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{{short description|Mountain range in western India}}
{{about|the mountain range|the district in Gujarat|
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Aravalli Range
| other_name =
| photo = Aravalli.jpg
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| etymology =
| photo_size = 300
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = The Aravali Range in [[Rajasthan]]
| map_image = India Geographic Map.jpg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Topographic map of India showing the range
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| location =
| label =
| label_position =
| elevation =
| elevation_m = 1722
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_ref =
| prominence =
| prominence_m =
| prominence_ft =
| prominence_ref =
| isolation =
| isolation_km =
| isolation_mi =
| isolation_ref =
| highest = [[Guru Shikhar]], [[Mount Abu]]
| parent_peak =
| listing =
| translation =
| language =
| pronunciation = {{IPA-hi| əɾaːʋ(ə)li}}
| coordinates = {{coord|24|35|33|N|74|42|30|E|type:mountain_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline}}
| range_coordinates = {{coord|25|N|73.5|E|type:mountain_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| length_km = 670
| length_orientation =
| width_km =
| width_orientation =
| area_km2 =
| topo_map =
| mountain_type =
| age = {{enum||[[Precambrian]] <!-- age of rocks -->}}
| last_eruption =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
| normal_route =
| access =
| child =
| embedded =
| country = India
| subdivision1_type = States
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}}
The '''Aravalli Range''' (also spelled ''Aravali'') is a mountain range in [[North India|Northern]]-[[
The Aravalli Range is rich in [[natural
== Etymology ==
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{{main|Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains}} {{see also | Geology of India}}
[[File:Indiahills.png|thumb|upright=1.36|Map of prominent mountain ranges in India, showing Aravalli in north-west India]]
The Aravalli Range, an eroded stub of ancient mountains, is believed to be the oldest range of [[fold mountains]] in India.<ref name=ara6>Roy, A. B. (1990). Evolution of the Precambrian crust of the Aravalli Range. Developments in Precambrian Geology, 8, 327–347.</ref> The [[natural history]] of the Aravalli Range dates back to times when the [[Indian Plate]] was separated from the [[Eurasian Plate]] by an ocean. The Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi [[orogenic belt]] in northwest India is similar to the younger Himalayan-type orogenic belts of the [[Mesozoic]]-[[Cenozoic]] era (of the [[Phanerozoic]]) in terms of component parts and appears to have passed through a near-orderly [[Supercontinent cycle#Description|Wilson supercontinental cycle of events]]. The range rose in a [[Precambrian]] event called the [[Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains#Aravalli Orogeny|Aravalli]]-[[Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains#Delhi Orogeny|Delhi Orogen]]. The Aravalli Range is a northeast–southwest trending orogenic belt located in the northwestern part of Indian Peninsula. It is part of the [[Indian Shield]] that formed from a series of [[craton]]ic collisions.<ref name=":0">Mishra, D.C.; Kumar, M. Ravi. Proterozoic orogenic belts and rifting of Indian cratons: Geophysical constraints. Geoscience Frontiers. 2013 March. 5: 25–41.</ref> In ancient times, Aravalli were extremely high but since have worn down almost completely from millions of years of [[weathering]], whereas the [[Himalayas]], young fold mountains, are still continuously rising. Aravalli have stopped growing higher due to the cessation of upward thrust caused by the [[tectonic plates]] in the [[Earth's crust]] below them. The Aravalli Range joins two of the ancient
[[File:Subduction-en.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Volcanic arc and geological process of undersea subduction during tectonic collusion]]
[[File:ConMarRJS.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Global [[convergent boundary]] of [[Plate tectonics#Types of plate boundaries|plate margins]]]]
It consists of two main [[Sequence (geology)|sequences]] formed in the [[Proterozoic]] [[Eon (geology)|eon]], [[metasedimentary rock]] (sedimentary rocks [[metamorphism|
