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The volunteers moved into the Russian computer network ("RuNet") in the 1990s, which became awash with hundreds of thousands of uncoordinated contributions. Librarians became especially active, using borrowed access passwords to download copies of scientific and scholarly articles from Western Internet sources, then uploading them to RuNet.
In the early 21st century, the efforts became coordinated, and integrated into one massive system known as Library Genesis, or LibGen, around 2008.<ref>Joe Karaganis and Balazs Bodo, "Russia is building a new Napster — but for academic research" [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/07/13/russia-is-building-a-new-napster-but-for-academic-research/ ''Washington Post'' July 13, 2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215035507/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/07/13/russia-is-building-a-new-napster-but-for-academic-research/ |date=December 15, 2020 }}</ref><ref name="numbers">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SxdZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|title=Library Genesis in Numbers: Mapping the Underground Flow of Knowledge|first=Balázs|last=Bodó|isbn=9780262345705|date=2018-04-27|publisher=MIT Press |access-date=2020-11-01|archive-date=2023-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117212905/https://books.google.com/books?id=SxdZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Joe Karaganis|title=Shadow Libraries: Access to Knowledge in Global Higher Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SxdZDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-34570-5|page=53|access-date=2019-05-10|archive-date=2023-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117212905/https://books.google.com/books?id=SxdZDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> It subsequently absorbed the contents of, and became the functional successor to, [[library.nu]], which was shut down by legal action in 2012.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodó|first=Balázs |date=2014 |title=A Short History of the Russian Digital Shadow Libraries |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2616631 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2616631 |issn=1556-5068}}</ref> By 2014, its catalog was more than twice the size of library.nu with 1.2 million records.<ref name="numbers" /> {{As of|2019|7|28|post=,}} Library Genesis claims to have more than 2.4 million non-fiction books, 80 million science magazine articles, 2 million comics files, 2.2 million fiction books, and 0.4 million magazine issues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://LibGen.lc/stat.php|title=LibGen.lc Home Page|website=LibGen.lc |publisher=Library Genesis|access-date=2019-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810191312/http://booksdescr.org/stat.php|archive-date=2019-08-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 2020, the project was [[Fork (software development)|forked]] under an alternate domain, "libgen.fun", due to internal conflict within the project.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-07|title=Reviving the LibGen community|url=http://www.reddit.com/r/libgen/comments/lelp7y/reviving_the_libgen_community/gmiaj9h/|access-date=2021-07-30|website=[[reddit]]|archive-date=2021-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730064917/https://www.reddit.com/r/libgen/comments/lelp7y/reviving_the_libgen_community/gmiaj9h/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=June 2022}} As a result, databases are being maintained independently and content differs between libgen.fun and other LibGen domains.
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