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{{for|the village in [[Bihor County]]|Vadu Crişului}}
{{for|the village in Bihor County|Vadu Crișului}}
{{See also|Tomnatec (disambiguation){{!}}Tomnatec}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type = commune
|county = Timiș
|population_total = auto
|name=Tomnatic
|name=Tomnatic
|leader_name = Stoian Vasiu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=16 June 2021 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|settlement_type=[[Communes of Romania|Commune]]
|leader_term = 2020&ndash;2024
|total_type=&nbsp;
|leader_party = PSD
|image_map=
|image_map = Tomnatic jud Timis.svg
|map_caption=
|map_caption = Location in Timiș County
|coordinates_region=RO
|coordinates = {{coord|45|59|N|20|39|E|region:RO|display=it}}
|subdivision_type=Country
|image_skyline =
|subdivision_name={{flag|Romania}}
|image_shield = ROU TM Tomnatic CoA.PNG
|subdivision_type1=[[Counties of Romania|County]]
|area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ghidulprimariilor.ro/ro/businesses/view/city_hall/PRIM%C4%82RIA-TOMNATIC/201369 |title=Primăria Tomnatic |work=Ghidul Primăriilor}}</ref>
|subdivision_name1=[[Timiş County]]
|area_total_km2 = 35.38
|population_total=
|elevation_m =
|latd=45|latm=59|lats=|latNS=N|longd=20|longm=39|longs=|longEW=E
|postal_code = 307255
|pushpin_map=Romania
|website = {{URL|http://www.primariatomnatic.ro/}}
|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]|utc_offset=+2
|timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]|utc_offset_DST=+3
}}
}}
'''Tomnatic''' is a [[Commune in Romania|commune]] in [[Timiş County]], [[Romania]].
'''Tomnatic''' ({{lang-de|Triebswetter}}; {{lang-hu|Nagyősz}}) is a [[communes of Romania|commune]] in [[Timiș County]], [[Romania]]. It is composed of a single village, Tomnatic. It was part of [[Lovrin]] commune until 2004, when it was split off.


== Etymology ==
{{Timiş County}}
The name is the Romanian translation of the German ''Triebswetter'' ("fall weather"). This was the name of the village until the union of Banat with Romania. Through Romanianization, it was changed to Tomnatic. In some cases, the form ''Tomnatec'' was also used.<ref name="enciclopedie">{{cite web |url=http://enciclopediaromaniei.ro/wiki/Tomnatic_(Timi%C5%9F) |title=Tomnatic (Timiș) |work=Enciclopedia României}}</ref>
== History ==
Near Tomnatic took place the last battle between [[Ajtony|Ahtum]], the leader of Romanians, Pechenegs and Bulgars in the rough territory of today's [[Banat]], and the Hungarian invaders led by [[Csanád|Chanadinus]], a rebellious general of Ahtum, in 1003 or 1030 (the date of the battle is disputed).<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/reviste/Banatica/dl.asp?filename=12-II-Banatica-muzeul-banatului-montan-1993_006.pdf |title=Contribuții privind datarea conflictului dintre ducele bănățean Ahtum și regele Ștefan I al Ungariei |last=Madgearu |first=Alexandru |journal=Banatica |volume=12 |issue=2 |date=1993 |pages=5–12}}</ref>


Tomnatic first appears in [[written history]] in 1000.<ref>{{cite book |title=Az Árpád-kori Magyarország történeti földrajza |last=Györffy |first=György |volume=I |location=Budapest |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |date=1966}}</ref> By 1451, it is mentioned under the name of '''Naghiuz''' ("Uzul Mare"), probably with reference to the [[Cumans|Cuman]] population ([[Udi people|Udi]]), who remained for a long time on the territory of the historical Banat. It was inhabited until the end of the Ottoman period, because [[Marsigli]], in 1690–1700, mentions the ''Nagyeösz'' estate. With the reconquest of Banat from the Turks in 1716, the colonization of the region began. In 1772, at Tomnatic were settled colonists from the [[Alsace]]–[[Lorraine]] area, mostly French. 62% of the first settlers came from the [[Château-Salins]] area of [[France]] (on the border with [[Germany]]), 8% from [[Luxembourg]], 5% from [[Baden]], 5% from [[Bavaria]] and the rest from other parts of Germany.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.triebswetter-banat.ro/herkunft.htm |title=Herkunft |last=Vogel |first=Heinz |work=Triebswetter im Banat}}</ref> 200 houses were originally built, according to the plans of engineer Antonius von Triebswetter. The name of the new Franco-German village was given in his honor: ''Triebswetter''.
{{coord|45|59|N|20|39|E|source:itwiki_region:RO|display=title}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}


