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{{More citations|date=August 2022}}
{{Short description|Dutch politician (1921–2008)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
|name = Norbert Schmelzer
|image = Schmelzer, Norbert - SFA005000409.jpg
|imagesize =
|caption =
|office = [[List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
|term_start = 6 July 1971
Line 15 ⟶ 17:
|term_start1 = 11 May 1971
|term_end1 = 6 July 1971
|parliamentarygroup1=
|office2 = [[
|term_start2 = 7 December 1963
|term_end2 = 28 April 1971
|predecessor2 = [[Wim de Kort]]
|successor2 = [[
|parliamentarygroup2=
|office3 = [[Catholic People's Party|Leader of the Catholic People's Party]]
|term_start3 = 7 December 1963
|term_end3 =
|deputy3 = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Cor Kleisterlee Jr.]] <small>(1963–1971)</small> <br/> [[Piet Aalberse Jr.]] <small>(1963–1969)</small> <br/> [[Piet Engels]] <small>(1969–1971)</small> <br/> [[Gerard Veringa]] <small>(1971)</small>}}
|predecessor3 = [[Wim de Kort]]
|successor3 = [[Gerard Veringa]]
|office4 = [[Member of parliament|Member]] of the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]]
|term_start4 = 2 July 1963
|term_end4 = 11 May 1971
|term_start5 = 20 March 1959
|term_end5 = 19 May 1959
|parliamentarygroup5=
|office6 = [[Ministry of
|term_start6 = 19 May 1959
|term_end6 = 24 July 1963
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|predecessor6 = ''Office established''
|successor6 = ''Office abolished''
|office7 = [[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands
|term_start7 =
|term_end7 = 19 May 1959
|primeminister7 = [[Willem Drees]] <small>(1956–1958)</small> <br/> [[Louis Beel]] <small>(1958–1959)</small>
|predecessor7 = ''Office established''
|successor7 = [[Theo Bot]] <br/> <small>as State Secretary for the Interior</small>
|birthname = Wilhelm Klaus Norbert Schmelzer
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1921|03|22
|birth_place = [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2008|11|14|1921|03|22
|death_place = [[Sankt Ingbert]], [[Germany]]
|nationality =
|party = [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] <br/> <small>(from 1980)</small>
|otherparty = [[Catholic People's Party]] <br/> <small>(1952–1980)</small>
|spouse = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|Carla Mutsaerts|26 January 1950|12 February 1977|reason=divorced}}
*{{marriage|Daphne Mary Nieuwenhuizen|1 August 1977}}
}}
|children = 3 sons and 2 daughters <br/> (first marriage)
|residence =
|alma_mater = [[Tilburg University|Tilburg Catholic Economic University]] <br/> <small>([[Bachelor of Economics]], [[Master of Economics]])</small>
|occupation = [[Politician]] · [[Diplomat]] · [[Civil service|Civil servant]] · [[Economist]] · [[Board of directors|Corporate director]] · [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit director]] · [[Pundit|Political pundit]] · [[Lobbying|Lobbyist]] · [[Composer]] · [[Poet]] · [[Author]]
|signature =
}}
'''Wilhelm Klaus Norbert
==Early career==
Schmelzer attended the gymnasium of the Jesuit [[Aloysius College, The Hague|Sint Aloysius College]]<!-- He was a classmate of my father 1933-1939. They both appeared in Koos Postema's tv show 'Klasgenoten' . If you google that you fill find it marked with the right school name (Aloysius) but wrong date (1946). In my archive I have a school list of Eindexamencandidaten 1939 with both their names on it. --> in The Hague from June 1933 until July 1939 and applied at the [[Tilburg University|Tilburg Catholic Economic University]] in July 1939 [[Major (academic)|majoring]] in [[Economics]]. On 10 May 1940 [[Nazi Germany]] [[Battle of the Netherlands|invaded]] the Netherlands and the [[Dutch government-in-exile|government]] fled to [[London]] to escape the [[Netherlands in World War II|German occupation]]. During the German occupation Schmelzer continued his study obtaining an [[Bachelor of Economics]] degree in June 1941 before graduating with an [[Master of Economics]] degree in September 1945. Schmelzer worked as a civil servant for the [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)|Ministry of Economic Affairs]] from February 1947 until October 1956 for the department for Financial and Economic Policy from February 1947 until August 1951 and the department for European and International Policy from August 1951 until October 1956.
