Urogenital opening: Difference between revisions
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The '''urogenital opening''' is where the waste products of the body are expelled to the environment outside of the body cavity. |
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The '''urogenital opening''' is where [[bodily waste]] and reproductive fluids are expelled to the environment outside of the [[body cavity]]. In some organisms, including [[Monotreme|monotremes]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Withers |first=Philip C. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ecological_and_Environmental_Physiology/CcNjDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA275&printsec=frontcover |title=Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Mammals |last2=Cooper |first2=Christine E. |last3=Maloney |first3=Shane K. |last4=Bozinovic |first4=Francisco |last5=Neto |first5=Ariovaldo P. Cruz |date=2016-10-27 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-109267-1 |language=en}}</ref> [[bird]]s and many [[fish]], discharge from the [[urological system|urological]], [[digestion|digestive]], and [[reproductive system]]s empty into a common sac called the [[cloaca]]. |
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In [[placental mammals]], these three systems are more separated. In females, separate [[Body orifice|orifice]]s have evolved for all three, while in males, a common [[urinary meatus]] discharges both [[urine]] and [[semen]] from the [[urethra]].<ref name="Hyman1992">{{cite book|author=Libbie Henrietta Hyman|title=Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VKlWjdOkiMwC&pg=PA583|date=15 September 1992|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-87013-7|pages=583–}}</ref> In [[Marsupial|marsupials]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nowak |first=Ronald M. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Walker_s_Marsupials_of_the_World/ldXtY8ppxSQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA14&printsec=frontcover |title=Walker's Marsupials of the World |date=2005-09-12 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-8211-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Withers |first1=Philip C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CcNjDQAAQBAJ&dq=%22Urogenital+opening%22&pg=PA275 |title=Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Mammals |last2=Cooper |first2=Christine E. |last3=Maloney |first3=Shane K. |last4=Bozinovic |first4=Francisco |last5=Neto |first5=Ariovaldo P. Cruz |date=2016-10-27 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-109267-1 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Rabbit|rabbits]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Smith |first1=David G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZOFDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Urogenital+opening%22&pg=PA6 |title=A Dissection Guide & Atlas to the Rabbit |last2=Schenk |first2=Michael P. |date=2019-02-01 |publisher=Morton Publishing Company |isbn=978-1-61731-938-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lukefahr |first1=Steven D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhBuEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Urogenital+opening%22&pg=PA169 |title=Rabbit Production, 10th Edition |last2=McNitt |first2=James I. |last3=Cheeke |first3=Peter R. |last4=Patton |first4=Nephi M. |date=2022-04-29 |publisher=CABI |isbn=978-1-78924-978-1 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Pig|pigs]], the female urethra and vagina open into a [[urogenital sinus]] with a common urogenital opening.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Smith |first1=David G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZDqAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Urogenital+opening%22&pg=PA491 |title=Exploring Zoology: A Laboratory Guide |last2=Schenk |first2=Michael P. |date=2014-01-01 |publisher=Morton Publishing Company |isbn=978-1-61731-157-4 |language=en}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Urogenital Opening}} |
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[[Category:Pelvis]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:15, 16 June 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009) |
The urogenital opening is where bodily waste and reproductive fluids are expelled to the environment outside of the body cavity. In some organisms, including monotremes,[1] birds and many fish, discharge from the urological, digestive, and reproductive systems empty into a common sac called the cloaca.
In placental mammals, these three systems are more separated. In females, separate orifices have evolved for all three, while in males, a common urinary meatus discharges both urine and semen from the urethra.[2] In marsupials[3][4] and rabbits[5][6] and pigs, the female urethra and vagina open into a urogenital sinus with a common urogenital opening.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ Withers, Philip C.; Cooper, Christine E.; Maloney, Shane K.; Bozinovic, Francisco; Neto, Ariovaldo P. Cruz (2016-10-27). Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Mammals. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-109267-1.
- ^ Libbie Henrietta Hyman (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 583–. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7.
- ^ Nowak, Ronald M. (2005-09-12). Walker's Marsupials of the World. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8211-1.
- ^ Withers, Philip C.; Cooper, Christine E.; Maloney, Shane K.; Bozinovic, Francisco; Neto, Ariovaldo P. Cruz (2016-10-27). Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Mammals. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-109267-1.
- ^ Smith, David G.; Schenk, Michael P. (2019-02-01). A Dissection Guide & Atlas to the Rabbit. Morton Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-61731-938-9.
- ^ Lukefahr, Steven D.; McNitt, James I.; Cheeke, Peter R.; Patton, Nephi M. (2022-04-29). Rabbit Production, 10th Edition. CABI. ISBN 978-1-78924-978-1.
- ^ Smith, David G.; Schenk, Michael P. (2014-01-01). Exploring Zoology: A Laboratory Guide. Morton Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-61731-157-4.
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