Those firmly rooted in knowledge: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Term in the Qur'an}} |
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{{Arabicterm |
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|arabic = الراسخون في العلم |
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|arabic_rom = al-rasikhuna fi 'l-'ilm |
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}} |
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==Qur'an== |
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The term and its like is used in [[Al-Imran]] {{Quran-usc|3|7}} and {{Quran-usc|4|162}}. |
The term and its like is used in [[Al-Imran]] {{Quran-usc|3|7}} and {{Quran-usc|4|162}}. |
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== |
== A crux in 3:7 == |
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This verse is a [[crux (literary)|crux interpretum]], in that it can be read in two ways, with a pause and without.{{sfn|Neuwirth|2010|p=515}}{{sfn|Bar-Asher|2014}} |
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The phrase is either the end of the sentence that precedes it, or the beginning of a new sentence.{{sfn|Neuwirth|2010|p=515}}{{sfn|Bar-Asher|2014}} |
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Sunni and Shi'a differ in their readings.{{sfn|Neuwirth|2010|p=515}}{{sfn|Bar-Asher|2014}} |
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===Sunni view=== |
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| ⚫ | Sunni view that '''those firmly rooted in knowledge''' are the body of Muslim Jurists ({{lang-ar|[[Ulema]]|script=Latn|italic=yes}}) who interpret the [[Divine Law]] ({{lang-ar|[[sharia]]|script=Latn|italic=yes}}), deriving the [[Islamic]] [[Jurisprudence]] ({{lang-ar|[[Fiqh]]|script=Latn|italic=yes}}). |
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'''[[Ulema]]''' is the plural of '''[['alim|Alim]]''', Arabic for [[wikt:knowledgeable|knowledgeable]]. This connects to the Arabic for knowledge, [[Ilm (Arabic)|ilm]], the last word of this term: "al-rasikhuna fi 'l-''''ilm'''" |
'''[[Ulema]]''' is the plural of '''[['alim|Alim]]''', Arabic for [[wikt:knowledgeable|knowledgeable]]. This connects to the Arabic for knowledge, [[Ilm (Arabic)|ilm]], the last word of this term: "al-rasikhuna fi 'l-''''ilm'''" |
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==Shi'a view== |
===Shi'a view=== |
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Shi'a view '''those firmly rooted in knowledge''' to be [[Muhammad]]'s [[household]] and ({{lang-ar| |
Shi'a view '''those firmly rooted in knowledge''' to be [[Muhammad]]'s [[household]] and ({{lang-ar|[[Ahl al-Bayt]]|script=Latn|italic=yes}}) himself.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://home.swipnet.se/islam/books/imamate/lesson21.htm |title=Lesson Twenty-One: The Sources of the Imam's Knowledge<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001005302/http://home.swipnet.se/islam/books/imamate/lesson21.htm |archive-date=2007-10-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> See [[Al-Imran]] {{Quran-usc|3|7}} for some hadith in this regard. |
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==See also== |
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==View from Nahj al-Balagha== |
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* [[Muhkam and Mutashabih]] |
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"''Know that the '''firmly rooted in knowledge''' (rasikhuna fil-ilm) are those who refrain from opening the curtains that lie against the unknown, and their acknowledgement of ignorance about the details of the hidden unknown prevents them from probing further. Allah has praised them for their admission that they are unable to get knowledge not allowed to them. They do not go deep ino the discussion of what is not enjoined upon them about knowing Him and it is this quality that Allah has called "Rusookh" (firmness).''"<ref>From Sermon 90: Section - Attributes of Allah as described in the Quran</ref> |
