8: \| alt = \| caption = Statue of [[Syncretism\|syncretic]] Persephone-[[Isis]] with a [[sistrum]]. [[Heraklion]] Archaeological Museum, [[Crete]] \| god_of = {{unbulleted list\|Queen of the underworld\|Goddess of ~~spring,~~ the dead, the underworld, grain, and nature}} \| abode = The [[Greek underworld\|underworld]] \| symbol = Pomegranate, seeds of grain, torch, flowers, and deer Line 14: \| parents = [[Zeus]] and [[Demeter]]<br />[[Zeus]] and [[Rhea (Greek mythology)\|Rhea]] {{small\|([[Orphic]])}} \| siblings = Several [[Zeus#Offspring\|paternal half-siblings]] and [[Demeter#Lineage, consorts, and offspring\|maternal half-siblings]] \| children = {{unbulleted list\|[[Melinoë]]\|[[Zagreus]] / [[Dionysus#Orphism\|Dionysus]] {{small\|(Orphic)}}<ref>Gantz (1996) p. 118</ref><ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA35 p. 35] {{Webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100756/https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA35 \|date=10 February 2023 }}</ref><ref>Grimal, s.v. Zagreus, p. 456.</ref>\|[[Erinyes]] {{small\|(Orphic)}}<ref>''[[Orphic Hymns]] 29 to Persephone'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=rvSuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 11] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100756/https://books.google.com/books?id=rvSuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 \|date=10 February 2023 }} (Athanassakis and Wolkow, pp. 26–27).</ref><ref>''[[Orphic Hymns]] 70 to the [[Erinyes]]'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=rvSuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 4-5] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100756/https://books.google.com/books?id=rvSuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 \|date=10 February 2023 }} (Athanassakis and Wolkow, pp. ~~56–57~~56–57).</ref>}}<!-- ~~please~~Please do not add [[Macaria]] as her daughter unless citing a reliable source that Persephone is her mother. --> \| mount = \| Roman_equivalent = [[Proserpina]] Line 22: {{Special characters}} {{Ancient Greek religion}} [[File:Dionysos and Cora-Hermitage.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|Persephone and Dionysos. Roman copy after a Greek original of the ~~4th-3rd~~4th–3rd century B.C. Marble. [[Hermitage Museum\|Hermitage]].]] In ancient [[Greek mythology]] and [[Ancient Greek religion\|religion]], '''Persephone''' ({{IPAc-en\|p\|ər\|ˈ\|s\|ɛ\|f\|ə\|n\|iː}} {{respell\|pər\|SEF\|ə\|nee}}; {{lang-gr\|Περσεφόνη\|Persephónē}}), also called '''Kore''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|k\|ɔər\|iː}} {{respell\|KOR\|ee}}; {{lang-gr\|Κόρη\|Kórē\|the maiden}}) or '''Cora''', is the daughter of [[Zeus]] and [[Demeter]]. She became the queen of the [[Greek underworld\|underworld]] after her [[Rape of Persephone\|abduction]] by her uncle [[Hades]], the king of the underworld, who would later also take her into marriage.<ref name=Nilsson462>{{cite book \|first=Martin \|last=Nilsson \|year=1967 \|title=Die Geschichte der Griechische Religion \|lang=de \|trans-title=The Stories of the Greek Religion \|volume=I \|pages=462–463, 479–480}}</ref> Line 33 ⟶ 34: ==Name== In a [[Linear B]] [[Mycenaean Greek]] inscription on a tablet found at [[Pylos]] dated 1400–1200 BC, [[John Chadwick]] reconstructed{{efn\|The actual word in [[Linear B]] is {{lang\|gmy\|{{script\|Linb\|𐀟𐀩𐁚}}}}, ''pe-re-82'' or ''pe-re-swa''; it is found on the [[Pylos\|PY]] Tn 316 tablet.<ref>{{cite web \|title=pe-re-82 \|work=Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B \|last=Raymoure \|first=K.A. \|publisher=Deaditerranean \|url=http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/pe/pe-re-82/ \|access-date=19 March 2014 \|archive-date=5 July 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705083930/http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/pe/pe-re-82/ }} {{cite web \|title=PY 316 Tn (44) \|website=DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo \|publisher=[[University of Oslo]] \|url=https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/4985 \|access-date=19 March 2014 \|archive-date=14 March 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314010920/https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/4985 \|url-status=live }}</ref>}} the name of a goddess, ''Preswa'', who could be identified with [[Perse (mythology)\|Perse]], daughter of [[Oceanus]], and found speculative the further identification with the first element of Persephone.