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{{redirect|Quilon}}
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{{Infobox settlement
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"[[Fountain of Youth]]"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/2012/kollam-quilon/154 | title=Kollam, Quilon, Land of cashew, coir, backwaters, Kerala Tourism }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.grunge.com/236799/the-tragic-history-of-the-search-for-the-fountain-of-youth/ | title=The Tragic History of the Search for the Fountain of Youth | newspaper=Grunge | date=14 August 2020 }}</ref> <br />
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'''Kollam''' ({{IPA-ml|kolːɐm|lang|Kollam-pronunciation.ogg}}), also known by its [[List of renamed Indian cities and states|former name]] '''Quilon'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/east-is-west-and-up-is-really-down/22425156 | publisher=mid-day.com | title=East Is West And Up Is Really Down | date=14 January 2020 | access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref> {{audio|Pronunciation of the alternate name "Quilon" of the city Kollam.ogg|pronunciation}}
Kollam has a strong commercial reputation since ancient times. The
[[V. Nagam Aiya]] in his ''
Kollam city corporation received [[ISO 9000#Contents of ISO 9001:2015|ISO 9001:2015]] certification for municipal administration and services.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lsgkerala.gov.in/index.php/en/news-district-news/kollam-corporation-achieved-iso-certification-1636 |title=Kollam Corporation achieved ISO Certification |date=17 May 2019 |access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref> As per the survey conducted by the [[Economist Intelligence Unit|Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)]] based on urban area growth during January 2020, [[Kollam Metropolitan Area|Kollam]] became the tenth fastest growing city in the world with a 31.1% urban growth between 2015 and 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/three-of-worlds-ten-fastest-growing-urban-areas-are-in-kerala-6205749/ |title=3 of world's 10 fastest-growing urban areas are in Kerala: Economist ranking |date=8 January 2020 |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref> It is a coastal city and on the banks of
During the later stages of the rule of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] monarchy in Kerala, Kollam emerged as the focal point of trade and politics. Kollam continues to be a major business and commercial centre in Kerala. Four major trading centers around Kollam are [[Kottarakara]], [[Punalur]], [[Paravur, Kollam|Paravur]], and [[Karunagapally]]. Kollam appeared as '''Palombe''' in [[John Mandeville|Mandeville]]'s ''[[Travels of Sir John Mandeville|Travels]]'', where he claimed it contained a [[Fountain of Youth]].<ref>Mandeville, John. ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/782/pg782.txt The Travels of Sir John Mandeville]''. Accessed 24 September 2011.</ref><ref>Kohanski, Tamarah & Benson, C. David (Eds.) ''The Book of John Mandeville''. Medieval Institute Publications (Kalamazoo), 2007. Op. cit. "[http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/tkap2.htm Indexed Glossary of Proper Names]". Accessed 24 September 2011.</ref>
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{{main|History of Kollam}}
[[File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|left|thumbnail|Names, routes and locations of the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' (1st century CE)]]
As the ancient city of Quilon, Kollam was a flourishing port during the [[Pandya dynasty]] (c. 3rd century BC–12th century), and later became the capital of the independent [[Venad]] or the Kingdom of Quilon on its foundation in c. 825. Kollam was considered one of the four early [[entrepot]]s in global sea trade during the 13th century, along with
===Pandya rule===
The ancient political and cultural history of Kollam was almost entirely independent from that of the rest of Kerala. The [[Chera dynasty]] governed the area of
Along with ([[Muziris]] and [[Tyndis]]), Quilon was an ancient seaport on the
[[Cosmas Indicopleustes]], a Greek [[Nestorian Christian|Nestorian]] sailor,<ref>{{cite web|author=Roger Pearse |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefathers/files/cosmas_00_0_eintro.htm |title=Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography. Preface to the online edition |publisher=Ccel.org |date=5 July 2003 |access-date=20 April 2013}}</ref> in his book the Christian Topography<ref>{{cite web|author=Roger Pearse |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefathers/files/cosmas_11_book11.htm |title=Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography (1897) pp. 358–373. Book 11 |publisher=Ccel.org |access-date=20 April 2013}}</ref> who visited the
Kollam is also home to one of the oldest mosques in [[Indian subcontinent]]. According to the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]], the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at [[Kodungallur]] with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of [[Chera dynasty]], who left from [[Dharmadom]] to
