1929: Difference between revisions

On [[August 1]] of this year the [[1929 Palestine riots]] broke out between [[Palestinians]] and [[Jews]] over control of the [[Western Wall]]. The rioting, initiated in part when British police tore down a screen the Jews had constructed in front of the Wall,<ref name=segev>{{cite book|last=Segev|first=Tom|author-link=Tom Segev|title=One Palestine, Complete|year=1999|publisher=Metropolitan Books|isbn=0-8050-4848-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/onepalestinecomp00sege/page/295 295–313]|url=https://archive.org/details/onepalestinecomp00sege/page/295}}</ref> continued until the end of the month. In total, 133 Jews and 116 Palestinians were killed.<ref>{{cite news|first=Matthew B.|last=Stannard|title=A Time of Change; Israelis, Palestinians and the Disengagement|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/08/09/MNGF6E53GL1.DTL|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=2005-08-09}}</ref><ref>NA 59/8/353/84/867n, 404 Wailing Wall/279 and 280, Archdale Diary and Palestinian Police records.</ref> Two of the more famous incidents occurring during these riots were the August 23–24 [[1929 Hebron massacre]], in which almost 70 Jews were killed by Palestinians and the remaining Jews are forced to stay at [[Hebron]]. The Palestinians had been told that Jews were killing Palestinians. Jews would not return to Hebron until after the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967.<ref>[[Tom Segev|Segev, Tom]] (2000). ''One Palestine, Complete; Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate.'' Translated by Haim Watzman of Metropolitan Books, Little, Brown and company. pp. 318–319; {{ISBN|0-8050-4848-0}} and {{ISBN|0-316-64859-0}}.</ref> The other major clash was the [[1929 Safed massacre]], in which 18–20 Jews were killed by Palestinians in [[Safed]] in similar fashion.<ref>{{cite book|title=Early Arab-Zionist Negotiation Attempts, 1913-1931|last=Kaplan|first=Neil|year=1983|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-7146-3214-7|page=82}}</ref> Elsewhere in the Middle East, [[Iraq]] took a big step toward gaining independence from the British. The Iraqi government had, since the end of World War I and the beginning of the British Mandate in the Middle East, consistently resisted British hegemony. In September, Great Britain announced it would support Iraq's inclusion in the [[League of Nations]], signaling the beginning of the end of their direct control of the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Britain's Informal Empire in the Middle East|first=Daniel|last=Silverfarb|author2=Majid Khadduri|pages=13–20|isbn=0-19-503997-1|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1986|location=New York}}</ref>

Early in 1929, the [[Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)|Afghan Civil War]] saw the Afghan leader [[King Amanullah]] lose power to the [[Saqqawists]] under [[Habibullāh Kalakāni]]. Kalakani's rule, however, only lasted nine months. [[Mohammed Nadir Shah|Nadir Shah]] replaced him in October, starting a line of monarchs which would last 40 years.<ref>pp. 41–44 {{ISBN|0-8133-4019-5}}</ref> In India, a general strike in Bombay continued throughout the year despite efforts by the British.<ref>Chandavarkar, Rajnarayan. ''Imperial Power and Popular Politics.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. pp. 170–178 {{ISBN|0-521-59692-0}}</ref> On [[December 29]], the [[All India Congress]] in [[Lahore]] declared Indian [[independence]] from Britain, something it had threatened to do if Britain did not grant India dominion status.<ref>Vohra, Ranbir. ''The Making of India.'' Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 2001. pp. 147–148 {{ISBN|0-7656-0712-3}}</ref> China and Russia engaged in a [[Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)|minor conflict]] after China seized full control of the [[Manchurian Chinese Eastern Railway]]. Russia counterattacked and took the cities of [[Hailar District|Hailar]] and [[ManchouliManzhouli]] after issuing an ultimatum demanding joint control of the railway to be reinstated. The Chinese agreed to the terms on [[November 26]]. The Japanese would later see this defeat as a sign of Chinese weakness, leading to their taking control of Manchuria.<ref>Elleman, Bruce. ''Diplomacy and Deception.'' Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1997. pp. 282–283 {{ISBN|0-7656-0143-5}}</ref> The Far East began to experience economic problems late in the year as the effects of the Great Depression began to spread. Southeast Asia was especially hard hit as its exports (spice, rubber, and other commodities) were more sensitive to economic problems.<ref>Tarling, Nicholas. ''The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. pp. 182–184 {{ISBN|0-521-66371-7}}</ref> In the Pacific, on [[December 28]] – "[[Mau movement#Black Saturday|Black Saturday]]" in [[Samoa]] – New Zealand colonial police killed 11 unarmed demonstrators, an event which led the [[Mau movement]] to demand independence for Samoa.<ref name=Meleisea/>

* [[July 29]] -– the French prime minister [[Raymond Poincaré]] resigns, and is succeeded by [[Aristide Briand]].

** The [[1929 SafedPalestine massacreriots]]: 18–20 Jews are killed in [[Safed]] by Palestinian Arabs.

** [[Mohamed Al-Fayed]], Egyptian business magnate (d. [[2023]])

<!--[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B0509-0010-006, Christa Wolf.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Christa Wolf]]]]-->

* [[March 10]] – [[Lolita Rodrigues]], Brazilian actress and presenter (d. [[2023]])

**[[Joseph Bernardo]], French Olympic swimmer (d. [[2023]])

** [[Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie]], French historian (d. [[2023]])

* [[July 31]] – [[Don Murray (actor)|Don Murray]], American actor<ref>{{Cite book|last=Monush|first=Barry|title=Screen World Presents the Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors: From the silent era to 1965|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=toTIb1Ek2WwC&pg=PA535|access-date=June 29, 2011|date=April 1, 2003|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-1-55783-551-2|pages=535}}</ref> (d. [[2024]])

** [[AugustSabri 15Godo]], –Albanian [[Carlo Ripa di Meana]],writer Italianand politician (d. [[20182011]])

** [[Lata Mangeshkar]], Indian singer (d. [[2022]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Bharatan | first = Raju | title = Lata Mangeshkar: A Biography | year = 1995 | publisher = UBS Publishers Distributors | isbn = 978-81-7476-023-4}}</ref>

** [[Nikolai Ryzhkov]], Soviet and Russian politician (d. [[2024]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Nikolaj Ivanovič Ryzhkov|url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_govt/ryzhkov.php|publisher=Archontology|access-date=1 April 2013}}</ref>

** [[Lee Hyun-jae]], South Korean politician, [[Prime Minister of South Korea|Prime Minister]]

** [[Milan Panić]], Serbian politician, [[Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro]]

** [[Régine Zylberberg|Régine]], Belgian-French discothèque pioneer and singer (d. [[2022]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/08/regine-zylberberg-obituary|title=Régine Zylberberg obituary|date=8 May 2022|author=Kim Willsher|website=The Guardian|access-date=1 March 2024}}</ref>

*[[January 29]] -– [[Paul Gerson Unna]], German dermatologist (b. [[1850]])<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5335585/ | pmid=5335585 | year=1967 | title=Paul Gerson Unna (1850-1929); dermatologist of Eimsbüttle | journal=JAMA | volume=199 | issue=11 | pages=844–845 | doi=10.1001/jama.1967.03120110116026 }}</ref>