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{{redirect-several|Jinni|Jinn|Djinn|Genie}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox mythical creature
|name = Jinn
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|caption = Jinn gather to do battle with the hero [[Faramarz]]. Illustration in an [[illuminated manuscript]] of the Iranian [[epic poetry|epic]] [[Shahnameh]]
|Folklore = [[Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia]], [[Folk Islam|Islamic folklore]]
|Grouping = [[Legendary creature|Mythical creature]]
|Sub_Grouping =
|Family = <!-- Attested family members, if applicable -->
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Related to the occult traditions in Islamic culture is the belief in the "Seven kings of the Week", also known as ''rūḥāiya ulia'' (higher spirits; angels) and ''rūḥāiya sufula'' (lower spirits; demons). These beings are, for example, invoked for the preparation of [[Magic square#Magic squares in occultism|Magic squares]].<ref>Mommersteeg, Geert. “‘He Has Smitten Her to the Heart with Love’ The Fabrication of an Islamic Love-Amulet in West Africa.” Anthropos, vol. 83, no. 4/6, 1988, pp. 501–510. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40463380. Accessed 13 June 2020.</ref><ref name="Lebling–2010"/>{{rp|style=ama|p=87}} This belief is attested by the [[Book of Wonders]].<ref name=Carboni-2013/> It contains artistic depictions of several supernatural beings (demons, jinn, the evil eye, fever (Huma, Arabic: حمى), devils, [[lilith]], etc.).<ref name="Taheri, Alireza 2017"/><ref name=Carboni-2013/> Some of these beings indicate that the work connects Hebrew, Christian, and Islamic magical traditions.<ref name=Carboni-2013/> The original work is attributed to [[Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi|al-Bakhi]], who founded a system of astrological magic based on [[Neoplatonism|Neo-Platonic thought]].<ref name=Carboni-2013/> Although many pages are damaged, it is possible to reconstruct their meanings from Ottoman copies.<ref name=Carboni-2013/> Each king is depicted with helpers and associated talismanic symbols.<ref name=Carboni-2013/>
==Comparative mythology==
[[File:Compendium rarissimum totius Artis Magicae. Wellcome L0027769.jpg|thumb|The ''sheyd'' אַשְמְדּאָי ([[Asmodeus|Ašmodai]]) in bird-like form, with typical rooster feet, as depicted in ''Compendium rarissimum totius Artis Magicae'' 1775]]
In [[Comparative Mythology]], scholars discuss the relationship between Islamic notions of jinn and earlier Jewish and Christian ideas of supernatural beings or preternatural creatures, especially those of angels, spirits, and demons. One question has concerned the degree to Quranic jinn might be compared to [[fallen angel]]s in Christian traditions, although issues with this view are that jinn are not identified as "angels" and that descriptions of angels do not involve their flying up the sky to eavesdrop on heavenly secrets (unlike jinn who do so in Surah 72).<ref name="Azaiez-Reynolds-Tesei-Zafer-nd">
{{cite book |last=Crone |first=Patricia |title=The Qur'an Seminar Commentary / Le Qur'an Seminar: A Collaborative Study of 50 Qur'anic Passages / Commentaire collaboratif de 50 passages coraniques |collaboration= |date=2016 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=9783110444797 |editor1-last=Azaiez |editor1-first=Mehdi |edition=bilingual |pages=307–310 |language=fr, en |trans-title= |chapter=QS 32 Q 37:6–11: Crone |editor2-last=Reynolds |editor2-first=Gabriel Said |editor3-last=Tesei |editor3-first=Tommaso |editor4-last=Zafer |editor4-first=Hamza M.}} {{ISBN|3110444798}}
</ref> Instead, Crone points to the demons of the [[Testament of Solomon]] who are subdued by [[Solomon]] and describe their activity of ascending to the [[firmament]] and stars where they eavesdrop on heavenly secrets. Still lacking is the repulsion of these eavesdropping spirits by heavenly defense mechanisms; here, Crone draws attention to [[Zoroastrian cosmology]] where both eavesdropping activities of demons and heavenly defense systems against them are combined.<ref name="Azaiez-Reynolds-Tesei-Zafer-nd" />
The Jewish depiction of jinn (Hebrew: ''[[Shedim]]'')<ref name="YALÇINKAYA, Mustafa 2020">YALÇINKAYA, Mustafa. "İLÂHİ DİNLERİN CİN KAVRAMI ALGISI: GENEL BİR YAKLAŞIM." PEARSON JOURNAL 5.7 (2020): 170-183.</ref> bears close resemblances between Islamic and some Jewish traditions. For example, the story of Solomon being replaced by the evil jinn-king is well known in both Quranic exegesis and the [[Talmud]].<ref name="Lebling–2010"/>{{rp|style=ama|p=120}}
Other similarities between Jewish and Muslim tradition include that of ritual exorcism and negotiations with these beings (including asking for their religion, sex, name, and intention). The treatment of possession by jinn (''jnun'', ''shedim'', etc.) differs from that of traditional Jewish cure of spirit possession associated with ghosts ([[Dybbuk]]).<ref>Bilu, Yoram. "The Moroccan Demon in Israel: The Case of 'Evil Spirit Disease.'" Ethos, vol. 8, no. 1, 1980, pp. 24–39. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/640134. Accessed 21 Apr. 2023.</ref>
==See also==
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