Tomnatic was for a long time the largest "French" village in Banat. The Germans were located in the southern part of the village on the so-called ''Deutschgasse'' (German street), and the French lived in the rest of the village. In time there was an assimilation of the French by the Germans, other French left Tomnatic for other French colonies in the [[Serbian Banat]]. The last person to speak only [[French language|French]] was recorded in 1890. Some words of French origin have been preserved in the local vocabulary and the names of some families are reminiscent of the French origins of the inhabitants: Bailly, Bourgeau, Boquel, Frecôt, Tirier, etc.
[[Category:Communes in Timiş County]]


The local church was built between 1846 and 1850. The then bishop of Banat, French-born {{ill|Alexander Bonnaz|de|Sándor II. Bonnaz}}, equipped the church with a high altar and two side altars.<ref name="banatul-azi">{{cite web |url=https://www.banatulazi.ro/cel-mai-mare-sat-francez-din-banat-devenit-german-a-dat-unul-din-marii-episcopi-filantropi/ |title=Cel mai mare „sat francez” din Banat, devenit german, a dat unul din marii episcopi filantropi |work=Banatul Azi |last=Bălan |first=Titus |date=6 March 2023}}</ref>
[[File:0012-Giurgenii Noi.jpg|thumb|left|During the [[Bărăgan deportations]], most people from Tomnatic were settled in [[Giurgeni|Giurgenii Noi]], later called Răchitoasa, in [[Ialomița County]].]]
During the Hungarian administration, it was called ''Nagyösz'', and after 1920 it took its current Romanian name. Just before the end of [[World War II]], in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the [[Soviet Union]] for reconstruction works.<ref name="banatul-azi" /> Subsequently, 1,002 people from Tomnatic (almost a quarter of the population) were deported to the Bărăgan steppe, irrespective of ethnicity.<ref>{{cite book |title=Deportații în Bărăgan, 1951-1956 |last=Sarafolean |first=Silviu |publisher=Mirton |location=Timișoara |date=2001 |isbn=973-585-424-4}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
<div style="float:left">
{{Pie chart
|thumb=left
|caption=Ethnic composition (2011)<ref name="etnie" />
|label1=[[Romanians]]|value1=78.44|color1=#8080ff
|label2=[[Romani people|Roma]]|value2=6.77|color2=#80ffff
|label3=[[Hungarians]]|value3=3.98|color3=#80ff80
|label4=[[Germans]]|value4=3.88|color4=#ff80ff
|label5=[[Ukrainians]]|value5=1.43|color5=#ffff80
|label6=Unknown|value6=4.55|color6=#9f9f9f
|label7=Others|value7=0.95|color7=#555555}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb=left
|style=clear:none;
|caption=Religious composition (2011)<ref name="religie" />
|label1=[[Romanian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]]|value1=69.85|color1=#8080ff
|label2=[[Roman Catholic]]s|value2=15.81|color2=#ffff80
|label3=[[Pentecostal]]s|value3=6.39|color3=#3fc03f
|label4=[[Greek Catholic]]s|value4=1.56|color4=#ff80ff
|label5=Unknown|value5=4.55|color5=#c0c0c0
|label6=Others|value6=1.84|color6=#9f9f9f}}
</div>
