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{{Short description|Ethnic group in the Northwest Caucasus}}{{more citations needed|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| flag = Proposed Naval Jack of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg
| flag_caption = Flag of the Abazin
| group = Abaza<br>Абаза
| pop = ~150,000 (est.)
| region1 = {{flagcountry|Turkey}}
| pop1 = 15k–150k15,000–150,000<ref name="crwflags"/>
| ref1 = <ref name=Ethnologue>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=abq |title=Ethnologue.com] |access-date=2013-06-20 |archive-date=2012-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112160200/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=abq |url-status=live }}</ref>
| region2 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
*{{flag|Karachay-Cherkessia}}
*{{flag|Stavropol Krai}}
*{{flag|Kabardino-Balkaria}}
| pop2 = = 43,341<br><small>36,919</small><br><small>3,646</small><br><small>418</small>
| ref2 = <ref name="crwflags"/>
| region3 = {{flagcountry|Egypt}}
| pop3 = 5k–15k5,000–15,000<ref name="daharchives.alhayat.com"/>
| ref3 = <ref name=Webster>[https://archive.today/20130113112949/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Abaza+family?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744:v0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID:9&ie=UTF-8&q=Abaza+family&sa=Search%23906 Websters-online-dictionary]</ref>
| region4 = {{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
| pop4 = 128
| ref4 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/ |title=About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001 |work=Ukraine Census 2001 |publisher=State Statistics Committee of Ukraine |access-date=17 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217151026/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/ |archive-date=17 December 2011 }}</ref>
| rels = Predominantly [[Sunni Islam]]
| langs = [[Abaza language|Abaza]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Arabic]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
| related = [[Abkhazians]], [[Circassians]]
}}
[[File:Abaza country in north cacuasus locator map.svg|thumb|Abazin country]]
The '''Abazin''', '''Abazinians''' or '''Abaza''' ([[Abaza language|Abaza]] and [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]: Абаза; [[Circassian language|Circassian]]: Абазэхэр; {{lang-ru|Абазины}}; {{lang-tr|Abazalar}}; {{lang-ar|أباظة}}), are an [[ethnic group]] of the [[Caucasus|Northwest Caucasus]], closely related to the [[Abkhaz people|Abkhaz]] and [[Circassians|Circassian]] peoplepeoples. Now, they live mostly in [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Jordan]], [[Egypt]] and in [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] and [[Stavropol Krai]] in the [[North Caucasus]] region of [[Russia]]. The Tapanta ([[:ru:Тапанта]]), a branch of the Abaza, lived between the Besleney and Kabardian princedoms on the upper Kuban.
 
Abaza people historically speak the [[Abaza language]], a [[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]] language most closely related to [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]], and more distantly related to the [[CircassianUbykh language|Ubykh]] and [[Circassian languages|Circassian]] languages. There are two dialects of Abaza spoken in Karachay-Cherkessia: ''Ashkharua'' and ''Tapanta''. The culture and traditions of the Abazin are similar to those of the Circassians. On many old maps Abazin territory is marked as part of [[Circassia]] (Adygea).
 
According to the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Russian census]], there were 43,341 Abazins in Russia.<ref name="crwflags">{{citation|url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru-abaza.html|title=Abazinsky District, Karachay-Cherkessian Republic, Russia|website=crwflags.com|access-date=2022-12-29|archive-date=2023-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320104741/https://www.crwflags.com/FOTW/Flags/ru-abaza.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== History ==
The Abazin originally inhabited the [[Sadzen]] region in the western part of [[Abkhazia]] and migrated from Abkhazia to [[Abazinia]] between the 14th and 16th centuries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Olson|first=James Stuart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CquTz6ps5YgC&q=abazinians&pg=PA4|title=An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1994|isbn=978-0-313-27497-8|location=|pages=3|language=en}}</ref> They later migrated to various regions of the former [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 18th and 19th centuries. Since the late 18th century, their dominant religion is [[Sunni Islam]] ([[Hanafism|Hanafi]]).
 
== Diaspora ==
An Abazin diaspora exists in [[Turkey]],<ref name=Ethnologue/> [[Egypt]]<ref name=Webster/> and in Middle Eastern countries such as [[Jordan]] and [[Syria]], most of which are descendants of [[Muhajir (Caucasus)|muhajirs]] from the [[Caucasian War]] with the [[Imperial Russia|Russian Empire]].
 
There is a significant Abazin presence in Turkey. An estimated 150,000 Abaza live in the provinces of [[Eskişehir Province|Eskişehir]], [[Samsun Province|Samsun]], [[Yozgat Province|Yozgat]], [[Adana Province|Adana]] and, [[Kayseri Province|Kayseri]]., and [[Sakarya Province|Sakarya]], as well as [[İzmit]] and [[Istanbul|İstanbul]].
Province Sakarya and İzmit and İstanbul
 
Most of them belong to Ashkharua clan that fought against the Tsarist army and emigrated to Turkey after losing the battle of Kbaada ([[Krasnaya Polyana]] in today's [[Sochi]]), whereas the Tapanta clan fought with the Russian forces.▼
 
▲Most of them belong to Ashkharua clan that fought against the Tsarist army and emigrated to Turkey after losing the battle of Kbaada ([[Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai|Krasnaya Polyana]] in today's [[Sochi]]), whereas the Tapanta clan fought with the Russian forces.
[[File:Aziz Pasha Abaza عزيز باشا أباظة.jpg|thumb|[[Aziz Pasha Abaza]] of the [[House of Abaza]], the sole Abazin clan in Egypt]]
A prominent example in Egypt is the [[Abaza family]], a large Egyptian Abazin clan.<ref name="daharchives.alhayat.com">{{cite news|last1=الكاتب|first1=الكاتب|language=ar|title=Arabs or Circassians, or a combination of both? Alobazah families in Egypt|url=http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/1998/9/28/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9.html|access-date=6 December 2016|agency=Al Hayat News|date=September 28, 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227192411/http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/1998/9/28/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9.html|archive-date=2016-12-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Abaza family still holds to this day an élite place in Egyptian society and constitutes one of Egypt's largest families, with well over 15,000 members active in many aspects of society.
 
== Culture ==
Historically, the Abazin engaged in animal herding and some farming.<ref name="Ency">{{Cite book|last=Cole|first=Jeffrey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wlth0GRi0N0C&q=Abazins&pg=PA1|title=Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=978-1-59884-302-6|location=|pages=1–2|language=en}}</ref>
 
The Abazins are dominantly Sunni Muslims. The Abazins first encountered Islam during their migrations to the Abazinia region via contact with the [[Nogais]] and other Muslim peoplespeople.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Akiner|first=Shirin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd-3AAAAQBAJ|title=Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union|publisher=Routledge|year=1986|isbn=978-1-136-14274-1|pages=236|language=en}}</ref> The Abazins adopted Islam via the influence of Muslim merchants and missionaries from the 16th to 19th centuries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Olson|first=James Stuart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CquTz6ps5YgC&q=abazinians&pg=PA4|title=An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1994|isbn=978-0-313-27497-8|location=|pages=3|language=en}}</ref>
 
==See also==
Line 75 ⟶ 70:
[[Category:Karachay-Cherkessia]]
[[Category:Stavropol Krai]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Russia]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Russia]]
[[Category:Peoples of the Caucasus]]
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