===Capital of Venad (9th to 12th centuries)===
{{see also |Kollam Port}}
[[File:Map of Kampili kingdom.png|thumb|300px|India in 1320 CE. The Kollam-
The port at Kollam, then known as Quilon, was founded in 825 by the Nestorian Christians [[Mar Sabor and Mar Proth]] with sanction from Ayyanadikal Thiruvadikal, the king of the independent
It is believed that Mar Sapor Iso also proposed that the Chera king create a new seaport near Kollam in lieu of his request that he rebuild the almost vanished inland seaport at Kollam (kore-ke-ni) near Backare (Thevalakara), also known as Nelcynda and Tyndis to the Romans and Greeks and as Thondi to the Tamils, which had been without trade for several centuries because the Cheras were overrun by the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]] in the sixth century, ending the spice trade from the Malabar coast. This allowed the Nestorians to stay in the Chera kingdom for several decades and introduce the Christian faith among the Nampoothiri Vaishnavites and Nair sub-castes in the St. Thomas tradition, with the Syrian liturgy as a basis for the Doctrine of the Trinity, without replacing the Sanskrit and Vedic prayers.<ref>History of Kollam city and Kollam Port [http://www.quilon.com/history.htm Quilon.com]</ref> The [[Tharisapalli plates]] presented to Maruvan Sapor Iso by Ayyanadikal Thiruvadikal granted the Christians the privilege of overseeing foreign trade in the city as well as control over its weights and measures in a move designed to increase Quilon's trade and wealth.{{sfnp|Malekandathil|2010}}<ref name="Sharma2010">{{cite book|author=Yogesh Sharma|title=Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTTGWSme30YC|year=2010|publisher=Primus Books|page=78|isbn=978-93-80607-00-9}}</ref> The two Christians were also instrumental in founding Christian churches with Syrian liturgy along the Malabar coast, distinct from the ancient Vedic Advaitam propounded by Adi Shankara in the early ninth century among the Nampoothiri Vaishnavites and [[Nair]] Sub Castes, as
Thus began the Malayalam Era, known as
=== Kollam as "Colombo" in the Catalan Atlas (1375)===
[[File:Sultan of Delhi (top) and King of Vijayanagar (bottom) in the Catalan Atlas of 1375.jpg|thumb|[[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]] (top, flag: [[File:Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png|15px]]) and the "King of Colombo" (Kollam) at the bottom (flag: [[File:Flag_of_the_Kigdom_of_Colombo,_Catalan_Atlas_1375.png|15px]], identified as Christian due to the early [[Saint Thomas Christians|Saint Thomas Christianity]] there, and the Catholic mission under [[Jordan Catala|Jordanus]] since 1329)<ref name="VL4">{{cite journal |last1=Liščák |first1=Vladimír |title=Mapa mondi (Catalan Atlas of 1375), Majorcan cartographic school, and 14th century Asia |journal=International Cartographic Association |date=2017 |volume=1 |pages=4–5 |doi=10.5194/ica-proc-1-69-2018 |bibcode=2018PrICA...1...69L |url=https://www.proc-int-cartogr-assoc.net/1/69/2018/ica-proc-1-69-2018.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref> in the contemporary [[Catalan Atlas]] of 1375.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Massing |first1=Jean Michel |last2=Albuquerque |first2=Luís de |last3=Brown |first3=Jonathan |last4=González |first4=J. J. Martín |title=Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration |date=1 January 1991 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-05167-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wMK-Ba0-RG4C&pg=PA30 |language=en}}</ref> Several of the location names are accurate.<ref>{{cite book |title=Cartography between Christian Europe and the Arabic-Islamic World, 1100-1500: Divergent Traditions |date=17 June 2021 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-44603-8 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eq0zEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA176 |language=en}}</ref> The caption next to the southern king reads: ''Here rules the king of Colombo, a Christian.''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Liščák |first1=Vladimír |title=Mapa mondi (Catalan Atlas of 1375), Majorcan cartographic school, and 14th century Asia |journal=International Cartographic Association |date=2017 |volume=1 |page=5 |doi=10.5194/ica-proc-1-69-2018 |bibcode=2018PrICA...1...69L |url=https://www.proc-int-cartogr-assoc.net/1/69/2018/ica-proc-1-69-2018.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref>]]
In 13th century CE, [[Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I]], a [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] ruler fought a war in
The text above the picture of the king says:
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The city was much frequented by the Genoese merchants during the 13th-14th centuries CE, followed by the Dominican and Franciscan friars from Europe. The Genoese merchants called the city Colõbo/Colombo.
