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== History ==
=== Early Christianity ===
While many [[Church Fathers]] imply a [[real presence of Christ in the Eucharist|real presence of Christ in Holy Communion]], [[Clement of Alexandria]] and [[Tertullian]] used the word "symbol" to define the Eucharist: "the Holy Scripture named wine a mystical symbol of the holy blood (Clement of Alexandria)", and interpret John 6:53-56 to be about allegories about faith.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Willis|first=Wendell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88zcDQAAQBAJ&dq=symbolic+eucharist+clement+of+alexandria&pg=PA49|title=Eucharist and Ecclesiology: Essays in Honor of Dr. Everett Ferguson|date=2017-01-06|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-4982-8292-5|language=en}}</ref> However it is disputed if Clement held a symbolic view of the Eucharist.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Did Clement Believe in the Real Presence?|url=https://www.catholic.com/qa/did-clement-believe-in-the-real-presence|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Catholic Answers}}</ref>
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{{main|Theology of Huldrych Zwingli}}
The theology of [[Huldrych Zwingli]], a [[Swiss Reformation|Protestant Reformer of Switzerland]], is commonly associated with memorialism.<ref name="Riggs">{{cite book |last=Riggs |first=John |year=2015 |title=The Lord's Supper in the Reformed Tradition |location=Louisville, KY |publisher=Westminster John Knox |isbn=978-0-664-26019-4}}</ref>{{rp|56}} Zwingli, who was a former Roman Catholic priest, affirmed that Christ is truly (though not naturally) present to the believer in the sacrament or amid a Christian congregation that remembers with strong intensity the events of the Last Supper through the power of God.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Liturgy for Living|last1=Price|first1=Charles|last2=Weil|first2=Louis|date=2000|publisher=Morehouse Publishing|isbn=0819218626|location=Harrisburg, PA|pages=152}}</ref> However, the sacrament - for Zwingli - is not used instrumentally to communicate with Christ, as [[John Calvin]] taught.<ref name="Riggs" />{{rp|74}}
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