==Political career==
[[File:Schmelzer, Norbert - SFA002011286.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium]], [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Queen Juliana]], [[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg]] and Minister of Foreign Affairs Norbert Schmelzer at [[Luxembourg Airport]] on 7 July 1971.]]
[[File:Minister Schmelzer (r) en Russische Ambassadeur Lavrov tekenen stukken inzake ec, Bestanddeelnr 926-1794.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Ambassador of the Soviet Union to the Netherlands [[Vladimir Lavrov]] and Minister of Foreign Affairs Norbert Schmelzer during a meeting at the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] on 25 January 1973.]]
After the [[1956 Dutch general election|election of 1956]] Schmelzer was appointed as [[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands|State Secretary for the Interior]] in the [[Third Drees cabinet|Cabinet Drees III]], taking office on 29 October 1956. The Cabinet Drees III fell on 11 December 1958 continued to serve in a [[Demissionary cabinet|demissionary]] capacity until the [[Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation of 1958]] when it was replaced by the [[Caretaker government|caretaker]] [[Second Beel cabinet|Cabinet Beel II]] with Schmelzer continuing as State Secretary for the Interior, taking office on 22 December 1958. Schmelzer was elected as a member of the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] at the [[1959 Dutch general election|election of 1959]], taking office on 20 March. Following the [[Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]] of 1959, Schmelzer was appointed as [[Ministry of General Affairs|State Secretary for General Affairs]] in the [[De Quay cabinet|Cabinet De Quay]], taking office on 19 May 1959. The office of State Secretary for General Affairs was created specially for Schmelzer and was considered as a ''[[de facto]]'' [[Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Deputy Prime Minister]]. After the [[1963 Dutch general election|election of 1963]] Schmelzer returned as a member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 2 July 1963. Following the [[Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]] of 1963 Schmelzer per his own request asked not to be considered for a cabinet post in the new [[Marijnen cabinet|cabinet]]. He was seen as a rising star by the [[Catholic People's Party]]'s leadership and was considered as the [[Favorite son|favourite son]] to succeed [[Wim de Kort]] as the next [[Catholic People's Party|Leader of the Catholic People's Party]]. The Cabinet De Quay was replaced by the [[Marijnen cabinet|Cabinet Marijnen]] on 24 July 1963 he continued serving in the House of Representatives as a [[frontbencher]].
In November 1963 the Leader of the Catholic People's Party and [[parliamentary leader]] in the House of Representatives [[Wim de Kort]] announced he was stepping down as leader and parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives. The party leadership approached Schmelzer to be his successor, who accepted and became the leader and parliamentary leader, taking office on 7 December 1963. On 27 February 1965 the Cabinet Marijnen fell and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity and Schmelzer was appointed as [[formateur]]. Following a failed cabinet formation attempt he approached former [[List of Ministers of Education of the Netherlands|Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences]] [[Jo Cals]] as a candidate for Prime Minister, Cals accepted and was appointed as formateur to form a new cabinet. The following [[Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]] of 1965 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Catholic People's Party, the [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]] (PvdA) and the [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]] (ARP) which formed the [[Cals cabinet|Cabinet Cals]] on 14 April 1965.