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Chadwick \|first=John \|author-link=John Chadwick \|year=1976 \|title=The Mycenaean World \|location=Cambridge, UK \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=0-521-29037-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RMj7M_tGaNMC&pg=PA95 \|page=95 \|access-date=3 October 2020 \|archive-date=10 February 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100756/https://books.google.com/books?id=RMj7M_tGaNMC&pg=PA95 \|url-status=live }} At Google Books.</ref>{{efn\|Comments about the goddess ''pe-re-82'' of [[Pylos]] tablet Tn 316, tentatively reconstructed as ''Preswa'' :"It is tempting to see ... the classical Perse ... daughter of [[Oceanus]] ... ; whether it may be further identified with the first element of Persephone is only speculative."<ref>[[John Chadwick]]. ''Documents in Mycenean Greek''. Second Edition</ref>}} ''Persephonē'' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: {{lang\|grc\|Περσεφόνη}}) is her name in the [[Ionic Greek]] of [[Epic poetry\|epic]] literature. The Homeric form of her name is ''Persephoneia'' ({{lang\|grc\|Περσεφονεία}},<ref name="Homer1899">{{cite book \|author=[[Homer]] \|title=Odyssey \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-ZDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP230 \|access-date=31 March 2014 \|year=1899 \|publisher=Clarendon Press \|page=230}}</ref> ''Persephoneia''). In other dialects, she was known under variant names: ''Persephassa'' ({{lang\|grc\|Περσεφάσσα}}), ''Persephatta'' ({{lang\|grc\|Περσεφάττα}}), or simply ''Korē'' ({{lang\|grc\|Κόρη}}, "girl, maiden").<ref>H.G. Liddell and R. Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon''</ref> On 5th century Attic vases one often encounters the form ({{lang\|grc\|Φερρϖφάττα}}) [[Plato]] calls her ''Pherepapha'' (~~{{math\|~~{{lang\|grc\|Φερέπαφα}}}}) in his [[Cratylus (dialogue)\|''Cratylus'']], "because she is wise and touches that which is in motion". There are also the forms ''Periphona'' ({{~~math~~lang\|grc\|Πηριφόνα}}) and ''Phersephassa'' ({{lang\|grc\|Φερσέφασσα}}). The existence of so many different forms shows how difficult it was for the Greeks to pronounce the word in their own language and suggests that the name may have a [[Pre-Greek substrate\|Pre-Greek origin]].<ref>Martin P. Nilsson (1967), ''Die Geschichte der Griechische Religion'', Volume I, C.F. Beck Verlag, p. 474.</ref> The etymology of the word 'Persephone' is obscure. According to a recent hypothesis advanced by Rudolf Wachter, the first element in the name (''Perso''- ({{lang\|grc\|Περσο-}}) may well reflect a very rare term, attested in the [[Rig Veda]] (Sanskrit ''parṣa-''), and the [[Avesta]], meaning 'sheaf of corn' / 'ear [of grain]'. The second constituent, ''phatta'', preserved in the form ''Persephatta'' ({{lang\|grc\|Περσεφάττα}}), would in this view reflect [[Proto-Indo-European]] ''{{PIE\|-gʷn-t-ih}}'', from the root ''{{PIE\|gʷʰen-}}'' "to strike / beat / kill". The combined sense would therefore be "she who beats the ears of corn", i.e., a "thresher of grain".<ref>[[Jan Bremmer\|Jan N. Bremmer]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=5I_HDwAAQBAJ&dq=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek%2B+Beekes%2BPersephone&pg=PA74 ''The World of Greek Religion and Mythology:Collected Essays II,''] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100804/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_World_of_Greek_Religion_and_Mytholog/5I_HDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek%2B+Beekes%2BPersephone&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover \|date=10 February 2023 }} [[Mohr Siebeck]] 2019 {{isbn\|978-3-161-54451-4}} p.75.</ref><ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes\|Beekes, R.S.P.]], (2009), ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', [[Brill Publishers\|Brill]], vol.2, pp.1179–80.</ref> Line 98 ⟶ 99: [[File:Rape of Prosepina September 2015-3a.jpg\|thumb\|right\|260px\|''[[The Rape of Proserpina]]'' by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]] (1621–22) at the [[Galleria Borghese]] in Rome.]] Another version of the myth said that when Persephone was first brought to the underworld, she was not happy with Hades abducting and marrying her, but eventually came to love him when he treated her as his equal.<ref>{{Cite video \|last=Zarka \|first=Emily \|date=April 26, 2022 \|title=Persephone: Bringer of Life or Destruction? \|publisher=PBS \|url=https://www.pbs.org/video/persephone-bringer-of-life-or-destruction-vy3iox/\|access-date=December 27, 2023}}</ref> When Hades was informed of Zeus' command to return Persephone, he complied with the request, but he first tricked her into eating [[pomegranate]] seeds.