Tomnatic had a population of 3,144 inhabitants at the 2011 census, up 2% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are [[Romanians]] (78.44%), larger minorities being represented by [[Romani people|Roma]] (6.77%), [[Hungarians]] (3.98%), [[Germans]] (3.88%) and [[Ukrainians]] (1.43%). For 4.55% of the population, ethnicity is unknown.<ref name="etnie">{{cite web |url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls |title=Tab8. Populația stabilă după etnie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune |work=Institutul Național de Statistică}}</ref> By religion, most inhabitants are [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] (69.85%), but there are also minorities of [[Roman Catholic]]s (15.81%), [[Pentecostal]]s (6.39%) and [[Greek Catholic]]s (1.56%). For 4.55% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.<ref name="religie">{{cite web |url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_TAB_13.xls |title=Tab13. Populația stabilă după religie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune |work=Institutul Național de Statistică}}</ref>
{| class="toccolours"
|-
! align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff;" | Census<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kia.hu/konyvtar/erdely/erd2002/tmetn02.pdf |title=Temes megye településeinek etnikai (anyanyelvi/nemzetiségi) adatai 1880-2002 |last=Varga |first=E. Árpád}}</ref>
! align="center" colspan="7" style="background:#ccccff;" | Ethnic composition
|-
! Year !! Population !! [[Romanians]] !! [[Hungarians]] !! [[Germans]] !! [[Romani people|Roma]] !! [[Ukrainians]] !! [[Serbs]] !! [[Bulgarians]]
|-
| 1880 || 3,428 || 29 || 9 || 3,363 || – || – || 1 || –
|-
| 1890 || 3,659 || 32 || 17 || 3,560 || – || – || 11 || –
|-
| 1900 || 3,435 || 41 || 60 || 3,319 || – || – || 12 || –
|-
| 1910 || 3,622 || 55 || 56 || 3,378 || 51 || – || 68 || –
|-
| 1920 || 3,438 || 24 || 17 || 3,352 || – || – || – || –
|-
| 1930 || 3,296 || 144 || 102 || 2,748 || 78 || – || 17 || 4
|-
| 1941 || 3,364 || 266 || 170 || 2,743 || – || – || – || –
|-
| 1956 || 3,501 || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| 1966 || 3,459 || 1,253 || 180 || 1,819 || 79 || 4 || 4 || 91
|-
| 1977 || 3,585 || 1,673 || 194 || 1,454 || 169 || 15 || 5 || 61
|-
| 1992 || 2,927 || 1,987 || 165 || 383 || 277 || 76 || 4 || 32
|-
| 2002 || 3,088 || 2,429 || 144 || 154 || 260 || 75 || 7 || 18
|-
| 2011 || 3,144 || 2,466 || 125 || 122 || 213 || 45 || 9 || 19
|}
== Economy ==
The local economy is based on [[agriculture]], the inhabitants being specialized in growing vegetables. In the past, the village was known for its [[vineyard]]s and [[orchard]]s. After the installation of communism, agriculture took the form of [[vegetable farming]] on a large scale. Tomnatic was in the past the largest [[paprika]] production center in Banat. Today, paprika cultivation is practiced on a much smaller scale.<ref name="enciclopedie" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! No. of<br>active companies !! No. of<br>employees !! Evolution of<br>total turnover<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.listafirme.ro/harta/timis-tomnatic.htm |title=Harta economică a firmelor din Tomnatic |work=Lista Firmelor din România}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || 32 || 186 || [[Romanian leu|RON]] 13.37 million
|-
| 2007 || 44 || 209 || RON 26.58 million
|-
| 2009 || 41 || 127 || RON 16.08 million
|-
| 2011 || 43 || 149 || RON 30.51 million
|-
| 2013 || 47 || 128 || RON 23.61 million
|-
| 2015 || 50 || 114 || RON 32.32 million
|-
| 2017 || 50 || 118 || RON 35.93 million
|-
| 2019 || 56 || 112 || RON 39.05 million
|-
| 2021 || 64 || 96 || RON 64.23 million
|}
== Notable people ==
* {{ill|Rudolf Schati|de}} (1913–1984), actor, director and founding member of the German State Theater in Timișoara
* {{ill|Anton Palfi|ro}} (b. 1946), journalist, poet and translator
* {{ill|Franz Thomas Schleich|de}} (b. 1948), writer and publicist