On 14 October 1966 Schmelzer proposed a [[Motion (parliamentary procedure)|motion]] in the House of Representatives that called for a stronger financial and economic policy to further reduce the [[Government budget balance|deficit]] from the Cabinet Cals, Prime Minister [[Jo Cals|Cals]] saw this as an indirect [[motion of no confidence]] from his own party against his [[Cals cabinet|cabinet]] and announced the resignation of the [[Cals cabinet|cabinet]] that same day, the crisis would [[eponym]]ous be called the ''Nacht van Schmelzer'' ("Night of Schmelzer"). The Cabinet Cals continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the [[Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]] of 1966 when it was replaced by the caretaker [[Zijlstra cabinet|Cabinet Zijlstra]] on 22 November 1966.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrouwx7/kabinetscrisis_1966_de_nacht_van|title=Kabinetscrisis 1966: de Nacht van Schmelzer|publisher=Parlement & Politiek|date=10 December 2010|access-date=3 June 2019|language=nl}}</ref>
For the [[1967 Dutch general election|election of 1967]] Schmelzer served as ''[[lijsttrekker]]'' (top candidate). The Catholic People's Party suffered a small loss, losing 8 seats but retained its place as the largest party and now had 42 seats in the House of Representatives. The following [[Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]] of 1967 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Catholic People's Party, the [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]] (VVD), the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the [[Christian Historical Union]] (CHU) which formed the [[De Jong cabinet|Cabinet De Jong]] on 5 April 1967.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.geschiedenis24.nl/nieuws/2005/december/P-J-S-Piet-de-Jong.html P. J. S. (Piet) de Jong 5 April 1967 – 6 juli 1971], Geschiedenis24, 9 December 2005</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.groene.nl/2005/43/de-putschisten-zijn-onder-ons De putschisten zijn onder ons], De Groene Amsterdammer, 28 October 2005</ref> In February 1971 Schmelzer unexpectedly announced that he was stepping down as party leader and that he would not stand for the [[1971 Dutch general election|general election of 1971]] but wanted to run for the [[Senate (Netherlands)|Senate]]. Schmelzer was elected as a member of Senate after the [[Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands|Senate election of 1971]], he resigned as a member of the House of Representatives the same day he was installed as a member of Senate, taking office on 11 May 1971. Following the [[Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]] of 1971 Schmelzer was appointed as [[List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] in the [[First Biesheuvel cabinet|Cabinet Biesheuvel I]], taking office on 6 July 1971. The Cabinet Biesheuvel I fell just one year later on 19 July 1972 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker [[Second Biesheuvel cabinet|Cabinet Biesheuvel II]] with Schmelzer continuing as Minister of Foreign Affairs, taking office on 9 August 1972. In September 1972 Schmelzer announced his retirement from national politics and that he would not stand for the [[1972 Dutch general election|election of 1972]]. The Cabinet Biesheuvel II was replaced by the [[Den Uyl cabinet|Cabinet Den Uyl]] following the [[Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation of 1973]] on 11 May 1973.
==Late career==
Schmelzer retired after spending 16 years in national politics and became active in the [[private sector]] and [[public sector]]; he occupied numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards ([[Douwe Egberts]], [[AkzoNobel|Akzo]], [[Heijmans]], [[Netherlands Atlantic Association]] and the [[Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael|Institute of International Relations Clingendael]]) and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government ([[KPN]], [[Stichting Pensioenfonds Zorg en Welzijn|Public Pension Funds PFZW]] and the Cadastre Agency), as well as served as an diplomat and lobbyist for several economic delegations on behalf of the government and the [[European Economic Community]]. Schmelzer was also a prolific composer, pianist and poet having written more than a dozen compositions and poems from 1973.
Schmelzer, who joined the newly-formed [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] (CDA) in 1980, was known for his abilities as a [[debate]]r and [[Negotiation|negotiator]]. He continued to comment on political affairs until his death at the age of 87. He holds the distinction as the first State Secretary for the Interior and the first and only State Secretary for General Affairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://historiek.net/de-nacht-van-schmelzer-jo-cals/64497/|title=De Nacht die de Nederlandse politiek veranderde|publisher=Historiek.net|date=12 November 2013|access-date=27 May 2019|language=nl}}</ref>
==Decorations==
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! style="width:80px;"| Ribbon bar !! Honour !! Country !! Date !! Comment
|-
| [[File:
| [[Order (distinction)|
| [[Holy See]]
| 1957
|
|-
| [[File:
| [[
| [[Belgium]]
| 1959
|
|-
| [[File:
| [[
| [[
| 1964
|
|-
| [[File:Ordre de la couronne de Chene GO ribbon.svg|80px]]
| [[Order (distinction)|Grand Officer]] of the [[Order of the Oak Crown]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| 1969
|
|-
| [[File:POR Ordem do Merito Gra-Cruz BAR.svg|80px]]