{{efn\|The ''[[Homeric Hymns\|Homeric Hymn to Demeter]]'', has Persephone tell Demeter: "he secretly put in my mouth sweet food, a pomegranate seed ({{math\|ῥοιῆς κόκκον}}), and forced me to taste against my will."<ref>N.J. Richardson, [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg002.perseus-eng ''The Homeric Hymn to Demeter'']{{Dead link\|date=October 2023 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}, [[Clarendon Press]] 1974 lines 370-372, 411–412 pp.125, 129, 275,286-287.</ref> Gantz describes this as a "trick".<ref>Gantz (1996) p. 65</ref>}} [[Hermes]] was sent to retrieve Persephone but, because she had tasted the food of the underworld, she was obliged to spend a third of each year (the winter months) there, and the remaining part of the year with the gods above.<ref>Gantz (1996) p. 65.</ref> With the later writers Ovid and Hyginus, Persephone's time in the underworld becomes half the year.<ref>Gantz (1996) p. 67.</ref> It was explained to Demeter, her mother, that she would be released, so long as she did not taste the food of the underworld, as that was an Ancient Greek example of a [[Taboo#In religion and mythology\|taboo]]. In some versions, [[Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)\|Ascalaphus]] informed the other deities that Persephone had eaten the pomegranate seeds. As punishment for informing Hades, he was pinned under a heavy rock in the underworld by either Persephone or Demeter until [[Heracles]] later freed him causing Demeter to turn him into a [[Horned owl\|eagle owl]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)\|Apollodorus]], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D3 1.5.3] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616052109/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D3 \|date=16 June 2022 }}; [[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' 5.533-371</ref> Line 149 ⟶ 150: [[File:The Abduction of Persephone by Pluto, Amphipolis.jpg\|thumb\|left\|A [[mosaic]] of the [[Kasta Tomb]] in [[Amphipolis]] depicting the abduction of Persephone by [[Pluto (mythology)\|Pluto]], 4th century BC]] After a plague hit [[Aonia]], its people asked the ~~[[Pythia\|Oracle~~oracle of ~~Delphi]]~~Apollo Gortynius, and they were told they needed to appease the anger of the king and queen of the underworld by means of sacrifice of two willing maidens. Two maidens, [[Menippe and Metioche]] (who were the daughters of [[Orion (mythology)\|Orion]]), were chosen and they agreed to be offered to the two gods in order to save their country. AsAfter the two ofgirls ~~them~~sacrificed ~~were~~themselves ~~led~~with totheir ~~the altar to be sacrificed~~shuttles, Persephone and Hades took pity on them and turned ~~them~~their dead bodies into [[comets]] ~~instead~~.<ref>[[Antoninus Liberalis]], ''Metamorphoses'' [https://topostext.org/work/216#25 25] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002180842/https://topostext.org/work/216#25 \|date=2 October 2018 }}</ref> [[Minthe]] was a [[Naiad]] [[nymph]] of the [[Potamoi\|river]] [[Cocytus]] who became mistress to Persephone's husband [[Hades]]. Persephone was not slow to notice and, in jealousy, she trampled the nymph, killing her and turning her into a [[Mentha\|mint plant]].<ref>[[Strabo]], ''[[Geographica]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+8.3.14&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198 8.3.14] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616050910/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+8.3.14&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198 \|date=16 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/trans/Metamorph10.htm#484521431 10.728] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812221358/https://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/trans/Metamorph10.htm#484521431 \|date=12 August 2021 }}</ref> Alternatively, Persephone tore Minthe to pieces for sleeping with Hades, and it was he who turned his former lover into the sweet-smelling plant.<ref>[[Scholia]] ad [[Nicander\|Nicandri]] ''Alexipharmaca'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy2LWzF4v3oC&pg=PA212 375] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100802/https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy2LWzF4v3oC&pg=PA212 \|date=10 February 2023 }}</ref> In another version, Minthe had been Hades's lover before he met Persephone. When Minthe claims Hades will return to her due to her beauty, Persephone's mother [[Demeter]] kills Minthe over the insult done to her daughter.