Content deleted Content added
m ce |
ce |
||
Line 23:
The magnitude of freshets depends on snow accumulation and temperature. Smaller freshets have been associated with [[El Niño]] conditions, where the milder conditions lead to lower snow accumulations. The opposite is true under [[La Niña]] conditions. Runoff from freshets is a major contributor of nutrients to lakes. In [[La Niña]] conditions with stronger freshets, higher runoff, and high nutrient inputs, more positive [[ecological indicator]] species ([[Arcella]]cea) are present in lakes, indicating lower levels of ecological stress.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Neville|first1=Lisa|last2=Gammon|first2=Paul|last3=Patterson|first3=Timothy|last4=Swindles|first4=Graeme|date=May 2015|title=Climate Cycles Drive Aquatic Ecologic Changes in the Fort McMurray Region of Northern Alberta, Canada|journal=GeoConvention 2015}}</ref> In [[El Niño]] conditions, smaller freshets contribute less runoff and result in lower nutrient inputs to lakes and rivers. In these conditions, fewer positive ecological indicator species are present.<ref name=":1" />
Migratory fish, such as [[salmon]] and [[trout]], are highly responsive to freshets. In low flows present at the end of freshets, fish are more likely to ascend streams (move upstream). During high flows at the peak of a freshet, fish are more likely to descend streams.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Huntsman|first=A. G.|date=January 1948|title=Freshets and Fish|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240765282|journal=Transactions of the American Fisheries Society|volume=75|pages=257–266|doi=10.1577/1548-8659(1945)75[257:FAF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> There are some species of fish that are less effected from freshets than others. Goby ''Pomatoschistus''ssp for example, show similar patterns of migration and recover in population abundance and distribution after/during freshet conditions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miro |first1=JM |date=December 23, 2023 |title=Effects of freshet events on early life stages of fish and macroinvertebrates in a highly turbid estuary of Iberian Peninsula |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771423003499 |journal=
=== Biogeochemical Impacts ===
| |||