The branch of anthropology that studies the processes of biological evolution, the durability, and ethnic diversity of modern humans, higher primates, and the fossil record of human evolution is known as biological anthropology (or natural anthropology or biological anthropology).
Before the theories of Alfred Russell Wallis and Charles Darwin in natural selection and Gregor Mendel's thesis on the laws of inheritance, physical anthropology emerged in the nineteenth century AD.
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The study of human bones is known as human osteology.
The study of disease in antiquity is known as paleopathology. This research looks at trophic abnormalities, changes in height or bone morphology over time, evidence from physical trauma, and evidence derived from stress in professional biomechanical practice, rather than pathogenic disorders that can be seen in bone or soft mummified tissue.
To locate modern human remains or recreate events surrounding a person's death, forensic anthropologists use paleopathology and archeology, human orthopedics, and other anthropological techniques.
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In anthropology, taxonomy refers to the classification of human beings based on physical features that can be seen from afar (such as main shape, skin color, hair shape, body structure and length). Anthropologists used taxonomic models to classify people from different ethnic regions into different races and races throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.(such as the negroid race, Caucasian race, mongoloid race, Australoid race, and Capoid race, which were the racial classification system until raccoon s. Carleton in 1962)