<ref>[[Oppian]], ''Halieutica'' [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Oppian/Halieutica/3.html#482 3.485] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100756/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Oppian/Halieutica/3%2A.html#482 \|date=10 February 2023 }}</ref> Line 155 ⟶ 156: Theophile was a girl who claimed that Hades loved her and that she was better than Persephone.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/182847\|title=CIRB 130 - PHI Greek Inscriptions\|access-date=19 October 2021\|archive-date=19 October 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019201819/https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/182847\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url = https://sententiaeantiquae.com/2020/03/17/hades-newest-bride-a-remarkable-epitaph-2/\|title = Hades' Newest Bride: A Remarkable Epitaph\|date = 17 March 2020\|access-date = 19 October 2021\|archive-date = 19 October 2021\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211019201821/https://sententiaeantiquae.com/2020/03/17/hades-newest-bride-a-remarkable-epitaph-2/\|url-status = live}}</ref> Once, [[Hermes]] chased Persephone (or [[Hecate]]) with the aim to rape her; but the goddess snored or roared in anger, frightening him off so that he desisted, hence her earning the name "[[Brimo]]" ("angry").<ref>[[John Tzetzes\|Tzetzes]] ad [[Lycophron]], [https://~~books~~topostext.~~google.com~~org/~~books?id=DDxEAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA29~~work/860#1176 1176~~, 1211~~] ~~{{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100802/~~[https://books.google.com/books?id=DDxEAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA29 ~~\|date=10~~(Latin ~~February 2023 }}~~text)]; Heslin, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WhJbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 p. 39] ~~{{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100802/https://books.google.com/books?id=WhJbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 \|date=10 February 2023 }}.~~</ref> === Favour myths === Line 242 ⟶ 243: [[File:Hades abducting Persephone.jpg\|thumb\|upright=1.5\|[[Hades]] abducting Persephone, wall painting in the small royal tomb at [[Vergina]]. [[Macedonia (Greece)\|Macedonia]], Greece]] Evidence from both the Orphic Hymns and the [[Totenpass\|Orphic Gold Leaves]] demonstrate that Persephone was one of the most important deities worshiped in [[Orphism (religion)\|Orphism]].<ref name=bremmer>Bremmer, J.N. (2013). Divinities in the Orphic Gold Leaves: Euklês, Eubouleus, Brimo, Kybele, Kore and Persephone. ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'', 35–48.</ref> In the Orphic religion, gold leaves with verses intended to help the deceased enter into an optimal afterlife were often buried with the dead. Persephone is mentioned frequently in these tablets, along with Demeter and Euklês, which may be another name for [[Plouton]].<ref name=bremmer/> The ideal afterlife destination believers strive for is described on some leaves as the "sacred meadows and groves of Persephone". Other gold leaves describe Persephone's role in receiving and sheltering the dead, in such lines as "I dived under the ''kolpos'' [portion of a Peplos folded over the belt] of the Lady, the Chthonian Queen", an image evocative of a child hiding under its mother's apron.<ref name=bremmer/> In Orphism, Persephone is believed to be the mother of the first Dionysus. In Orphic myth, Zeus came to Persephone in her bedchamber in the underworld and impregnated her with the child who would become his successor. The infant Dionysus was later dismembered by the [[Titan (mythology)\|Titans]], before being reborn as the second Dionysus, who wandered the earth spreading his mystery cult before ascending to the heavens with his second mother, [[Semele]].<ref name=Edmonds-2011/> The first, "Orphic" Dionysus is sometimes referred to with the alternate name Zagreus ({{lang-grc-gre\|Ζαγρεύς}}). The earliest mentions of this name in literature describe him as a partner of Gaia and call him the highest god. The Greek poet [[Aeschylus]] considered Zagreus either an alternate name for Hades, or his son (presumably born to Persephone).<ref>Sommerstein, [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.237.xml?result=1&rskey=f0foz8 p. 237 n. 1] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111094854/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.237.xml?result=1&rskey=f0foz8 \|date=11 January 2022 }}; Gantz (1996) p. 118; Smyth, [https://archive.org/stream/aeschyluswitheng02aescuoft#page/458/mode/2up p. 459].