Eleventh chord: Difference between revisions

[[Image:Minor eleventh chord Herbie Hancock Maiden Voyage.png|thumb|Opening minor eleventh chord (Am⁷/D) from [[Herbie Hancock]]'s "[[Maiden Voyage (composition)|Maiden Voyage]]".<ref name="Kernfeld">Kernfeld, Barry (1997). ''What to Listen for in Jazz'', p.68. {{ISBN |978-0-300-07259-4}}.</ref> {{audio|Minor eleventh chord Herbie Hancock Maiden Voyage.mid|Play}}]]

In [[music theory]], an '''eleventh chord''' is a [[chord (music)|chord]] that contains the [[tertian]] [[extended chord|extension]] of the [[eleventh]]. Typically found in [[jazz]], an eleventh chord also usually includes the [[seventh (chord)|seventh]] and [[ninth]], and elements of the basic [[triad (music)|triad]] structure. Variants include the '''dominant eleventh''', '''minor eleventh''', and the '''major eleventh chord'''. Symbols include: Caug¹¹, C^9aug11, C⁹⁺¹¹, C^9alt11, Cm⁹⁽¹¹⁾, C−⁹⁽¹¹⁾.<ref>Smith, Johnny (1980). ''Mel Bay's Complete Johnny Smith Approach to Guitar'', p.231. {{ISBN |978-1-56222-239-0}}.</ref> The eleventh in an eleventh chord is, "almost always sharpened, especially in jazz,"<ref name="Miller">Miller, Michael (2004). ''Complete Idiot's Guide to Solos and Improvisation'', p.52. {{ISBN |978-1-59257-210-6}}.</ref> at least in reference to the third, with CM¹¹ (major eleventh): C–E–G–B–D–F{{music|sharp}}, Cm11 (minor eleventh): C-E{{music|flat}}-G-B{{music|flat}}-D-F, and C¹¹ (dominant eleventh): C–E–G–B{{music|flat}}–D–F.<ref name="Miller"/>

In the [[common practice period]], "the root, 7th, 9th, and 11th are the most common factors present in the V¹¹ chord," with the 3rd and 5th, "typically omitted".<ref name="B&S 183-84">Benward & Saker (2009). Music in Theory and Practice: Volume II, p.183-84. Eighth Edition. {{ISBN |978-0-07-310188-0}}.</ref> The eleventh is usually retained as a common tone when the "V¹¹ resolves to I or i".<ref name="B&S 183-84" />