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The mid-anterior OFC has been found to consistently track subjective [[pleasure]] in neuroimaging studies. A [[Reward system#Pleasure centers|hedonic hotspot]] has been discovered in the anterior OFC, which is capable of enhancing liking response to sucrose. The OFC is also capable of biasing the affective responses induced by [[AMPA|α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)]] antagonism in the [[nucleus accumbens]] towards appetitive responses.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Berridge|first1=KC|last2=Kringelbach|first2=ML|title=Pleasure systems in the brain.|journal=Neuron|date=6 May 2015|volume=86|issue=3|pages=646–64|doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.018|pmid=25950633|pmc=4425246}}</ref>
The OFC is capable of modulating aggressive behavior via projections to interneurons in the amygdala that inhibit glutaminergic projections to the ventromedial [[hypothalamus]].<ref>{{citeCite book |last1last=Numan |first1first=Michael |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/879584151 |title=Neurobiology of Socialsocial Behaviorbehavior: Towardtoward an Understandingunderstanding of the Prosocialprosocial and Antisocialantisocial Brainbrain |date=2015 |publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-416040-8 |location=LondongLondon, UK ; Waltham, MA |page=85 |oclc=879584151}}</ref>
===Electrophysiology===
==Psychiatric disorders==
The orbitofrontal cortex has been implicated in [[borderline personality disorder]],<ref>{{citeCite journal |last1last=Berlin |first1first=HAHeather A. |last2=Rolls |first2=ETEdmund T. |last3=Iversen |first3=SDSusan D. |date=2005-12 |title=Borderline Personalitypersonality Disorderdisorder, Impulsivityimpulsivity, and the Orbitofrontalorbitofrontal cortex |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16330602/ Cortex|journal=ArchivesThe American Journal of ClinicalPsychiatry Neuropsychology|datevolume=October162 2005|volume=20|issue=712 |pages=862–8632360–2373 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2360 |issn=0002-953X |pmid=16330602}}</ref> [[schizophrenia]], [[major depressive disorder]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[addiction]], [[post-traumatic stress disorder]], [[Autism]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ha|first1=Sungji|last2=Sohn|first2=In-Jung|last3=Kim|first3=Namwook|last4=Sim|first4=Hyeon Jeong|last5=Cheon|first5=Keun-Ah|date=December 2015|title=Characteristics of Brains in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Structure, Function and Connectivity across the Lifespan|journal=Experimental Neurobiology|volume=24|issue=4|pages=273–284|doi=10.5607/en.2015.24.4.273|issn=1226-2560|pmc=4688328|pmid=26713076}}</ref> and [[panic disorder]]. Although neuroimaging studies have provided evidence for dysfunction in a wide variety of psychiatric disorders, the enigmatic nature of the OFCs role in behavior complicates the understanding of its role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jackowski|first1=AP|last2=Araújo Filho|first2=GM|last3=Almeida|first3=AG|last4=Araújo|first4=CM|last5=Reis|first5=M|last6=Nery|first6=F|last7=Batista|first7=IR|last8=Silva|first8=I|last9=Lacerda|first9=AL|title=The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in psychiatric disorders: an update of neuroimaging findings.|journal=Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria|date=June 2012|volume=34|issue=2|pages=207–12|pmid=22729418|doi=10.1590/S1516-44462012000200014|doi-access=free}}</ref> The function of the OFC is not known, but its anatomical connections with the ventral striatum, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and periaqueductal grey support a role in mediating reward and fear related behaviors.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Milad|first1=MR|last2=Rauch|first2=SL|title=The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in anxiety disorders.|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|date=December 2007|volume=1121|issue=1|pages=546–61|doi=10.1196/annals.1401.006|pmid=17698998|bibcode=2007NYASA1121..546M|s2cid=34467365}}</ref>
===Obsessive compulsive disorder===
Meta analyses of neuroimaging studies in OCD report hyperactivity in areas generally considered to be part of the orbitofrontal segment of the [[cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop]] such as the [[caudate nucleus]], [[thalamus]] and orbitofrontal cortex. OCD has been proposed to reflect a positive feedback loop due to mutual excitation of the OFC and subcortical structures.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nakao|first1=T|last2=Okada|first2=K|last3=Kanba|first3=S|title=Neurobiological model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings.|journal=Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences|date=August 2014|volume=68|issue=8|pages=587–605|doi=10.1111/pcn.12195|pmid=24762196|s2cid=5528241|doi-access=free}}</ref> While the OFC is usually overactive during symptom provocation tasks, cognitive tasks usually elicit hypoactivity of the OFC;<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fineberg|first1=NA|last2=Potenza|first2=MN|last3=Chamberlain|first3=SR|last4=Berlin|first4=HA|last5=Menzies|first5=L|last6=Bechara|first6=A|last7=Sahakian|first7=BJ|last8=Robbins|first8=TW|last9=Bullmore|first9=ET|last10=Hollander|first10=E|title=Probing compulsive and impulsive behaviors, from animal models to endophenotypes: a narrative review.|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|date=February 2010|volume=35|issue=3|pages=591–604|doi=10.1038/npp.2009.185|pmid=19940844|pmc=3055606}}</ref> this may reflect a distinction between emotional and non emotional tasks, lateral and medial OFC,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Milad|first1=MR|last2=Rauch|first2=SL|title=Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways.|journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|date=January 2012|volume=16|issue=1|pages=43–51|doi=10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.003|pmid=22138231|pmc=4955838}}</ref> or simply just inconsistent methodologies.<ref>{{citeCite book |last1last=Vaghi |first1first=M. M |last2url=Robbins|first2=T|editor1-last=Pittenger|editor1-first=Christopherhttps://academic.oup.com/book/24387/chapter/187315142 |title= Obsessive Compulsive-compulsive Disorder: Phenomenology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Phenomenology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment |last2=Robbins |first2=T. W |date=2017-10 |publisher=Oxford University Press |editor-last=Pittenger |editor-first=Christopher |volume=1 |pages=239–240 |language=en |chapter=TASKTask-BASEDBased FUNCTIONALFunctional NEUROIMAGINGNeuroimaging STUDIESStudies OFof OBSESSIVEObsessive-COMPULSIVECompulsive DISORDERDisorder: A HYPOTHESISHypothesis-DRIVENDriven REVIEWReview |doi=10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0022}}</ref>
===Addiction===
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