The Aravalli-Delhi Orogen is an [[orogen]] event that led to a large structural deformation of the Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle, such as Aravalli and Himalayas fold mountains) due to the interaction between tectonic plates when a continental plate is crumpled and is pushed upwards to form mountain ranges, and involve a great range of geological processes collectively called [[orogenesis]].<ref name=Waltham>{{cite book |title=Foundations of Engineering Geology |author=Tony Waltham |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JGtIHJTXaI4C&pg=PA20 |isbn=978-0-415-46959-3 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |date=2009 |edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name=Vine>{{cite book |title=Global Tectonics |author=Philip Kearey |author2=Keith A. Klepeis |author3=Frederick J. Vine |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYqZntfg25UC&pg=PA287 |page=287 |chapter=Chapter 10: Orogenic belts |isbn=978-1-4051-0777-8 |date=2009 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |edition=3rd}}</ref>
=== Minerals ===
The [[Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains#Evolution of the Archean Basement|archean basement]] had served as a [[Indenter tectonics|rigid indentor]] which controlled the overall [[Mantle wedge|wedge shaped geometry]] of the orogen. [[Lithology]] of area shows that the base rocks of Aravalli are of Mewar Gneiss formed by high-grade regional [[Metamorphism|metamorphic]] processes from preexisting formations that were originally [[sedimentary rock]] with earliest life form that were formed during the [[archean]] eon, these contain fossils of [[unicellular organism]] such as [[green algae]] and [[cyanobacteria]] in [[stromatolite|stromatolitic]] carbonate ocean reefs formed during the [[paleoproterozoic]] [[Era (geology)|era]]. [[Sedimentary exhalative deposits]] of [[base metal]] [[sulfide]] ores formed extensively along several, long, linear zones in the Bhilwara aulacogen or produced local concentration in the rifted Aravalli continental margin, where rich stromatolitic [[phosphorite]]s also formed. [[Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains]] shows Mewar
=== Mining ===
Mining of copper and other metals in the Aravalli range dates back to at least the 5th century BCE, based on [[carbon dating]].<ref name=ara9>SM Gandhi (2000) Chapter 2 – Ancient Mining and Metallurgy in Rajasthan, Crustal Evolution and Metallogeny in the Northwestern Indian Shield: A Festschrift for Asoke Mookherjee, {{ISBN|978-1842650011}}</ref><ref>Shrivastva, R. (1999). Mining of copper in ancient India. Indian Journal of History of Science, 34, 173–180</ref> Recent research indicates that copper was already mined here during the [[Sothi (archaeology)|Sothi]]-[[Siswal]] period going back to
=== Geographical features ===
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[[File:Arbuda Mountains.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|The Aravalli Range, seen from the range's highest point at [[Guru Shikhar]], in Rajasthan.]]
The [[Geography of India#Cratons|Indian Craton]] includes [[List of shields and cratons#Indian Subcontinent|five major cratons]]. Cratons are part of [[continental crust]] made up of upper layer called [[Platform (geology)|platforms]] and older bottom layer called [[Basement (geology)|basement rocks]]. [[Shield (geology)|shield]]s are part of a craton where basement rock [[Outcrop|crops out]] at the surface and it is the relatively oldest and most stable part that are undeformed by the [[plate tectonics]]. The [[Aravalli Craton]] (Marwar-Mewar Craton or Western Indian Craton) covers [[Rajasthan]] as well as [[Tosham Hill range|western]] and [[South Haryana|southern]] [[Haryana]]. It includes the Mewar Craton in the east and Marwar Craton in the west. It is limited by the Great Boundary Fault in the east, the [[Thar
==== Tectonic-stratigraphic evolution ====
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The stratigraphic classification of the Aravalli Range can be divided into the following parts (north to south direction):
* The Archean basement is a banded gneissic complex with [[schists]] (medium grade metamorphic rock), [[gneiss]]es (high grade regional metamorphic rock), [[Peninsular Gneiss|composite gneiss]] and [[quartzite]]s. It forms the basement rock for both the Delhi Supergroup and the Aravalli Supergroup.
