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<div style="border: none; width:200px;"><div class="thumbcaption">Biology is the study of the many varieties of [[life]] ''(clockwise from top-left)'' ''[[E. coli]]'', [[tree fern]], [[gazelle]], [[Goliathus|Goliath beetle]]</div></div></div>
 
'''Biology''' (from [[Greek Language|Greek]] βιολογίαβιολογος - βίος, ''bios'', "[[life]]"; -λογίαλογος, ''[[-logy|-logos]], study of'') is the [[science]] that studies living [[organism]]s. Prior to the nineteenth century, biology came under the general study of all natural objects called [[natural history]]. The term ''biology'' was first coined by [[Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus]].{{Fact|date=June 2009}} It is now a standard subject of instruction at schools and universities around the world, and over a million papers are published annually in a wide array of biology and medicine [[Academic journal|journals]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Biology: A Functional Approach|author=King, TJ & Roberts, MBV|publisher=Thomas Nelson and Sons|date=1986|isbn=978-0174480358|oclc=20717292}}</ref>
 
Biology examines the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution and classification of all [[Life|living]] things. Five unifying principles form the foundation of modern biology: [[cell theory]], [[evolution]], [[gene|gene theory]], [[energy]], and [[homeostasis]].<ref name="avila_biology">{{cite book |author=Avila, Vernon L. |title=Biology: Investigating life on earth |publisher=Jones and Bartlett |location=Boston |year=1995 |pages=11–18|isbn=0-86720-942-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>