The city was founded in 825 by Maruvān Sapir Iso, a Persian [[East Syriac Christian]] merchant, and was also Christianized early by the [[Saint Thomas Christians]]. In 1329 CE [[Pope John XXII]] established Kollam / Columbo as the first and only Roman Catholic bishopric on the Indian subcontinent, and appointed [[
According to a book authored by Ilarius Augustus, published April, 2021 ('''Christopher Columbus: Buried deep in Latin the Indian origin of the great explorer from Genoa''<nowiki/>'), the words Columbum, Columbus and Columbo appear for the
===Kozhikode Influences===
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===Portuguese, Dutch and British Trade and Influences (16th to 18th centuries)===
[[File:Thambiran Vanakkam 1578.JPG|thumbnail|''[[Thambiran Vanakkam]]'' was printed at Kollam, the capital of
[[File:Retrato de Afonso de Albuquerque (após 1545) - Autor desconhecido-cortado.png|thumb|Viceroy [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] established [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese rule]] in Kollam ({{lang-pt|Coulão}}), which lasted from 1502 until 1661.]]
The Portuguese arrived at [[Kappad]] [[Kozhikode]] in 1498 during the [[Age of Discovery]], thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to India.<ref>DC Books, Kottayam (2007), A. Sreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History</ref> They were the first Europeans to establish a trading center in
<gallery>
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{{main|Battle of Quilon}}
[[File:1756 Bellin Map of Kollam Fort, Kerala, India - Geographicus - Coylan-bellin-1756.jpg|thumb|Kollam fort in 1756 after it had passed from Portuguese rule to the Dutch.]]
The [[Battle of Quilon]] was fought in 1809 between a troop of the Indian kingdom of
===Travancore Rule===
In the early 18th century CE, the [[Travancore royal family]] adopted some members from the royal family of [[Kolathunadu]] based at [[Kannur]], and [[Parappanad]] based in present-day [[Malappuram district]].<ref>Travancore State Manual</ref> Later,
===Excavation at Kollam Port seabed===
[[File:Plan of Kollam 1850.jpg|thumb|Plan of Kollam 1850s]]
Excavations are going on at [[Kollam Port]] premises since February 2014 as the team has uncovered arrays of antique artifacts, including Chinese porcelain and coins.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/emergence-of-antiques-triggers-treasure-hunt-in-kollam/article5711850.ece |title=Emergence of antiques triggers treasure hunt in Kollam |work=The Hindu|date=21 February 2014 |access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> A Chinese team with the Palace Museum, a team from India with Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) discovered Chinese coins and artifacts that show trade links between Kollam and ancient China.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/from-china-on-a-coin-trail/article7192254.ece|date=2015-05-11|title=From China on a coin trail|access-date=2020-11-04|last=Pereira|first=Ignatius|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Kollam}}
[[File:Kollam Canal, Jan 2016.jpg|thumb|[[Kollam Canal]] near
Kollam city is bordered by the [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]]s of [[Neendakara]] and [[Thrikkaruva]] to the north, [[Mayyanad]] to the south, and [[Thrikkovilvattom]] and [[Kottamkara]] to the east, and by the
Kollam is an ancient trading town – trading with Romans, Chinese, Arabs, and other Orientals – mentioned in historical citations dating back to Biblical times and the reign of Solomon, connecting with Red Sea ports of the Arabian Sea (supported by a find of ancient Roman coins).<ref>{{cite web|title=The legendary beauty of Kollam|date=28 June 2023 |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/story-print/1159603}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=History of Kollam|url=http://paru.in/history-of-kollam|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602135640/http://paru.in/history-of-kollam|archive-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> There was also internal trade through the [[Aryankavu|Aryankavu Pass]] in [[Sengottai|Schenkottah Gap]] connecting the ancient town to Tamil Nadu. The overland trade in pepper by bullock cart and the trade over the waterways connecting [[Allepey]] and