== References ==
{{Commons category|Tomnatic, Timiș}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Timiş-geo-stub}}
{{Timiș County}}
{{Authority control}}


[[de:Tomnatic (Timiș)]]
[[Category:Communes in Timiș County]]
[[Category:Localities in Romanian Banat]]
[[eo:Tomnatic (Lovrin)]]
[[it:Tomnatic]]
[[hu:Nagyősz]]
[[nl:Tomnatic (Timiş)]]
[[pt:Tomnatic]]
[[ro:Tomnatic, Timiș]]
[[sr:Томнатик]]
[[vo:Tomnatic]]

Latest revision as of 23:55, 31 January 2024

For the village in Bihor County, see Vadu Crișului.
See also: Tomnatec
Tomnatic
Commune
Coat of arms of Tomnatic
Coat of arms
Location in Timiș County
Location in Timiș County
Tomnatic is located in Romania
Tomnatic
Tomnatic
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 45°59′N 20°39′E / 45.983°N 20.650°E / 45.983; 20.650
CountryRomania
CountyTimiș
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2024) Stoian Vasiu[1] (PSD)
Area
[2]
35.38 km2 (13.66 sq mi)
Population
 (2021-12-01)[3]
3,106
 • Density88/km2 (230/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code
307255
Vehicle reg.TM
Websitewww.primariatomnatic.ro

Tomnatic (German: Triebswetter; Hungarian: Nagyősz) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Tomnatic. It was part of Lovrin commune until 2004, when it was split off.

Etymology[edit]

The name is the Romanian translation of the German Triebswetter ("fall weather"). This was the name of the village until the union of Banat with Romania. Through Romanianization, it was changed to Tomnatic. In some cases, the form Tomnatec was also used.[4]

History[edit]

Near Tomnatic took place the last battle between Ahtum, the leader of Romanians, Pechenegs and Bulgars in the rough territory of today's Banat, and the Hungarian invaders led by Chanadinus, a rebellious general of Ahtum, in 1003 or 1030 (the date of the battle is disputed).[5]

Tomnatic first appears in written history in 1000.[6] By 1451, it is mentioned under the name of Naghiuz ("Uzul Mare"), probably with reference to the Cuman population (Udi), who remained for a long time on the territory of the historical Banat. It was inhabited until the end of the Ottoman period, because Marsigli, in 1690–1700, mentions the Nagyeösz estate. With the reconquest of Banat from the Turks in 1716, the colonization of the region began. In 1772, at Tomnatic were settled colonists from the Alsace–Lorraine area, mostly French. 62% of the first settlers came from the Château-Salins area of France (on the border with Germany), 8% from Luxembourg, 5% from Baden, 5% from Bavaria and the rest from other parts of Germany.[7] 200 houses were originally built, according to the plans of engineer Antonius von Triebswetter. The name of the new Franco-German village was given in his honor: Triebswetter.

Tomnatic was for a long time the largest "French" village in Banat. The Germans were located in the southern part of the village on the so-called Deutschgasse (German street), and the French lived in the rest of the village. In time there was an assimilation of the French by the Germans, other French left Tomnatic for other French colonies in the Serbian Banat. The last person to speak only French was recorded in 1890. Some words of French origin have been preserved in the local vocabulary and the names of some families are reminiscent of the French origins of the inhabitants: Bailly, Bourgeau, Boquel, Frecôt, Tirier, etc.

The local church was built between 1846 and 1850. The then bishop of Banat, French-born Alexander Bonnaz [de], equipped the church with a high altar and two side altars.[8]

During the Bărăgan deportations, most people from Tomnatic were settled in Giurgenii Noi, later called Răchitoasa, in Ialomița County.

