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|url=http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN00523.pdf
|page=3, note 11
|access-date=4 Nov 2016}}</ref> Bi-lateral [[air services agreement]]s govern the tax exemption of aviation fuels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fuel Service and Aviation Fuel |url=https://www.jetex.com/fuel-service/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=FBO Networks, Ground Handling, Trip Planning, Premium Jet Fuel |language=en-US}}</ref>{{cn|date=November 2022}} In the course of an EU initiative, many of these agreements have been modified to allow taxation.{{cn|date=November 2022}} A motion for a European Parliament resolution on a European Strategy for Low-emission Mobility has stated that "the possibilities for harmonised international measures for kerosene taxation for aviation" needs to be explored.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+REPORT+A8-2017-0356+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=en|title=REPORT on a European Strategy for Low-Emission Mobility - A8-0356/2017|website=www.europarl.europa.eu|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206135928/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT+REPORT+A8-2017-0356+0+DOC+XML+V0%2F%2FEN&language=en|archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>
A worry is that a local aviation fuel tax would cause increased [[tankering]], where airlines carry extra fuel from low tax jurisdictions. This extra weight increases fuel burn, thus a local fuel tax could potentially increase overall fuel consumption.<ref name="HoC Library"/> To avoid increased tankering, a worldwide aviation fuel tax has been proposed.{{By whom|date=November 2022}} Australia and the United States oppose a worldwide aviation fuel tax, but a number of other countries have expressed interest.{{cn|date=November 2022}}
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