===Climate===
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=== Population ===
{{As of|2011|alt=As of the 2011}} India census,<ref name=census>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/data/ker_uatowns.PDF|title=Kerala: Population, Population in the age group 0-6 and literates by sex – Urban Agglomeration /Town : 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004314/http://www.censusindia.net/results/data/ker_uatowns.PDF |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> Kollam city had a population of 349,033 with a density of 5,400 persons per square kilometre. The sex ratio (the number of females per 1,000 males) was 1,112, the highest in the state. The district of [[Kollam district|Kollam]] ranked seventh in population in the state while the city of Kollam ranked fourth. {{As of|2010}} Kollam had an average literacy rate of 93.77%,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kollam.nic.in/edu.html |title=Kollam District |publisher=kollam.nic.in |access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> higher than the national average of 74.04%. Male literacy stood at 95.83%, and female at 91.95%. In Kollam, 11% of the population was under six years of age. In May 2015, [[Government of Kerala]] have decided to expand [[Kollam Municipal Corporation|City Corporation of Kollam]] by merging
* Central Zone (''headquartered at [[Kollam Cantonment|Cantonment]]''), [[Kollam Municipal Corporation]]
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* [[Kilikollur]] Zone, [[Kollam Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Eravipuram]] Zone, [[Kollam Municipal Corporation]]
*
In 2014, former Kollam Mayor Mrs. Prasanna Earnest was selected as the Best Lady Mayor of [[South India]] by the Rotary Club of Trivandrum Royal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/award-for-kollam-mayor/article5865568.ece |title=Award for Kollam Mayor |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2014-04-03 |access-date=2014-06-06}}</ref>
=== Religion ===
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}}
[[File:Front Wide Anthonys Church Kollam Kerala Mar22 A7C 01676.jpg|thumb|St. Antony's Church, Vaddy, built 1910]]
The city of Kollam is a microcosm of
[[Muslim]]s account for 22.05% of Kollam's total population. As per the Census 2011 data, 80,935 is the total Muslim population in Kollam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population of Kollam City - Census 2011 data|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/461-kollam.html|access-date=25 March 2013|publisher=Census2011}}</ref> The Karbala Maidan and the adjacent Makani mosque serves as the Eid gah for the city. The 300-year-old Juma-'Ath Palli at Karuva houses the mortal remains of a Sufi saint, Syed Abdur Rahman Jifri.<ref>{{cite web|title=Important religious centres in Kollam|url=http://kollam.nic.in/reli.html|access-date=6 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Juma-Ath-Mosque|url=http://keralapilgrimcenters.com/muslim-juma-ath-palli-kollam-mosques/|access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref>
==Civic administration==
{{Main|Kollam Municipal Corporation}}
{{See also|Kollam City Police}}
[[File:British Residency in Asramam, Kollam.jpg|right|thumb|[[British Residency, Kollam|British Residency]] in [[Asramam]], Kollam - Till 1829, Quilon was the capital of the
Kollam City is a [[Kollam Municipal Corporation|Municipal Corporation]] with elected Councillors from its 55 divisions. The Mayor, elected from among the councillors, generally represents the political party holding a majority. The Corporation Secretary heads the office of the corporation. [[File:Location map India Kollam EN.svg|left|thumb|Map of
The police administration of the city falls under the [[Kollam City Police|Kollam City Police Commissionerate]] which is headed by an IPS ([[Indian Police Service]]) cadre officer and he reports to the [[Inspector General of Police]] (IGP) Thiruvananthapuram Range. The police administration comes under the State Home Department of the Government of Kerala. Kollam City is divided into three subdivisions, [[Karunagappally]], Kollam and [[Chathannoor]], each under an Assistant Commissioner of Police.
