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Line 1: {{Short description\|Town in the South Island of New Zealand}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2020}} {{Use New Zealand English\|date=November 2021}} {{Infobox settlement \| official_name = ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama \| ~~settlement_type~~ native_name = ~~Town~~{{lang-mi\|Ōmarama}} \| ~~motto~~settlement_type = Town \| motto = The Place of Light \| image_skyline = Omarama_NewZealand.JPG \| pushpin_map = ~~New Zealand~~ \| image_map = {{infobox mapframe\|coord={{coord\|44\|29\|0\|S\|169\|58\|0\|E}}\|zoom=6}} ~~\| subdivision_type = Country~~ \| subdivision_type = Country ~~\| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of New Zealand\|Region]]~~ \| ~~subdivision_name~~subdivision_type1 = [[Regions =of New Zealand\|Region]] \| ~~subdivision_name1~~ subdivision_name = ~~[[Canterbury,~~ New Zealand~~\|Canterbury]]~~ \| subdivision_name1 = [[Canterbury Region\|Canterbury]] ~~\| subdivision_type2 = [[Territorial authorities of New Zealand\|Territorial authority]]~~ \| subdivision_type2 = [[Territorial authorities of New Zealand\|Territorial authority]] ~~\| subdivision_name2 = [[Waitaki District]]~~ \| subdivision_name2 = [[Waitaki District]] ~~\| utc_offset = +12~~ \| subdivision_type3 = Ward ~~\| timezone = [[New Zealand Standard Time\|NZST]]~~ \| subdivision_name3 = Ahuriri Ward ~~\| timezone_DST = [[New Zealand Daylight Time\|NZDT]]~~ \| ~~utc_offset_DST~~ subdivision_type4 = ~~+13~~Community \| subdivision_name4 = Ahuriri Community ~~\| coordinates = {{coord\|44\|29\|0\|S\|169\|58\|0\|E\|region:NZ-OTA\|display=inline,title}}~~ \| ~~population_footnotes~~seat_type = ~~<ref~~ ~~name~~=~~demographics/>~~ Electorates \| seat = {{ubl\|[[Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)\|Waitaki]]\|[[Te Tai Tonga]] (Māori)}} ~~\| population_total = 291~~ \| ~~population_as_of~~ leader_title = ~~2018~~{{nowrap\|Territorial ~~Census~~authority}} \| ~~blank_name~~ leader_name = ~~Local~~ [[~~iwi~~Waitaki District Council]] \| ~~blank_info~~ leader_title1 = ~~[[Ngāi~~Regional ~~Tahu]]~~council \| ~~name~~leader_name1 = [[Environment = Canterbury]] \| leader_title2 = [[Mayor of Waitaki]] \| leader_name2 = {{NZ officeholder data\|Waitaki District Mayor\|y}} \| leader_title3 = [[Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)\|Waitaki MP]] \| leader_name3 = {{NZ officeholder data\|Waitaki MP\|y}} \| leader_title4 = [[Te Tai Tonga\|Te Tai Tonga MP]] \| leader_name4 = {{NZ officeholder data\|Te Tai Tonga MP\|y}} \| utc_offset = +12 \| timezone = [[New Zealand Standard Time\|NZST]] \| timezone_DST = [[New Zealand Daylight Time\|NZDT]] \| utc_offset_DST = +13 \| coordinates = {{coord\|44\|29\|0\|S\|169\|58\|0\|E\|region:NZ-OTA\|display=inline,title}} \| population_footnotes = {{NZ population data 2018\|\|\|\|y}} \| population_total = {{NZ population data 2018\|Omarama\|y}} \| population_as_of = {{NZ population data 2018\|\|\|y}} \| area_total_km2 = 8.30 \| area_footnotes = <ref name="Area"/> \| population_density_km2 = auto \| blank_name = Local [[iwi]] \| blank_info = [[Ngāi Tahu]] \| name = }} '''~~Ōmārama~~Omarama''' ({{lang-mi\|Ōmarama}}) is a small town (population ~~267~~291 atas of the ~~2013~~2018 census) at the junction of [[~~New Zealand~~ State Highway 8 (New Zealand)\|State Highways 8]] and [[New Zealand State Highway 83\|83]], near the southern end of the [[Mackenzie Basin]], in the [[South Island]] of [[New Zealand]]. Omarama is in the [[Waitaki District]], in the southern Canterbury region. The [[Ahuriri River]] is a short distance to the north of the township. ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama is 30 km (20 minutes drive) southwest of [[Twizel]], 40 km (30 minutes drive) southeast of [[Lake Ōhau]] and 32 km (21 minutes drive) northeast of the [[Lindis Pass]]. ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama is primarily a rural service centre, providing local farmers and other residents with necessities and facilities such as grocery shopping, fuel and mechanical services, as well as a post shop. In more recent years these and similar services have expanded moderately, due to the increase in new residents and visitors, including [[Fisherman\|anglers]], artists, [[astronomers]], [[sailplane]] [[enthusiasts]], [[skiers]] and general tourists. Line 33 ⟶ 56: A significant proportion of permanent village residents are employees of, or contractors to, [[Meridian Energy\|Meridian Energy Limited]], a [[government-owned corporation\|state-owned enterprise]] which is responsible for [[List of dams and reservoirs in New Zealand#The Waitaki\|the nearby dams and powerstations]] that are part of [[Hydroelectric power in New Zealand\|New Zealand's hydroelectricity generation]]. The [[Māori language]] name {{lang\|mi\|Ōmarama}} means "Place of Light",<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Things to see and do in Ōmarama, New Zealand \|url=https://www.newzealand.com/nz/omarama/ \|access-date=2023-10-23 \|website=www.newzealand.com \|language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Omarama {{!