* Aravalli Supergroup: The Aravalli supergroup passes through [[Rajasthan]] state, dividing it into two halves, with three-fifths of Rajasthan on the western side towards the [[Thar Desert]] and two-thirds on the eastern side consisting of the catchment area of [[Banas River|Banas]] and [[Chambal River|Chambal]] rivers bordering the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].{{Clarify |date=September 2020 |reason=Three-fifths and two-thirds add up to more than one.}} [[Guru Shikhar]], the highest peak in the Aravalli Range at {{convert|5650|ft}} in [[Mount Abu]] of Rajasthan, lies near the south-western extremity of the Central Aravalli range, close to the border with [[Gujarat]] state. The southern ''Aravalli Supergroup'' enters the northeast of [[Gujarat]] near [[Modasa]] where it lends its name to the [[Aravalli district]], and ends at the centre of the state at [[Palanpur]] near [[Ahmedabad]].
** Champaner Group is a rectangular outcrop composed of [[greywacke|subgreywacke]], [[Siliceous rocks|siliceous]] [[phyllite]], [[pelite|pelitic]] [[schist]], [[quartzite]] and pertomict [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]].
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** Udaipur Group is a thick accumulation of greywacke-phyllite basement overlain by [[Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]].
** Debari Group consists of [[Carbonate]]s, [[Quartzite]], and [https://www.britannica.com/science/pelitic-rock Pelitic] rocks which are overlain by the Delwara group.
** Delwara Group is spread over a 500 km<sup>2</sup> area with average thickness of 500 m and includes basement orthoquartzite overlain by volcanic
** Unconformities
*** Mangalwar/Sandmata Complex and Mewar Gneiss with enclaves of the Jagat group
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*** [[Delhi Ridge]], in the north
*** Haryana Aravalli ranges, in the west
**** [[Tosham Hill range]] basement rocks include quartzite with [[chiastolite]], the upper layers of [[quartz porphyry]] [[Ring dike|ring dyke]], [[felsite]], [[welded tuff]] and [[muscovite]] [[biotite]] [[granite]] rocks which have commercially nonviable tin, tungsten and copper. The [[Tosham Hill range]], west of Bhiwani in Haryana, is the northernmost end of the Aravalli range. A northeastern extension of the Aravalli extends to the national capital of India also. Locally known as a ridge it diagonally traverses to the [[South Delhi]] (hills of [[Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary]]), where at the hills of Bandhwari, it meets the [[Haryana
**** [[Madhogarh Fort, Haryana|Madhogarh hill]]
**** Satnali hill
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(a) introductory summary para,
(b) summary of pre-history human activity e.g. rock painting, tools, etc
(c) summary sub-section on Indus Valley
(d} summary of other ancient civilisations
(e) summary of medieval and modern history
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Note: remove the points that have been already addressed.
-->
The Aravalli Range has been site of three broad stages of human history, early Stone Age saw the use of flint stones; mid-Stone Age starting from 20,000 BP saw the domestication of cattle for agriculture; and post Stone Age starting from 10,000 BP saw the development of the [[Kalibangan]]
<!-- The three stone age cultures as traceable in Rajasthan are (1) Early Stone Age, (2) Mid-Stone Age and (3) Post Stone Age.(1) Early Stone Age: In this stage of human civilisation man was in the habit of using many type of tools made of stone. This culture flourished on
A large region was covered under the famous Indus Valley
Kalibanga
Ganeshwar
Pind Padlia(Chittorgarh), Jharol (Udaipur), Kurada (Nagaur), Sabnia and Poogal (Bikaner), Nandlalpura, Kirarot and Chauthvari (Jaipur), Aelana(Jalore), Budha Pushkar (Ajmer), Kol-Maholi (Sawai Madhopur), Malah (Bharatpur) etc. Were notable ancient places of copper age civilisation.
Aryan
-->
===
The [[Tosham Hill range#Tosham Hill range Indus Valley
Investigation of IVC network of mineral ore needs for
Ravindra Nath Singh and his team of [[Banaras Hindu University]] carried out [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]]-financed excavations of [[Indus Valley
=== Ganeshwar
The Ganeshwar
<blockquote>
"The GSCC is east of the Harappan culture, to the north-east of [[
</blockquote>
Pottery found in the area include incised ware, and reserved slipware.