===Urban structure===
{{Main|Kollam Metropolitan Area}}
With a total urban population of 1,187,158<ref name="Panchayath Level Statistics - Kollam(2011)">{{cite web | url = http://www.ecostat.kerala.gov.in/docs/pdf/reports/ps/pskollam2011.pdf | title = Kollam District Level Statistics 2011 | access-date = 2014-01-01 | year = 2012 | publisher = ecostat.kerala.gov.in | archive-date = 2 January 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192758/http://www.ecostat.kerala.gov.in/docs/pdf/reports/ps/pskollam2011.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> and 349,033 as city corporation's population, Kollam is the fourth most populous city in the state and 49th on the [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|list of the most populous urban agglomerations in India]]. {{As of|2011}} the city's urban growth rate of 154.59% was the second highest in the state.<ref name="Census India-2011 - Kollam">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2-vol2/data_files/kerala/Analysis_Census_Data.pdf | title = ANALYSIS OF CENSUS DATA - Census of India Website | publisher = censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> The Metropolitan area of Kollam includes Uliyakovil, [[Adichanalloor]], [[Adinad]], [[Ayanivelikulangara]],
The Kerala Government has decided to develop the City of Kollam as a "Port City of Kerala". Regeneration of the [[Maruthadi]]-[[Eravipuram]] area including construction of facilities for fishing, tourism and entertainment projects will be implemented as part of the project.<ref name="Kollam - Port City Project - News published in Mathrubhumi Daily">{{cite web | url = http://i1324.photobucket.com/albums/u606/quilonsky/Mathrubhumi_zps52ba640e.png | title = Kollam - Port City Project | year = 2013}}</ref>
==Economy==
{{main|Economy of Kollam}}
[[File:RP Mall, Kollam.jpg|thumb|[[RP Mall, Kollam]]]]
[[File:Chinese Fishing Net Raising Birds Sunrise Ashtamudi Kollam Mar22 A7C 01784.jpg|right|thumb|A large [[Chinese fishing nets|Chinese fishing net]] at
The city life of Kollam has changed in the last decade. In terms of economic performance and [[per capita income]], Kollam city is in fifth position from India and [[List of Kerala cities by GDP|third in Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/delhi-ranked-23rd-in-mega-survey-of-53-indian-cities/article1-1358453.aspx |title=Delhi ranked 23rd in mega survey of 53 Indian cities |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 June 2015 |access-date=26 June 2015 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626182426/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/delhi-ranked-23rd-in-mega-survey-of-53-indian-cities/article1-1358453.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kollam is famous as a city with excellent export background.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dgft.gov.in/exim/2000/AppANFS2015.pdf |title=APPENDICES AND AAYAT NIRYAT FORMS |publisher=Govt. of India |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701150541/http://dgft.gov.in/exim/2000/AppANFS2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 5 star, 4 star and 3 star hotels, multi-storied shopping malls, branded jewellery, textile showrooms and car showrooms have started operations in the city and suburbs. Kollam was the third city in Kerala (after [[Kozhikode]] and
Dairy farming is fairly well developed. Also there is a chilling plant in the city. Kollam is an important maritime and port city. Fishing has a place in the economy of the district. Neendakara and [[Sakthikulangara]] villages in the suburbs of the city have fisheries. An estimated 134,973 persons are engaged in fishing and allied activities. Cheriazheekkal, Alappad, Pandarathuruthu, Puthenthura, [[Neendakara]],
There are two Central Government industrial operations in the city, the Indian Rare Earths, Chavara and [[Parvathy Mills Limited|Parvathi Mills Ltd.]], Kollam. Kerala Ceramics Ltd. in [[Kundara]], Kerala Electrical and Allied Engineering Company in [[Kundara]], Kerala Premo Pipe factory in
[[File:Kollam technopark, Kundara.jpg|thumb|Technopark Kollam]]
Besides large deposits of China clay in Kundara, Mulavana and Chathannoor, there are also lime-shell deposits in Ashtamudi Lake and Bauxite deposits in Adichanallur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kollam.gov.in/reso.html|title=resources - Kollam|access-date=10 January 2014|archive-date=18 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118081338/http://kollam.gov.in/reso.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Known as the "Cashew Capital of the World", Kollam is noted for its traditional
