Aravalli Range: Difference between revisions

The '''Aravalli Range''' (also spelled ''Aravali'') is a mountain range in [[North India|Northern]]-[[West India|Western India]], running approximately {{convert|670|km|abbr=on}} in a south-west direction, starting near [[Delhi]], passing through southern [[Haryana]],<ref name=ara8>{{cite web|url=http://aravalibiodiversitypark.in/?q=node/1 |title=Aravalli Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528194722/http://aravalibiodiversitypark.in/?q=node%2F1 |archive-date=28 May 2012}}</ref> [[Rajasthan]], and ending in Ahmedabad [[Gujarat]].<ref name=ara3>{{citation|last=Kohli|first=M.S.|title=Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure, Pilgrimage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIs4zv17HHwC&pg=PA29|year=2004|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-135-1|pages=29–}}</ref><ref name=ara4>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kpd9lLY_0-IC&q=Aravali&pg=PA92 |chapter=Aravali Range |title=Students' Britannica India |author1=Dale Hoiberg |author2=Indu Ramchandani |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 |pages=92–93}}</ref> The highest peak is [[Guru Shikhar]] on Mount Abu at {{convert|1722|m|abbr=on}}. The Aravalli Range is arguably the oldest geological feature on [[Earth]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Verma|first1=P. K.|last2=Greiling|first2=R. O.|date=1995-12-01|title=Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli orogen (NW India): an inverted Proterozoic rift basin?|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00240560|journal=Geologische Rundschau|language=en|volume=84|issue=4|pages=683–696|doi=10.1007/BF00240560|bibcode=1995GeoRu..84..683V |s2cid=129382615|issn=1432-1149}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=1990-01-01|title=Evolution of the Precambrian Crust of the Aravalli Mountain Range|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166263508701737|journal=Developments in Precambrian Geology|language=en|volume=8|pages=327–347|doi=10.1016/S0166-2635(08)70173-7|issn=0166-2635|last1=Roy|first1=A.B.|isbn=9780444883100}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 11, 2015|title=International Mountain Day: India has the oldest and the youngest mountains in the world|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/international-mountain-day-276734-2015-12-11|access-date=2021-06-28|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aravalli Hills Are the Oldest Fold Mountains of the World|url=https://www.campwilddhauj.in/aravali-valley-651#:~:text=Aravalli%20Hills%20Are%20the%20Oldest%20Fold%20Mountains%20of%20the%20World|access-date=2021-06-28|website=www.campwilddhauj.in}}</ref> having its origin in the [[Proterozoic]] era.

**** [[Tosham Hill range]] basement rocks include quartzite with [[chiastolite]], the upper layers of [[quartz porphyry]] [[Ring dike|ring dyke]], [[felsite]], [[welded tuff]] and [[muscovite]] [[biotite]] [[granite]] rocks which have commercially nonviable tin, tungsten and copper. The [[Tosham Hill range]], west of Bhiwani in Haryana, is the northernmost end of the Aravalli range. A northeastern extension of the Aravalli extends to the national capital of India also. Locally known as a ridge it diagonally traverses to the [[South Delhi]] (hills of [[Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary]]), where at the hills of Bandhwari, it meets the Haryana Aravalli range consisting of various isolated hills and rocky ridges passing along the southern border of [[Haryana]].<ref name=ara7>{{cite journal |lastlast1=Bhuiyan |firstfirst1=C. |last2=Singh |first2=R. P. |last3=Kogan |first3=F. N. |year=2006 |title=Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=289–302 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2006.03.002 |bibcode=2006IJAEO...8..289B }}</ref>

The [[Tosham Hill range#Tosham Hill range Indus Valley civilization mines and smelters|Tosham hills]] have several [[Indus Valley civilization]] sites in and around the hill range as the area falls under copper-bearing zone of Southwest Haryana and Northeast Rajasthan of Aravalli hill range.<ref name=law3>{{cite journal |firstfirst1=N. |lastlast1=Kochhar |first2=R. |last2=Kochhar |first3=D. K. |last3=Chakrabarti |year=1999 |title=A New Source of Primary Tin Ore in the Indus Civilisation |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=115–118 |doi=10.1080/02666030.1999.9628571 }}</ref><ref name=law4>{{cite book |first=D. K. |last=Chakrabarti |year=2014 |chapter=Distribution and Features of the Harappan Settlements |title=History of India II : Protohistoric Foundation |publisher=[[Vivekananda International Foundation]] |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7305-481-5 |pages=97–143 }}</ref>