There are two main [[type site]]s, [[Ganeshwar]], and [[Sunari]], in Tehsil Kot Putli, [[Jaipur
== Environment ==
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The geographic features of Rajasthan are the [[Thar Desert]] and the [[Aravalli Range]], which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than {{convert|850|km}}. [[Mount Abu]] lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the [[West Banas River]], although a series of broken ridges continues into [[Haryana]] in the direction of [[Delhi]] where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of the [[Raisina Hill]] and the ridges farther north. About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on the east and south direction.
[[File:Thar Khuri.jpg|thumb|left|Camel ride in the [[Thar Desert]] near [[Jaisalmer]]
The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region is covered by the
The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the [[
[[File:View from Jaigarh Fort, Rajasthan, India – 20061001.jpg|thumb|left|Hills around [[Jaipur]], viewed from [[Jaigarh Fort]].]]
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Three major rivers and their tributaries flow from the Aravalli, namely Banas and Sahibi rivers which are tributaries of [[Yamuna]], as well as Luni River which flows into the [[Rann of Kutch]].
* North-to-south flowing rivers originate from the western slopes of the Aravalli range in Rajasthan, pass through the southeastern portion of the [[Thar Desert]], and end into Gujarat.
** [[Luni River]], originates in the [[Pushkar]] valley near Ajmer, ends in the marshy lands of [[Rann of Kutch]]. It used to be one of the channel of the [[Saraswati River]], as a result its banks have several [[Indus Valley
** [[Sakhi River]], ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch.
** [[Sabarmati River]], originates on the western slopes of Aravalli range of the [[Udaipur
* West to north-west flowing rivers originate from the western slopes of the Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow through semi-arid historical [[Shekhawati]] region and drain into southern Haryana. Several [[Ochre Coloured Pottery culture]] sites, also identified as late Harappan phase of [[Indus Valley
** [[Sahibi River]], originates near [[Manoharpur]] in [[Sikar district]] flows through Haryana and meets its confluence with the Yamuna in Delhi where it is called [[Najafgarh drain]], along with its following tributaries:<ref name=culture1>[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0391023586 Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, Vijai Shankar Śrivastava, 1981]. {{ISBN|0391023586}}</ref><ref name="Sahibi1">[http://www.indiamapped.in/revers-in-india/haryana/sahibi-river Sahibi river]</ref><ref name=AKjain>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1PjJD61h8Q0C
*** [[Dohan river]], tributary of the Sahibi River, originates near [[Neem Ka Thana]] in Sikar district).
*** [[Sota River, India|Sota River]], tributary of the Sahibi River with which it merges at [[Behror]] in Alwar district.
*** [[Krishnavati river]], former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near [[Dariba, Rajasthan|Dariba]] copper mines in [[Rajsamand district]] of Rajasthan, flows through [[Patan, Rajasthan|Patan]] in [[Dausa district]] and Mothooka in [[Alwar district]], then disappears in [[Mahendragarh district]] in [[Haryana]] much before reaching Sahibi River. It previously was a tributary to the Sahibi and part of its present canalised channel is called the ''Outfall Drain No. 8''. Many important wetlands lie in its paleochannel, including [[Matanhail]], [[Chhuchhakwas|Chhuchhakwas-Godhari]], [[Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Sarbashirpur]], [[Sultanpur National Park]], [[Basai]] and The Lost Lake (Gurugram).
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** [[Chambal River]], a southern-side tributary of Yamuna River.
