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{{Good article}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
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{{Infobox medical condition
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=== Risk factors ===
ME/CFS can affect people of all ages, ethnicities, and income levels, but it is more common in women than men.<ref name="Lim2020" /> People with a history of frequent infections are more likely to develop it.<ref name="pmid38443223" /> Those with family members who have ME/CFS are also at higher risk, suggesting a genetic factor.<ref name="Dibble McGrath Ponting 2020 p." /> In the United States, [[white Americans]] are diagnosed more frequently than other groups,<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=ME/CFS Basics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/about/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523214910/https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/about/index.html |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=
===Viral infections===
{{main|Post-acute infection syndrome}}
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People with moderate to severe ME/CFS may benefit from home adaptations and mobility aids, such as [[wheelchair]]s, disability parking, [[Transfer bench|shower chairs]], or [[stair lift]]s. To manage sensitivities to environmental stimuli, these stimuli can be limited. For instance, the surroundings can be made perfume-free, or an [[Sleep mask|eye mask]] or [[earplug]]s can be used.<ref name="BMJbest_practice3" />{{Rp|pages=39–40}} Those with severe ME/CFS may have significant trouble getting nutrition. [[Parenteral nutrition|Intravenous feeding]] (via blood) or [[Feeding tube|tube feeding]] may be necessary to address this or to address [[electrolyte imbalance]]s.<ref name="pmid37793728" />
Patients who cannot move easily in bed may need help to prevent [[Pressure ulcer|pressure sores]]. Regular repositioning is important to keep their joints flexible, prevent stiffness and [[Contracture|contractures]]. [[Osteoporosis]] may pose a risk over the long term.<ref>{{Cite web |date=
== Prognosis ==
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An early diagnosis may improve care and prognosis.<ref name="NICE-2021-D" /> Factors that may make the disease worse over days, but also over longer time periods, are physical and mental exertion, a new infection, sleep deprivation, and emotional stress.<ref name="IQWiG-2023" />{{Rp|page=11}} Some people who improve need to manage their activities in order to prevent relapse.<ref name="CDC_Clinical2024" /> Children and teenagers are more likely to recover or improve than adults.<ref name="CDC_Clinical2024" /><ref name="NICE2021"/>{{Rp|pages=20}} For instance, a study in Australia among 6- to 18-year-olds found that two-thirds reported recovery after ten years, and that the typical duration of illness was five years.<ref name="IQWiG-2023" />{{Rp|page=11}}
The effect of ME/CFS on [[life expectancy]] is poorly studied, and the evidence is mixed. One large retrospective study on the topic found no increase in all-cause mortality due to ME/CFS. Death from suicide was, however, significantly higher among those with ME/CFS.<ref name="BMJbest_practice3" />{{Rp|page=59}} In extreme cases, people can die
== Epidemiology ==
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In England and Wales, over 250,000 people are estimated to be affected.<ref name="NICE2021" />{{Rp|pages=92}} These estimates are based on data before the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. It is likely that numbers have increased as a large share of people with [[long COVID]] meet the diagnostic criteria of ME/CFS.<ref name="IQWiG-2023" />{{Rp|page=228|pages=}} A 2021–2022 [[National Health Interview Survey|CDC survey]] found that 1.3% of adults in the United States, or 3.3 million, had ME/CFS.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db488.htm |title=Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in adults: United States, 2021–2022 |date=8 December 2023 |publisher=National Center for Health Statistics |issue=488 |doi=10.15620/cdc:134504 |pages=1–8 |pmid=38085820 |id=NCHS Data Brief |access-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217000708/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db488.htm |archive-date=17 February 2024 |url-status=live |doi-access=free |vauthors=Vahratian A, Lin JS, Bertolli J, Unger ER}}</ref> <!-- 2020 census US adult population: 258.3M -->
Women are diagnosed about 1.5 to 4 times more often with ME/CFS than men.<ref name=Lim2020/><ref name="CDCEpide2023" /> The prevalence in children and adolescents is slightly lower than in adults,<ref name="Lim2020" /> and children have it less than adolescents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=
== History ==
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Patient organisations have aimed to involve researchers via activism but also by publishing research themselves—similarly to [[HIV/AIDS activism|AIDS activism]] in the 1980s, which also sought to combat underfunding and stigma. [[Citizen science|Citizen scientists]], for example, helped start discussions about weaknesses in trials of psychological treatments.<ref name="pmid29971693" />
[[International May 12th Awareness Day|ME/CFS International Awareness Day]] takes place on
=== Doctor–patient relations ===
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