}} NZHistory, New Zealand history online \|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/keyword/omarama \|access-date=2023-10-23 \|website=nzhistory.govt.nz}}</ref> a reference to its extraordinarily pure and clear sky.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Omarama – Waitaki, New Zealand \|url=https://waitakinz.com/omarama/ \|access-date=2023-10-23 \|website=Tourisim Waitaki}}</ref> ~~Ōmārama is [[Māori language\|Māori]] for "Place of Light", a reference to its extraordinarily pure and clear sky.~~ ==Demographics== Omarama is described as a rural settlement by Statistics New Zealand, and covers {{Convert\|8.30\|km2\|\|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Area">{{Cite web\|title=ArcGIS Web Application\|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787\|access-date=25 November 2021\|website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> It had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2018\|Omarama\|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2018\|\|\|y\|y\|\|,}} with a population density of {{Decimals\|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018\|Omarama\|y}}\|R}}/8.30\|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>. It is part of the larger Aviemore statistical area. The population of Ōmārama was 291 in the 2018 census, an increase of 21 from 2013. There were 147 males and 141 females. 79.4% of people identified as European/Pākehā, 4.1% as Māori and 15.5% as Asian. 9.3% were under 15 years old, 18.6% were 15–29, 49.5% were 30–64, and 21.7% were 65 or older.<ref name=demographics>{{Cite web\|title=Age and sex by ethnic group (grouped total response), for census usually resident population counts, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (urban rural areas)\|url=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8318\|access-date=17 January 2021\|publisher=Statistics New Zealand}}</ref> {{Historical populations\|2006\|231\|2013\|270\|2018\|291\|percentages=pagr\|align=left\|title=Historical population for Omarama\|source=<ref name="Census 2018"/>}} Omarama had a population of 291 at the [[2018 New Zealand census]], an increase of 21 people (7.8%) since the [[2013 New Zealand census\|2013 census]], and an increase of 60 people (26.0%) since the [[2006 New Zealand census\|2006 census]]. There were 111 households, comprising 147 males and 144 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.02 males per female, with 27 people (9.3%) aged under 15 years, 54 (18.6%) aged 15 to 29, 147 (50.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 66 (22.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 78.4% European/[[Pākehā]], 4.1% [[Māori people\|Māori]], 14.4% [[Asian New Zealanders\|Asian]], and 4.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.6% had no religion, 30.9% were [[Christianity in New Zealand\|Christian]], 2.1% were [[Hinduism in New Zealand\|Hindu]], 1.0% were [[Buddhism in New Zealand\|Buddhist]] and 1.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 39 (14.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 42 (15.9%) people had no formal qualifications. 42 people (15.9%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 159 (60.2%) people were employed full-time, and 42 (15.9%) were part-time.<ref name="Census 2018">{{NZ census 2018\|7027642 and 7027643}}</ref> ===Aviemore statistical area=== The Aviemore statistical area, which also includes [[Otematata]], covers {{Convert\|3483.90\|km2\|\|abbr=on}}<ref name="Area"/> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2\|Aviemore\|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2\|\|\|y\|y\|\|,}} with a population density of {{Decimals\|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2\|Aviemore\|y}}\|R}}/3483.90\|2}} people per km<sup>2</sup>. {{Historical populations\|2006\|669\|2013\|702\|2018\|765\|percentages=pagr\|align=left\|title=Historical population for Aviemore\|source=<ref name="Census 2018 A"/>}} Aviemore had a population of 765 at the [[2018 New Zealand census]], an increase of 63 people (9.0%) since the [[2013 New Zealand census\|2013 census]], and an increase of 96 people (14.3%) since the [[2006 New Zealand census\|2006 census]]. There were 324 households, comprising 411 males and 357 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.15 males per female. The median age was 46.