*** [[Banas River]], a northern-side tributary of Chambal River.
**** [[Berach River]], a southern-side tributary of Banas River, originates in the hills of [[Udaipur
***** [[Ahar River]], a right-side (or eastern side) tributary of the Berach river, originates in the hills of Udaipur
***** [[Wagli River]], a right-side tributary of the Berach River.
***** [[Wagon River]], a right-side tributary of the Berach River.
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===Wildlife corridors===
▲==== The Great Green wall of India ====
{{anchor| Green wall | Great wall of Aravalli | Great wall | Wall }}
{{See also | Inland_Customs_Line#Great_Hedge|l1=The Great Hedge of India}}
'''"The Great Green Wall of Aravalli"''' is a proposed 1,600 km long and 5 km wide green ecological corridor along Aravalli range from Gujarat to Delhi, it will be connected to [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik]] hill range and 1.35 billion (135 crore) new native trees will be planted over 10 years to rehabilitate the forest cover in this area. To be implemented on a concept similar to the [[Great Green Wall (Africa)|Great Green Wall]] of [[Sahara]] in Africa, it will act as a buffer against pollution, 51% of which is caused by the industrial pollution, 27% by vehicles, 8% by [[Stubble burning#Stubble burning in India|crop burning]] and 5% by [[Diwali|diwali fireworks]].<ref name=wall1>[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/want-govt-to-build-1600-km-green-wall-along-aravalli-says-activist-vijaypal-baghel-6182069/ Want govt to build 1600 km green wall along Aravalli], Indian Express, 24 December 2019.</ref> It was proposed several times form the 1990s, but as of 2024 the project is still in the planning stage.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g59CelQPX74</ref>
==== Northern Aravalli leopard and wildlife corridor ====
{{see also
[[File:Charging Leopard-001.JPG|thumb|upright|Charging Indian leopard.]]
{{anchor
The
This corridor is an important habitat for the Indian [[leopard]]s and [[jackal]]s of Aravalli. In January 2019, the [[Wildlife Institute of India]] announced that they will undertake the survey of leopard and wildlife, using pugmarks and trap cameras, subsequently, leopards and jackals will be tracked via the [[Wildlife radio telemetry|radio collars]]. Urban development, especially the highways and railways bisecting the Aravalli range and wildlife corridor in several places pose a great risk. Large parts of Aravalli are legally and physically unprotected, with no wildlife passages and little or no wildlife conservation work resulting in deaths of over 10 leopards in 4 years between January 2015 to January 2019.<ref name=hitunp1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/death-proof-of-leopardlife-in-asola-sanctuary/story-XFkBEhQ05I2vew9M1KDSFI.html Death, proof of leopard life in Asola sanctuary], Hindustan Times, 31 January 2019.</ref><ref name=today1>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/10-month-old-leopard-dead-haryana-gurugram-faridabad-expressway-1442898-2019-01-30 10-month-old leopard found dead on Gurugram-Faridabad Expressway], ''India Today'', 31 January 2019.</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/leopard-killed-in-accident-on-gurugram-faridabad-road/articleshow/67755160.cms Leopard killed in accident on Gurugram-Faridabad road], ''Times of India'', 30 January 2019.</ref>
The Haryana side of the Gurugram-Faridabad Aravalli hill forests lack availability of water due to which wild animals are seldom seen there. The Government of Haryana used drones for aerial surveys and dug 22 [[ephemeral]] pits in 2018 to store the rainwater which became dry during the summer months. In January 2019, the government announced the plan to make the pit [[Perennial stream|perennial]] by connecting those with pipelines from the nearby villages.<ref name=scar1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/leopards-keep-away-from-haryana-side-of-asola-due-to-scarcity-of-water/articleshow/67777130.cms Leopards keep away from Haryana side of Asola due to scarcity], ''Times of India'', 1 February 2019.</ref>
Human activity, such as unplanned urbanization and polluting industrial plants, also pose a great threat. There is often reluctance and denial on part of the government officials of the presence of wildlife such as leopard so that the forest land can be exploited and opened up for the intrusive human development.<ref name=risk1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/only-30-from-5-villages-show-up-for-impact-study-on-bandhwari/articleshow/63405359.cms Only 30 villagers turn up for impact study], ''Times of India'', 2018.</ref><ref name=risk3>[https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/ngt-asks-cpcb-to-test-groundwater-sample-near-bandhwari-plant-1008325-2017-08-01 NGT asks CPCB to test groundwater sample near Bandhwari plant], ''India Today'', 1 August 2017.</ref><ref name=scar1/>
This habitat is under serious threat from the wrong actions of the [[Government of Haryana]] which in 2019 passed [[Forests Department, Haryana#Flora and forests of Haryana|the amendment]] to the [[Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900]] (PLPA). Governor has given his
==== Southern Aravalli leopard wildlife corridor ====
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===Nature reserves===
[[File:Asokan Pillar.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Ashoka pillar]] at Delhi Ridge, brought to Delhi from [[Topra Kalan]] by [[Firoz Shah Tughlaq]] in 1356
The following national parks, wildlife reserves, and forests lie in the Aravalli Range.