During the Hungarian administration, it was called Nagyösz, and after 1920 it took its current Romanian name. Just before the end of World War II, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction works.[8] Subsequently, 1,002 people from Tomnatic (almost a quarter of the population) were deported to the Bărăgan steppe, irrespective of ethnicity.[9]

Demographics[edit]

Ethnic composition (2011)[10]

  Romanians (78.44%)
  Roma (6.77%)
  Hungarians (3.98%)
  Germans (3.88%)
  Ukrainians (1.43%)
  Unknown (4.55%)
  Others (0.95%)

Religious composition (2011)[11]

  Orthodox (69.85%)
  Roman Catholics (15.81%)
  Pentecostals (6.39%)
  Greek Catholics (1.56%)
  Unknown (4.55%)
  Others (1.84%)

Tomnatic had a population of 3,144 inhabitants at the 2011 census, up 2% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (78.44%), larger minorities being represented by Roma (6.77%), Hungarians (3.98%), Germans (3.88%) and Ukrainians (1.43%). For 4.55% of the population, ethnicity is unknown.[10] By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (69.85%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (15.81%), Pentecostals (6.39%) and Greek Catholics (1.56%). For 4.55% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.[11]

Census[12] Ethnic composition
Year Population Romanians Hungarians Germans Roma Ukrainians Serbs Bulgarians
1880 3,428 29 9 3,363 – – 1 –
1890 3,659 32 17 3,560 – – 11 –
1900 3,435 41 60 3,319 – – 12 –
1910 3,622 55 56 3,378 51 – 68 –
1920 3,438 24 17 3,352 – – – –
1930 3,296 144 102 2,748 78 – 17 4
1941 3,364 266 170 2,743 – – – –
1956 3,501 – – – – – – –
1966 3,459 1,253 180 1,819 79 4 4 91
1977 3,585 1,673 194 1,454 169 15 5 61
1992 2,927 1,987 165 383 277 76 4 32
2002 3,088 2,429 144 154 260 75 7 18
2011 3,144 2,466 125 122 213 45 9 19

Economy[edit]

The local economy is based on agriculture, the inhabitants being specialized in growing vegetables. In the past, the village was known for its vineyards and orchards. After the installation of communism, agriculture took the form of vegetable farming on a large scale. Tomnatic was in the past the largest paprika production center in Banat. Today, paprika cultivation is practiced on a much smaller scale.[4]

Year No. of
active companies		 No. of
employees		 Evolution of
total turnover[13]
2005 32 186 RON 13.37 million
2007 44 209 RON 26.58 million
2009 41 127 RON 16.08 million
2011 43 149 RON 30.51 million
2013 47 128 RON 23.61 million
2015 50 114 RON 32.32 million
2017 50 118 RON 35.93 million
2019 56 112 RON 39.05 million
2021 64 96 RON 64.23 million

Notable people[edit]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tomnatic, Timiș.
  1. ^ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Primăria Tomnatic". Ghidul Primăriilor.
  3. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  4. ^ a b "Tomnatic (Timiș)". Enciclopedia României.
  5. ^ Madgearu, Alexandru (1993). "Contribuții privind datarea conflictului dintre ducele bănățean Ahtum și regele Ștefan I al Ungariei" (PDF). Banatica. 12 (2): 5–12.
  6. ^ Györffy, György (1966). Az Árpád-kori Magyarország történeti földrajza. Vol. I. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
  7. ^ Vogel, Heinz. "Herkunft". Triebswetter im Banat.
  8. ^ a b Bălan, Titus (6 March 2023). "Cel mai mare „sat francez" din Banat, devenit german, a dat unul din marii episcopi filantropi". Banatul Azi.
  9. ^ Sarafolean, Silviu (2001). Deportații în Bărăgan, 1951-1956. Timișoara: Mirton. ISBN 973-585-424-4.
  10. ^ a b "Tab8. Populația stabilă după etnie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune". Institutul Național de Statistică.
  11. ^ a b "Tab13. Populația stabilă după religie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune". Institutul Național de Statistică.
  12. ^ Varga, E. Árpád. "Temes megye településeinek etnikai (anyanyelvi/nemzetiségi) adatai 1880-2002" (PDF).
  13. ^ "Harta economică a firmelor din Tomnatic". Lista Firmelor din România.
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