Portico: Difference between revisions

{{more citations needed|article|date=December 2007}}

 

[[File:Peripteros-Plan-Pronaos-bjs.png|225px|thumb|Temple diagram with location of the pronaos highlighted]]

 

A '''pronaos''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|p|r|oʊ|ˈ|n|eɪ|.|ɒ|s}} or {{IPAc-en|US|p|r|oʊ|ˈ|n|eɪ|.|ə|s}}) is the inner area of the portico of a [[Greek temple|Greek]] or [[Roman temple]], situated between the portico's colonnade or walls and the entrance to the ''[[cella]]'', or shrine. Roman temples commonly had an open pronaos, usually with only columns and no walls, and the pronaos could be as long as the ''cella''. The word ''pronaos'' ({{lang|grc|{{Script|Grek|πρόναος}}}}) is [[Greek language|Greek]] for "before a temple". In [[Latin]], a pronaos is also referred to as an ''anticum'' or ''prodomus''.

 

The different variants of porticos are named by the number of columns they have. The "style" suffix comes from the Greek {{lang|grc|{{script|Grek|στῦλος}}}}, "column".<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Decastyle |volume=7 |page=910}}</ref>

 

 

The [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] favoured the four columned portico for their [[pseudoperipteral]] temples like the [[Temple of Portunus]], and for amphiprostyle temples such as the [[Temple of Venus and Roma]], and for the [[prostyle]] entrance porticos of large public buildings like the [[Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine]]. Roman provincial capitals also manifested tetrastyle construction, such as the [[Capitoline Temple]] in [[Volubilis]].

The North Portico of the [[White House]] is perhaps the most notable four-columned portico in the United States.

 

 

Some well-known examples of classical Doric hexastyle [[Greek temple]]s:

* The [[Temple of Aphaea]] at [[Aegina]] ''c.''&nbsp;495&nbsp;BCE

* The [[Temple of Zeus, Olympia|Temple of Zeus at Olympia]], now a ruin

* Temple&nbsp;F or the so-called "[[Temple of Concord]]" at [[Agrigentum]] (''c.''&nbsp;430&nbsp;BCE), one of the best-preserved classical Greek temples, retaining almost all of its [[peristyle]] and [[entablature]]

* The "unfinished temple" at [[Segesta]] (''c.''&nbsp;430&nbsp;BCE)

* The Temple of [[Poseidon]] on Cape [[Sunium]] (''c.''&nbsp;449&nbsp;BCE)<ref>W. Burkert, ''Greek Religion'' (1987)</ref>

 

Hexastyle was also applied to [[Ionic order|Ionic]] temples, such as the prostyle porch of the sanctuary of Athena on the [[Erechtheum]], at the [[Acropolis of Athens]].

 

 

 

 

The only known Roman decastyle portico is on the [[Temple of Venus and Roma]], built by Hadrian in about 130&nbsp;CE.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sturgis, Russell |year=1901 |chapter=Decastyle |title=A Dictionary of Architecture and Building: Biographical, Historical and Descriptive |publisher=Macmillan |volume=1 |page=755 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdkjAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA755 }}</ref>

 

 

Κνωσός 0624.jpg|[[Minoan civilization#Architecture|Minoan]] portico of the [[Knossos]] Palace ([[Crete]], Greece)

Athens Acropolis Temple of Athena 02.jpg|[[Ancient Greek architecture|Ancient Greek]] portico with [[Ionic order|Ionic]] columns of the [[Temple of Athena Nike]] ([[Athens]], Greece)

File:Model of an Etruscan temple, it was constructed between 1889 and 1890 on the basis of the ruins found in Alatri, National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia, Rome (32614445355).jpg|[[Etruscan architecture|Etruscan]] portico of a temple model (now in [[National Etruscan Museum]] of [[Villa Giulia]], Rome)

Maison Carree in Nimes (11).jpg|[[Ancient Roman architecture|Ancient Roman]] portico of the [[Maison Carrée]] ([[Nîmes]], France)

La Grande Mosquée de Kairouan 05.JPG|[[Islamic architecture|Islamic]] portico of the [[Great Mosque of Kairouan]] ([[Kairouan]], [[Tunisia]])

1Temple 17 - Buddhist Monument - Sanchi Hill 2013-02-21 4493-2.jpg|[[Indian architecture|Indian]] portico of the Sanchi Temple 17 ([[Sanchi]], India)

Forbiddencityviewpic13.jpg|[[Chinese architecture|Chinese]] portico of the [[Forbidden City]] ([[Beijing]], China)

Claustro de Santo Domingo de Silos. Panda sur.jpg|[[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] portico of the [[Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos]] ([[Santo Domingo de Silos]], Spain)

Chartres Cathedral North Porch NW 2007 08 31.jpg|[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] portico of the [[Chartres Cathedral]] ([[Chartres]], France)

4, Strada Stavropoleos, Bucharest (Romania) 1.jpg|[[Brâncovenesc style|Brâncovenesc]] portico of the [[Stavropoleos Monastery|Stavropoleos Church]] ([[Bucharest]], [[Romania]])

07-Villa-Rotonda-Palladio.jpg|[[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] portico of the [[Villa Capra "La Rotonda"]] ([[Vicenza]], [[Veneto]], Italy)

P1040021 Paris Ier Palais du Louvre façade orientale rwk.JPG|[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] porticos of the [[Louvre Colonnade]] (Paris)

File:Petit Trianon, théâtre de la Reine, entrée.jpg|[[Louis XVI style|Louis XVI]] portico of the Théâtre de la reine, part of the [[Petit Trianon]] (France)

Paris Palais Légion-d'Honneur Cour 2014.jpg|[[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] portico of the [[Palais de la Légion d'Honneur]] (Paris)

29, Strada Matei Basarab, Bucharest (Romania).jpg|[[Romanian Revival architecture|Romanian Revival]] portico of the Ștefan Lilovici House (Bucharest)

File:Bologna san luca-5.jpg|The Portico of San Luca in [[Bologna]], [[Italy]], which is possibly the world's longest.<ref>{{cite news|last=Caird|first=Joe|title=Bologna city guide: top five sights|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/citybreaks/4223609/Bologna-city-guide-top-five-sights.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/citybreaks/4223609/Bologna-city-guide-top-five-sights.html |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=1 June 2013|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=16 January 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

 

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* {{Annotated link |Classical architecture}}

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{{Reflist}}

 

* {{cite encyclopedia |article=Greek architecture |title=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |year=1968 }}

* {{cite book |author=Stierlin, Henri |title=Greece: From Mycenae to the Parthenon |publisher=[[Taschen]] |year=2004 |editor=Angelika Taschen |editor-link=Angelika Taschen |place=Cologne |isbn=3-8228-1225-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/greecefrommycena0000stie }}

* {{cite book |author=Stierlin, Henri |title=The Roman Empire: From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire |publisher=[[Taschen]] |year=2002 |editor=Silvia Kinkle |place=Cologne|isbn=3-8228-1778-3 }}

 

{{Wiktionary|portico}}