* [[Delhi Ridge]]
** [[Northern
** [[Yamuna biodiversity park]]
** [[Neela Hauz biodiversity park]], next to [[Sanjay Van]]
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** [[Sanjay Lake]]
** [[Aravalli Biodiversity Park]]
** [[Tilpath Valley Biodiversity Park|Tilpath valley biodiversity park]], 70 hectares approximately near [[Sainik Farm]]
** [[Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* Haryana
<!-- includes maor forests that have npot yet been declared as reserved forests. yet supreme court has ordered the guidelines that the dictionary meaning of the forests must be used. -->
** [[Aravali Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon]]
** [[Madhogarh
** [[Nuh Aravalli
** [[Satnali
** [[Tosham
** [[Masani barrage]] wildlife area.
** [[Matanhail]] wildlife area
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** [[Bandhwari]] forest
** [[Mangar Bani forest]]
** [[The Lost Lake]] (Gurugram)
* Rajasthan
** [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]]
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===Flora===
The Aravalli Range has several forests with a diversity of environment.<ref name=ara1>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/aravalis-in-ggn-faridabad-core-area-for-leopards-finds-survey/articleshow/59198463.cms Aravalis in Gurugram, Faridabad core area for leopards, finds survey], ''[[The Times of India]]'', 17 June 2017</ref>
===Fauna===
[[File:Ranthambore National Park.JPG|thumb|upright=1.09|Ranthambore National Park, in Rajasthan
The Aravalli Range is rich in wildlife. The first-ever 2017 wildlife survey of a 200 square kilometre area crossing five districts (Gurgaon, Faridabad, Mewat, Rewari and Mahendergarh) of [[Haryana]] by the [[Wildlife Institute of India]] (WII) found 14 species, including [[Indian leopard|leopards]], [[striped hyena]] (7 sightings), [[golden jackal]] (9 sightings, with 92% occupancy across the survey area), [[nilgai]] (55 sightings), [[palm civet]]{{which|date=January 2023}} (7 sightings), [[Pig|wild pig]] (14 sightings), [[rhesus macaque]] (55 sightings), [[peafowl]] (57 sightings) and [[Indian crested porcupine]] (12 sightings). Encouraged by the first survey, the wildlife department has prepared a plan for a comprehensive study and census of wildlife across the whole Aravalli Range, including radio collar tracking of the wild animals.<ref name=ara1/> Well known leopard and hyena habitat is along the Ferozpure Jhirka-Nuh Aravali range as well as [[Delhi Ridge|Delhi South Ridge]] (Faridabad-Gurugram) to [[Farrukhnagar]] area on the Delhi–Haryana border, with reports of sightings in Saidpur, Lokri and Jhund Sarai Viran villages near the KMP expressway; Bhukarka 7 km from Pataudi; Pathkori, Bhond, Mandawar in Ferozepur Jirka region.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/traps-set-up-in-four-villages-of-farrukhnagar-after-leopard-s-presence-confirmed-by-pug-marks/story-v3yBOHdCz1ywYsQNvRFGeL.html Traps set up in four villages of Farrukhnagar after leopard's presence confirmed by pug marks], Hindustan Times, 18 January 2019.</ref>
===Concerns===
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== Economy ==
The Aravali Range is the source area of many rivers, resulting in development of human settlements with sustainable economy since pre-historic times. The [[
== Tourism ==
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== Concerns ==
[[environmental damage|Damage to the environment]] and ecology from the unorganized [[
== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Aravali range inside Ranthambhore, Rajasthan.jpg|The Aravali Range inside [[
File:Aravali hills Udaipur Rajasthan India 2014.jpg|Aravalli range near [[Udaipur]] [[Rajasthan]]
File:Mt. Abu.jpg|alt=Mount Abu is the tallest mountain in this range with GURU SHIKHAR as its peak.|Sunset from the sunset point of [[Mount Abu]]
| |||