| [[Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of Merit (Portugal)|Order of Merit]]
| [[Portugal]]
| 1971
|
|-
| [[File:ESP Isabella Catholic Order GC.svg|80px]]
| [[Grand Cross|Knight Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]]
| [[Spain]]
| 1971
|
|-
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| [[Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Order of Merit]]
| [[Germany]]
| 1971
|
|-
| [[File:UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg|80px]]
| [[Grand Cross|Honorary Knight Grand Cross]] of the <br/> [[Order of St Michael and St George]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
| 1972
|
|-
| [[File:VEN Order of the Liberator - Grand Officer BAR.png|80px]]
| [[Order (distinction)|Grand Officer]] of the [[Order of the Liberator]]
| [[Venezuela]]
| 1972
|
|-
| [[File:Order of the White Elephant - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|80px]]
| [[Grand Cross|Knight Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of the White Elephant]]
| [[Thailand]]
| 11 February 1973
|
|-
| [[File:NLD Order of the Dutch Lion - Commander BAR.png|80px]]
| [[Order (distinction)|Commander]] of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
| Netherlands
| 8 June 1973
|
|-
| [[File:NLD Order of Orange-Nassau - Knight Grand Cross BAR.png|80px]]
| [[Grand Cross|Knight Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]]
| Netherlands
| 15 March 1991
| <small>Elevated from Grand Officer (27 July 1963)</small>
|-
| [[File:Ordre national du Merite GC ribbon.svg|80px]]
| [[Grand Cross]] of the [[National Order of Merit (France)|National Order of Merit]]
| [[France]]
|
|
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;Official
* {{
* {{
{{s-start}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[
{{s-ttl|title=[[Parliamentary leader]] of the <br/> [[Catholic People's Party]] in the <br/> [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]]|years=1963–1971}}
{{s-aft|after=[[
{{s-ttl|title=[[Catholic People's Party#Leaders|Leader of the Catholic <br/> People's Party]]|years=1963–1971}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Gerard Veringa]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Wim de Kort]] <br/> [[1963 Dutch general election|1963]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Lijsttrekker]] of the <br/> [[Catholic People's Party]]|years=[[1967 Dutch general election|1967]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Gerard Veringa]] <br/> [[1971 Dutch general election|1971]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=''Office established''|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands#List of State Secretaries for the Interior|State Secretary for the Interior, <br/> Property and Public Sector <br/> Organisations]]|years=1956–1959}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Theo Bot]] <br/> <small>as State Secretary for <br/> the Interior</small>}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of General Affairs#State Secretary for General Affairs|State Secretary for General Affairs]]|years=1959–1963}}
{{s-aft|after=''Office abolished''}}
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{{Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands}}
{{State Secretaries for the Interior of the Netherlands}}
{{Second Biesheuvel cabinet}}
{{First Biesheuvel cabinet}}
{{De Quay cabinet}}
{{Second Beel cabinet}}
{{Third Drees cabinet}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Rotterdam]]
[[Category:Catholic People's Party politicians]]
[[Category:Christian Democratic Appeal politicians]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Dutch classical composers]]
[[Category:Dutch classical pianists]]
[[Category:Dutch
[[Category:Dutch
[[Category:20th-century Dutch diarists]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Germany]]
[[Category:Dutch-language poets]]
[[Category:Dutch lobbyists]]
[[Category:Dutch keyboardists]]
[[Category:Dutch male poets]]
[[Category:Dutch
[[Category:Dutch short story writers]]
[[Category:Dutch memoirists]]
[[Category:Dutch nonprofit directors]]
[[Category:Dutch officials of the European Union]]
[[Category:Dutch people of German descent]]
[[Category:Dutch political commentators]]
[[Category:Dutch political writers]]
[[Category:Dutch Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:European Union lobbyists]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Ordre national du Mérite]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit (Portugal)]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Knights of the Holy Sepulchre]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Catholic People's Party]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Diplomats from Rotterdam]]
[[Category:People from Sankt Ingbert]]
[[Category:People from Wassenaar]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Resistance Memorial Cross]]
[[Category:State Secretaries for the Interior of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Tilburg University alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Rotterdam]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch civil servants]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch diplomats]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch economists]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch politicians]]
[[Category:
[[Category:21st-century Dutch musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch poets]]
[[Category:20th-century memoirists]]
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