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 99 people (12.9%) aged under 15 years, 138 (18.0%) aged 15 to 29, 360 (47.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 168 (22.0%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 86.7% European/[[Pākehā]], 5.5% [[Māori people\|Māori]], 0.8% [[Pasifika New Zealanders\|Pasifika]], 8.6% [[Asian New Zealanders\|Asian]], and 3.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 20.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 53.7% had no religion, 36.9% were [[Christianity in New Zealand\|Christian]], 2.0% were [[Hinduism in New Zealand\|Hindu]], 1.2% were [[Buddhism in New Zealand\|Buddhist]] and 0.8% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 90 (13.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 105 (15.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $34,700, compared with $31,800 nationally. 93 people (14.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 411 (61.7%) people were employed full-time, 93 (14.0%) were part-time, and 3 (0.5%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2018 A">{{NZ census 2018\|Aviemore (343100)\|aviemore\|Aviemore}}</ref> == History == Omarama was an important food source ({{lang\|mi\|kāinga mahinga kai}}) for the [[Ngāi Tahu]] [[Māori people\|Māori]] {{lang\|mi\|[[iwi]]}} (tribe) in what would later be named the [[Mackenzie Basin]]. The first European to visit Ōmārama was Walter Mantell in December 1852. European settlement began in 1857 with the establishment of the Benmore and Ben Ohau stations.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=McMillan\|first=Eileen\|title=Frugal country and hard on the boots : a history of the Lake Ōhau valley\|year=2021\|location=Twizel\|pages=421}}</ref> The first European to visit Omarama was Walter Mantell, in December 1852. European settlement began in 1857 with the establishment of the Benmore and Ben Ohau stations.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=McMillan\|first=Eileen\|title=Frugal country and hard on the boots : a history of the Lake Ohau valley\|year=2021\|location=Twizel\|pages=421\|publisher=Eileen McMillan}}</ref> ~~Ōmārama was an important food source (kāinga mahinga kai) for the [[Ngāi Tahu\|Ngai Tahu]] in the [[Mackenzie Basin]].~~ In 1877, [[Hipa Te ~~Maiharoa~~Maihāroa]] with over 100 supporters travelled up the Waitaki River to ~~Ōmārama~~ Omarama and camped ~~at Ōmārama~~there to reaffirm the Ngāi Tahu claim to the interior of the South Island. This led to numerous visits from the government and Ngāi Tahu leaders ~~to Ōmārama~~. In 1879, they were evicted by an armed constabulary. Te Maiharoa and his followers then moved to the mouth of the Waitaki River.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Atlas — Cultural Mapping Project — Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu\|url=https://www.kahurumanu.co.nz/atlas\|access-date=2021-01-01\|website=www.kahurumanu.co.nz}}</ref> == Agriculture == [[File:Omarama Ram & Sign.JPG\|thumb\|~~Ōmārama~~Omarama was traditionally a wool growing area]] Although traditionally [[sheep]] country, ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama area farms, along with those within the rest of the [[Mackenzie Basin]], have rapidly converted to predominantly dairy farming, due to falling sheep meat and wool prices, and the recent boom in dairy product earnings. The dairy conversion has made major changes to the local environment, with iconic [[tussock grassland\|tussock]] lands being ploughed and replaced by [[pasture]], facilitated by new [[irrigation]] schemes. Large [[Center pivot irrigation\|centre pivot irrigators]] and private [[canal]] networks now dominate much of the landscape.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Rae\|first1=Sally\|title=From backwater to water 'battleground'\|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/the-country/news/article.cfm?c_id=16&objectid=11773781\|access-date=9 April 2017\|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] \|date=28 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last1=Tatham\|first1=Helem\|title=Benmore Irrigation Company shareholders 'hugely disappointed' by decision against resource consent\|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/news/87295984/Benmore-Irrigation-Company-shareholders-hugely-disappointed-by-decison-against-resource-consent\|access-date=9 April 2017\|work=Stuff.co.nz\|date=7 