Kollam is one of many seafood export hubs in India with numerous companies involved in the sector. Most of these are based in the [[Maruthadi]], [[Sakthikulangara]], [[Kavanad]], [[Neendakara]], [[Asramam]], [[Kilikollur]], [[Thirumullavarum|Thirumullavaram]] and [[Uliyakovil]] areas of the city.<ref>[http://www.keralaexporters.com/categories/food/] Kerala Exporters</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mpeda.com/exporters/IQF/ExportersOtherMarineProducts.htm |title=Other Items |access-date=2014-11-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043858/http://www.mpeda.com/exporters/IQF/ExportersOtherMarineProducts.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}} Kollam - Marine Food Exporters</ref> Capithans, Kings Marine Exporters, India Food Exports and Oceanic Fisheries are examples of seafood exporters.<ref>[http://e-mpeda.nic.in/registration/Exporter_Item.aspx?pcode=05&product=Live%20other%20than%20ornamental%20fish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209205334/http://e-mpeda.nic.in/registration/Exporter_Item.aspx?pcode=05&product=Live%20other%20than%20ornamental%20fish|date=9 December 2014}} Registered Kerala Exporters</ref>
{{see also|Ashtamudi Lake}}
Kollam's
==Culture==
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{{See also|Kollam Airport}}
[[File:Old Airport, Kollam.jpg|thumb|right|Old [[Kollam Airport]] area, [[Asramam]]]]
The city corporation of Kollam is served by the [[Trivandrum International Airport]], which is about 56 kilometers from the city via NH66
===Rail===
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[[File:Main terminal of Kollam Junction railway station, Jan 2017.jpg|right|thumb|Main terminal of [[Kollam Junction railway station]]]]
{{rws|Kollam Junction}} is the second largest railway station in Kerala in area, after [[Shoranur Junction]], with a total of 6 platforms. The station has 17 rail tracks. Kollam junction has world's third longest railway platform, measuring 1180.5 m(3873 ft).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/asia/west-bengal-tea-plantations-and-other-rajera-relics-9835426.html |title=West Bengal: tea plantations and other Raj-era relics|access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref>
Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit ([[MEMU]]) have a maintenance shed at Kollam Junction. The MEMU services started from Kollam to Ernakulam via Alappuzha and Kottayam in the second week of January 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article163030.ece|
A new suburban rail system has been proposed by the Kerala Government and Indian Railways on the route
===Road===
The city of Kollam is connected to almost all the cities and major towns in the state, including [[Trivandrum]],
{{Multiple image
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| caption2 = [[Kollam Bypass]] - The {{cvt|13.141|km|adj=on}} long Kollam Bypass project was actually planned in 1975 but works got delayed due to political and financial issues
| image3 = KSRTC Bus Station, Kollam.jpg
| caption3 = [[Kollam KSRTC Bus Station]] is situated at the banks of famous
| image4 = Traffic Thevally Bridge Kollam Kerala Mar22 A7C 01797.jpg
| caption4 = Traffic on the Thevally Bridge connecting Thevally to Kottayathukadavu, over [[National Waterway 3]],
| total_width =
| alt1 =
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===Water===
[[File:Houseboat Thevally Bridge Ashtamudi Kollam Mar22 R16 05860.jpg|thumb|Houseboat passing under Thevally Bridge]]
The [[Kerala State Water Transport Department|State Water Transport Department]] operates boat services to [[West Kallada]],
Double decker luxury boats run between Kollam and
[[Kollam Port]] is the second largest port in Kerala, after [[Cochin Port Trust]]. It is one of two international ports in Kerala. Cargo handling facilities began operation in 2013.<ref>''[http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/18/stories/2009061855000700.htm Kollam port starts cargo handling]{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}''. Accessed 29 July 2014.</ref> Foreign ships arrive in the port regularly with the MV Alina, a {{convert|145|m|adj=on}} vessel registered in Antigua anchored at the port on 4{{nbsp}}April 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Foreign-Ship-Reaches-Kollam-Port/2014/04/05/article2150731.ece#.U0I8V9LHm-0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408225152/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Foreign-Ship-Reaches-Kollam-Port/2014/04/05/article2150731.ece#.U0I8V9LHm-0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 April 2014 |title=Foreign Ship Reaches Kollam Port|publisher=The New Indian Express |date=5 April 2014 |access-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> Once the Port starts functioning in full-fledged, it will make the transportation activities of Kollam-based cashew companies more easy.<ref>''[http://www.shippingtribune.com/kollam-cashew-importers-suffering-due-port-congestion-tuticorin-terminal/ Kollam cashew importers suffering due to port congestion at tuticorin terminal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814143721/http://www.shippingtribune.com/kollam-cashew-importers-suffering-due-port-congestion-tuticorin-terminal/ |date=14 August 2014 }}''. Accessed 29 July 2014.