</ref> Scholar [[Timothy Gantz]] noted that Hades was often considered an alternate, cthonic form of Zeus, and suggested that it is likely Zagreus was originally the son of Hades and Persephone, who was later merged with the Orphic Dionysus, the son of Zeus and Persephone, owing to the identification of the two fathers as the same being.<ref>[[Timothy Gantz\|Gantz]] (1996) p. 118.</ref> However, no known Orphic sources use the name "Zagreus" to refer to Dionysus. It is possible that the association between the two was known by the 3rd century BC, when the poet [[Callimachus]] may have written about it in a now-lost source.<ref>[[Timothy Gantz\|Gantz]] (1996) pp. 118–119; West (1983) pp. 152–154; Linforth, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015008294699;view=1up;seq=335 pp. 309–311] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125231114/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015008294699;view=1up;seq=335 \|date=25 January 2021 }}.</ref> In Orphic myth, the Eumenides are attributed as daughters of Persephone and Zeus.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Mastros \|first=Sara \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvSuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 \|title=Orphic Hymns Grimoire \|date=2019 \|publisher=Lulu.com \|isbn=978-1-7330961-7-1 \|language=en \|access-date=9 December 2022 \|archive-date=10 February 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100756/https://books.google.com/books?id=rvSuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 \|url-status=live }}</ref> Whereas Melinoë was conceived as the result of rape when Zeus disguised himself as Hades in order to mate with Persephone, the Eumenides' origin is unclear.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Edmonds \|first=Radcliffe G. III \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CR9aAQAAQBAJ \|title=Redefining Ancient Orphism: A study in Greek religion \|date=2013-11-07 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-1-107-03821-9 \|page=178 \|language=en \|access-date=9 December 2022 \|archive-date=9 December 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209161428/https://books.google.com/books/about/Redefining_Ancient_Orphism.html?id=CR9aAQAAQBAJ \|url-status=live }}</ref> Line 297 ⟶ 298: {{Main\|Persephone in popular culture}} Persephone also appears many times in popular culture. Modern retellings of the myth sometimes depict Persephone as at first unhappy with Hades abducting and marrying her, but eventually loving him when he treated her as his equal.<ref>{{Cite video \|last=Zarka \|first=Emily \|date=April 26, 2022 \|title=Persephone: Bringer of Life or Destruction? \|publisher=PBS \|url=https://www.pbs.org/video/persephone-bringer-of-life-or-destruction-vy3iox/\|access-date=December 27, 2023}}</ref> Featured in a variety of novels such as ''Persephone '' <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15724908-persephone\|title=Persephone (Daughters of Zeus, #1)\|access-date=4 July 2012\|archive-date=15 July 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715011639/http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15724908-persephone\|url-status=live}}</ref> by Kaitlin Bevis, '' A Touch of Darkness '' by Scarlett St. Clair, ''Persephone's Orchard''<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17790646-persephone-s-orchard \|title=Persephone's Orchard \|access-date=25 November 2016 \|archive-date=20 August 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820073206/http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17790646-persephone-s-orchard \|url-status=live }}</ref> by Molly Ringle, ''The Goddess Test'' by Aimee Carter, ''The Goddess Letters'' by Carol Orlock, ''Abandon'' by Meg Cabot, ''Neon Gods'' by Katee Robert and ''[[Lore Olympus]]'' by Rachel Smythe, her story has also been treated by Suzanne Banay Santo in ''Persephone Under the Earth'' in the light of women's spirituality; portraying Persephone not as a victim but as a woman in quest of sexual depth and power, transcending the role of daughter, though ultimately returning to it as an awakened Queen.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Persephone Under the Earth\|publisher=Red Butterfly Publications\|author=Santo, Suzanne Banay\|year=2012\|isbn=978-0-9880914-0-5}}</ref> == Jungian Interpretation == Line 401 ⟶ 402: [[Category:Children of Demeter]] [[Category:Nature goddesses]] [[Category:~~Harvest~~Agricultural goddesses]] [[Category:Food goddesses]] [[Category:Death goddesses]]