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===Language comprehension and production===
Most language processing takes place in [[Broca's area]] usually in the left hemisphere.<ref>The "dominant inferior frontal convolution" —{{Citation|last=Fauci| first= et.al, eds.| year=1998 |title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th Edition, Companion Handbook| isbn=978-0-07-021530-6}}. p.1055</ref> Damage to this region often results in a type of non-fluent [[aphasia]] known as [[Broca's aphasia]]. Broca's area is made up of the pars opercularis and the pars triangularis, both of which contribute to verbal fluency, but each has its own specific contribution. The pars opercularis (BA44) is involved in language production and phonological processing due to its connections with motor areas of the mouth and tongue. The pars triangularis (BA45) is involved in semantic processing. Characteristics of Broca's aphasia include agrammatic speech, relatively good language comprehension, poor repetition, and difficulty speaking mostly uttering short sentences made up mostly of nouns. The left IFG has also been suggested to play a role in inhibitory processes, including the tendency to inhibit learning from undesirable information. For example, [[transcranial magnetic stimulation]] to the left IFG has been shown to release such inhibition, increasing the ability to learn from undesirable information.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharot
The right opercular part of the IFG, (BA44) has been implicated in [[Go/no go#Pscychology|go/no go tasks]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi= 10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.010 |journal= Trends Cogn Sci |year=2004 |volume=8 |issue= 4 |pages=170–177 |title= Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex |vauthors=Aron AR, Robbins TW, Poldrack RA |pmid= 15050513|s2cid= 19332756 }}</ref> In these tasks, the participant encounters a preliminary task (for instance repeatedly pressing a button), and then must halt this task whenever a "no go" signal is presented, ultimately measuring a level of impulse control through inhibition of a prepotent response. It seems that the same area is also implicated in risk aversion: a study found that higher risk aversion correlated with higher activity at IFG.<ref name="pmid19812332">{{Cite journal | last1 = Christopoulos | first1 = GI. | last2 = Tobler | first2 = PN. | last3 = Bossaerts | first3 = P. | last4 = Dolan | first4 = RJ. | last5 = Schultz | first5 = W. | title = Neural correlates of value, risk, and risk aversion contributing to decision making under risk | journal = J Neurosci | volume = 29 | issue = 40 | pages = 12574–83 |date=Oct 2009 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2614-09.2009 | pmid = 19812332 | pmc=2794196}}</ref> This might be explained as an inhibition signal to accept a risky option. Disruption of activity of this area with [[transcranial direct-current stimulation]] (tDCS) leads to change in risk attitudes, as behaviorally demonstrated by choices over risky outcomes.<ref>{{cite journal |doi= 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0804-06.2006 |journal= J Neurosci |year=2006 |volume=26 |issue= 24 |pages=6469–6472
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