</ref> Shreyas Shipping Company is now running a regular container service between [[Kollam Port]] and [[Cochin Port|Kochi Port]].<ref>''[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/shreyas-shipping-starts-kochikollam-container-service/article5339784.ece Shreyas Shipping starts Kochi-Kollam container service]''. Accessed 29 July 2014.</ref><ref>''[http://www.eximin.net/NewsDetails.aspx?name=73939 Shreyas Shipping inaugurates Kollam port with new service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729183244/http://www.eximin.net/NewsDetails.aspx?name=73939 |date=29 July 2014 }}''. Accessed 29 July 2014.</ref>
==Education==
{{Main|Education in Kollam district}}
[[File:Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala.jpg|200px|thumb|[[T.K.M. College of Engineering|TKM Engineering College]] in [[Karicode]]|alt=Ornate, pink-and-white building with traditional Mughal architecture|left]]
There are many respected colleges, schools and learning centres in Kollam. The city and suburbs contribute greatly to education by providing the best and latest knowledge to the scholars. The [[T.K.M. College of Engineering|Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering]], the first private school of its kind in the state, is at [[Kilikollur]], about {{cvt|7|km}} east of Kollam city, and is a source of pride for all Kollamites. The Government of Kerala has granted academic autonomy to [[Fatima Mata National College]], another prestigious institution in the city.<ref name="Autonomy: 13 colleges in the list">{{cite web | url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Autonomy-13-colleges-in-the-final-list/2013/12/24/article1962583.ece | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140108131951/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Autonomy-13-colleges-in-the-final-list/2013/12/24/article1962583.ece | url-status = dead | archive-date = 8 January 2014 | title = Autonomy: 13 colleges in the list | access-date = 2014-01-08 | year = 2012 | publisher = The New Indian Express}}</ref> Sree Narayana College, [[Bishop Jerome Institute]] (an integrated campus providing Architecture, Engineering and Management courses), and Travancore Business Academy are other important colleges in the city. There are two law colleges in the city, [[Sree Narayana Guru College of Legal Studies]] under the control of [[Sree Narayana Trust]] and N S S Law College managed by the N.S.S. There are also some best schools in Kollam including Trinity Lyceum School, Infant Jesus School, St Aloysius H.S.S, The oxford school, Sri Sri Academy etc.
[[File:SN Law College, Kollam.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sree Narayana Guru College of Legal Studies]] in Karbala]]
[[Kerala State Institute of Design]] (KSID), a design institute under Department of labour and Skills, [[Government of Kerala]], is located at Chandanathope in Kollam. It was established in 2008 and was one of the first state-owned design institutes in India. KSID currently conducts Post Graduate Diploma Programs in Design developed in association with [[National Institute of Design]], Ahmedabad.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Admission-Process-Starts-at-KSID-for-New-Diploma-Courses/2015/05/14/article2812971.ece|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150516123319/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Admission-Process-Starts-at-KSID-for-New-Diploma-Courses/2015/05/14/article2812971.ece|url-status = dead|archive-date = 16 May 2015|title = Admission Process Starts at KSID for New Diploma Courses}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/institute-of-design-inaugurated/article1277100.ece|title = Institute of design inaugurated}}</ref>
[[Indian Institute of Infrastructure and Construction|Indian Institute of Infrastructure and Construction (IIIC-Kollam)]] is an institute of international standards situated at
Apart from colleges, there are a number of bank coaching centres in Kollam.<ref name="Bank test coaching Centres - Kollam">{{cite web | url = http://careeradda.co.in/index.php?topic=3021.0 | title = Which is the best banking coaching centre in India - Kollam | access-date = 2014-08-09}}</ref> Kollam is known as India's hub for bank test coaching centres with around 40 such institutes in the district.<ref name="Kollam - The bank test coaching hub of India">{{cite news | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Engineering-graduates-opt-for-banking-sector/articleshow/16597692.cms | title = Engineering graduates opt for banking sector | access-date = 2014-08-09 |work = Times of India| date = 29 September 2012 }}</ref> Students from various Indian states such as [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] also come here for coaching.