December 2016}}</ref> Line 53 ⟶ 101: == Angling == There are many rivers and lakes in and near ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama suitable for recreational fishing. The nearby [[Ahuriri River]] is a noted [[flyfishing\|fly-fishing]] river<ref>[http://www.flyfishingguides.co.nz/Mt-Cook-Fly-Fishing/The-Rivers.php Two of the Best Fly Fishing Rivers in the World]</ref> and adjacent [[Lake Benmore]] and Lake Ōhau are popular with boaters, as well as fly casters and other anglers. Commonly encountered local fish species include [[salmon]], and [[brown trout\|brown]] and [[rainbow trout]]. Line 59 ⟶ 107: == Astronomy == ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama is home of the annual mid winter star party. Local street lighting and other light sources are dimmed or switched off for the duration of the event. Benmore Peak Observatory is located approximately 13 km north of Omarama, atop the nearby [[Benmore Peak\|Benmore Range]]. Line 68 ⟶ 116: Due to the strong gliding conditions in the Omarama area, and [[Mackenzie Basin]], it is known as a world-class [[gliding]] location, gaining fame among [[sailplane]] pilots around the world after hosting the 1995 [[World Gliding Championships]]. Pilots come to ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama to experience strong [[lee wave]] conditions, ridge soaring and thermal flying. It is common for ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama-based gliders to soar hundreds of ~~kilometers~~kilometres along the Southern Alps each day. In ideal conditions, it is possible for gliders to reach distances in excess of 2000 km. Several national and world gliding records have been achieved from ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama,<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Tollan\|first1=Jeff\|title=Gliding on to a world record\|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/3155973/Gliding-on-to-a-world-record\|access-date=9 April 2017\|work=STUFF\|date=14 December 2009}}</ref> and the prevailing conditions have attracted record seekers such as [[Steve Fossett]].<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Taylor\|first1=Marty\|title=Updraft\|url=https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/updraft/\|website=New Zealand Geographic\|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref> The ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama Gliding Club and several commercial gliding ~~organizations~~organisations are based in the town. == Snow sports == There are three [[skifield]]s within the MacKenzie Basin; [[~~Ohau~~Ōhau (skifield)\|~~Ohau~~Ōhau]], [[Roundhill Ski Area\|Round Hill]], and [[Mount Dobson]]. ~~== Hot tubs ==~~ A local business provides outdoor hot tubs on a private landscaped site, along with saunas and massage.<ref>{{cite web \|title=HOT Tubs Ōmārama \|url=http://hottubsomarama.co.nz/soak-your-soul \|access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> == Mountain biking == ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama is on the route of the [[Alps to Ocean Cycle Trail]],<ref>{{cite web\|title=Welcome to New Zealand's Alps 2 Ocean Cycle Trail\|url=http://www.alps2ocean.com/\|access-date=9 April 2017\|publisher=alps2ocean.com}}</ref> after the trail was constructed following approval in 2010. [[File:Clay Cliffs (14240049260).jpg\|thumb\|~~Ōmārama~~Omarama Clay Cliffs]] == Other attractions == ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama is a popular holiday destination amongst those living in surrounding districts and provinces, many owning family holiday residences within the village. [[Tramping in New Zealand\|Tramping]] is also popular with locals and visitors alike, due to the spectacular and often rugged landscape. Due to the spectacular scenery, numerous artists regularly visit the ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama area, and several are now permanent residents, exhibiting their ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama and Mackenzie landscapes and other work in local galleries and further afield.{{citation needed\|date=June 2016}} == Education == ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama School was first built on Buscot Station in the 1930s. It was moved to its present site on State Highway 8 in ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama during the 1940s. As a result of people moving to work at the local hydro electricity development, ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama School increased in size to a four-teacher school in the late 1980s. Today, 2.5 FTE of teachers teach at the school and its catchment area serves ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama and a wide area of the Upper Waitaki high country. ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama School caters for new entrants to Year 8 children with two classrooms, a school library and a covered solar heated pool on a 11938 square metre site.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Omarama School - About Us\|url=https://sites.google.com/omarama.school.nz/omarama-school/about-us\|access-date=2020-09-17\|website=sites.google.com\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{TKI\|3789\|Omarama School}}</ref> Omarama School has a roll of {{NZ school roll data\|3789\|y}} students as of {{NZ school roll data\|\|\|y\|y\|\|.}} == Government == ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama is part of the Waitaki Electorate.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Waitaki: Households - New Zealand Parliament\|url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/mps-and-electorates/historical-electorate-profiles/electorate-profiles-data/document/DBHOH_Lib_EP_Waitaki_Households/waitaki-households\|access-date=2020-10-13\|website=www.parliament.nz\|language=en}}</ref> The [[Waitaki District Council]] provide local government services to ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Home - Waitaki District Council\|url=https://www.waitaki.govt.nz:443/Pages/default.aspx\|access-date=2020-10-13\|website=www.waitaki.govt.nz\|language=en-NZ}}</ref> In 2020, the Waitaki District Council published a masterplan for developing ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=~~Ōmārama~~Omarama Masterplan 2020\|url=https://www.waitaki.govt.nz/our-council/plans-reports-strategies/plansandreports/Documents/Other_plans/Omarama%20Masterplan%202020.pdf\|access-date=13 October 2020\|website=www.waitaki.govt.nz}}</ref> ==In popular culture== In his novel ''[[The Zombie Survival Guide]]'', Max Brooks of ''[[World War Z]]'' fame makes reference to ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama as site of a historical zombie attack.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2023}} Disney's movie [[Mulan (2020 film)\|''Mulan'']] released in 2020 was partially filmed at the ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama Clay Cliffs.<ref>{{Cite news\|title=NZ director's film Mulan released on Disney Plus bypassing cinemas\|language=en\|work=Newshub\|url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/entertainment/2020/09/nz-director-s-film-mulan-released-on-disney-plus-bypassing-cinemas.html\|access-date=2020-09-15}}</ref> ==Climate== {{Weather box\|width=auto \|metric first=y \|single line=y \|collapsed = Y \|location = Omarama (Tara Hills), elevation {{convert\|485\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020) \|Jan high C = 23.4 \|Feb high C = 23.5 \|Mar high C = 20.6 \|Apr high C = 16.2 \|May high C = 12.1 \|Jun high C = 8.1 \|Jul high C = 7.5 \|Aug high C = 10.3 \|Sep high C = 13.7 \|Oct high C = 16.4 \|Nov high C = 18.8 \|Dec high C = 21.5 \| year high C = \|Jan mean C = 16.3 \|Feb mean C = 16.0 \|Mar mean C = 13.5 \|Apr mean C = 9.8 \|May mean C = 6.5 \|Jun mean C = 3.0 \|Jul mean C = 2.4 \|Aug mean C = 4.8 \|Sep mean C = 7.5 \|Oct mean C = 9.9 \|Nov mean C = 12.1 \|Dec mean C = 14.7 \| year mean C = \|Jan low C = 9.2 \|Feb low C = 8.6 \|Mar low C = 6.4 \|Apr low C = 3.3 \|May low C = 0.9 \|Jun low C = -2.1 \|Jul low C = -2.8 \|Aug low C = -0.8 \|Sep low C = 1.3 \|Oct low C = 3.5 \|Nov low C = 5.4 \|Dec low C = 7.8 \| year low C = \|rain colour = green \|Jan rain mm = 44.9 \|Feb rain mm = 38.4 \|Mar rain mm = 35.9 \|Apr rain mm = 34.8 \|May rain mm = 44.9 \|Jun rain mm = 38.1 \|Jul rain mm = 39.1 \|Aug rain mm = 34.7 \|Sep rain mm = 37.7 \|Oct rain mm = 41.8 \|Nov rain mm = 45.5 \|Dec rain mm = 54.4 \|year rain mm = \|source 1 = CliFlo<ref name= CliFlo> {{cite web \|url = http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz \|title = CliFlo – National Climate Database : Tara Hills Aws \|publisher = NIWA \|access-date = 10 May 2024}}</ref> }} ==References== Line 102 ⟶ 215: {{Wikivoyage}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.omarama.com/ ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama Gliding Club ] * [http://www.omaramagazette.nz/ ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama News and Events – ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama Gazette] * [http://www.perlanproject.com/ Gliding World altitude record attempt] * [http://www.discoveromarama.co.nz Discover ~~Ōmārama~~Omarama] * [http://www.observatory.org.nz/ Benmore Peak Observatory]