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==Sports==
Cricket is the most popular sport, followed by hockey and football. Kollam is home to a number of local cricket, hockey and football teams participating in district, state-level and zone matches. An [[International Hockey Stadium, Kollam|International Hockey Stadium]] with astro-turf facility is there at [[Asramam]] in the city, built at a cost of Rs. 13 crore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article86081.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905021813/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article86081.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 September 2014 |title=Astro-turf hockey stadium |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=22 February 2018}}</ref> The land for the construction of the stadium was taken over from the Postal Department at Asramam, Kollam. The city has another stadium named the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium (Kollam)|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Kollam]]. It is a multipurpose stadium and has repeatedly hosted such sports events as the Ranji Trophy, Santhosh Trophy and National Games.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Kerala/Grounds/1095_f.html |title=KCA-Cricket Archive |publisher=Cricket Archive |access-date=22 February 2018 |archive-date=7 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507020928/http://cricketarchive.com/Kerala/Grounds/1095_f.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Two open grounds in the city, the [[Asramam Maidan]] and [[Peeranki Maidan]], are also used for sports events, practice and warm-up matches.
== Tourist places ==
*[[Palaruvi Falls]]
*
*[[Shenduruny Wildlife Sanctuary]]
*[[Ashtamudi]]
*[[Paravur, Kollam|Paravur]]
*[[Jatayu Earth's Center Nature Park]]
*[[Kollam Beach]]
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*[[Aryankavu]]
*[[Oachira]]
*[[Sasthamcotta lake]]
*[[Sambranikodi island]]
*[[Puthenkulam]]
*[[Polachira]]
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;Hindus and temples
[[File:Kottarakkara Temple(HighResoluion).jpg|thumb|right|Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Kshethram]]
[[Anandavalleeshwaram Sri Mahadevar Temple]] is a 400 years old ancient Hindu temple in the city. The 400-year-old [[Sanctum sanctorum]] of this temple is finished in teak.<ref>{{cite news|title=400-year-old sreekovil to be replaced|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/400yearold-sreekovil-to-be-replaced/article7468835.ece|access-date=13 October 2015|work=The Hindu|date=26 July 2015 }}</ref> [[Ammachiveedu Muhurthi|Ammachiveedu Muhurthi temple]] is another major temple in the city that have been founded around 600 years ago by the Ammachi Veedu family, aristocrats from Kollam.<ref name="kollamcity1">[http://www.kollamcity.com/index.php?menu=other&menu1=Religious Ammachiveedu Muhurthi Temple] at kollamcity.com</ref><ref name="thekeralatemples1">[http://www.thekeralatemples.com/templeinfo/others/ammachiveedu_muhurthi.htm Ammachiveedu Muhurthi Temple] at thekeralatemples.com</ref> The [[Kollam pooram]], a major festival of Kollam, is the culmination of a ten-day festival, normally in mid April, of [[Asramam Sree Krishna Swamy Temple]].<ref name="Hindu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/05/stories/2008040551540300.htm|title=The Hindu : Kerala / Kollam News : Kollam Pooram on April 15|date=9 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409111532/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/05/stories/2008040551540300.htm |archive-date=9 April 2008 }}</ref> [[Kottankulangara Devi Temple]] is one of the world-famous Hindu temples in
;Christianity and churches
[[File:Kollam neue Kathedrale.JPG|thumb|right|Infant Jesus Cathedral in
The [[Infant Jesus Cathedral]] in
'''Muslims and mosques'''[[File:കരുനാഗപ്പള്ളിമുസ്ലീംപള്ളി.jpg|right|thumb|Karunagappally Mosque]]
Kottukadu Juma Masjid in
==Notable people==
*[[List of people from Kollam]]
==See also==
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