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This portion, taken from a sermon of [[Imam Ali]], makes it clear that in his view the ''rasikhuna fil-ilm'' are not grouped together with Allah in the Qur'an [[Aale Imran, 7]] as pertains to the interpretation of the ambiguous verses of the Qur'an. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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<References/> |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* {{cite book|title=The Quran in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations Into the Quranic Milieu|author1-first=Angelika|author1-last=Neuwirth|editor1-first=Angelika|editor1-last=Neuwirth|editor2-first=Nicolai|editor2-last=Sinai|editor3-first=Michael|editor3-last=Marx|publisher=BRILL|year=2010|isbn=9789004176881|chapter=The House of Abraham and the House of Amram}} |
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* {{cite book|title=The Study of Shi'i Islam: History, Theology and Law|chapter=The Authority to Interpret The Qur'an|editor1-first=Farhad|editor1-last=Daftary|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2014|isbn=9780857735294|author1-first=Meir M.|author1-last=Bar-Asher}} |
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{{refend}} |
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== Further reading == |
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* {{cite book|title=Scripture and Exegesis in Early Imāmī-Shiism|publisher=BRILL|year=1999|isbn=9789004114951|page=100|chapter=The Authority to Interpret|author1-first=Meir M.|author1-last=Bar-Asher}} |
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* {{cite book|title=With Reverence for the Word: Medieval Scriptural Exegesis in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam|editor1-first=Jane Dammen|editor1-last=McAuliffe|editor2-first=Barry D.|editor2-last=Walfish|editor3-first=Joseph W.|editor3-last=Goering|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|year=2010|isbn=9780199755752|pages=425–433|author1-first=Stefan|author1-last=Wild|chapter=The Self-Referentiality of the Qur'an: Sura 3:7 as an Exegetical Challenge}} |
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{{Islam-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 17:40, 25 June 2024
| Those firmly rooted in knowledge | |
| Arabic | الراسخون في العلم |
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| Romanization | al-rasikhuna fi 'l-'ilm |
| Literal meaning | Those firmly rooted in knowledge |
Those firmly rooted in knowledge (Arabic: الراسخون في العلم) is a recurring theme in the Qur'an and Sunnah. This term is of special interest for the Shi'a.
The term and its like is used in Al-Imran [Quran 3:7] and [Quran 4:162].
A crux in 3:7[edit]
This verse is a crux interpretum, in that it can be read in two ways, with a pause and without.[1][2] The phrase is either the end of the sentence that precedes it, or the beginning of a new sentence.[1][2] Sunni and Shi'a differ in their readings.[1][2]
Sunni view[edit]
All those who speak truth, their hearts are firm in belief, do not commit any unlawful acts, those who are well grounded in their knowledge of Deen, their knowledge translates into their actions, does not swear or take false oaths, does not consume wealth unlawfully.
Sunni view that those firmly rooted in knowledge are the body of Muslim Jurists (Arabic: Ulema) who interpret the Divine Law (Arabic: sharia), deriving the Islamic Jurisprudence (Arabic: Fiqh).
Ulema is the plural of Alim, Arabic for knowledgeable. This connects to the Arabic for knowledge, ilm, the last word of this term: "al-rasikhuna fi 'l-'ilm"
Shi'a view[edit]
Shi'a view those firmly rooted in knowledge to be Muhammad's household and (Arabic: Ahl al-Bayt) himself.[3] See Al-Imran [Quran 3:7] for some hadith in this regard.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Neuwirth 2010, p. 515.
- ^ a b c Bar-Asher 2014.
- ^ "Lesson Twenty-One: The Sources of the Imam's Knowledge". Archived from the original on 2007-10-01. Retrieved 2006-10-22.
- Neuwirth, Angelika (2010). "The House of Abraham and the House of Amram". In Neuwirth, Angelika; Sinai, Nicolai; Marx, Michael (eds.). The Quran in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations Into the Quranic Milieu. BRILL. ISBN 9789004176881.
- Bar-Asher, Meir M. (2014). "The Authority to Interpret The Qur'an". In Daftary, Farhad (ed.). The Study of Shi'i Islam: History, Theology and Law. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9780857735294.
Further reading[edit]
- Bar-Asher, Meir M. (1999). "The Authority to Interpret". Scripture and Exegesis in Early Imāmī-Shiism. BRILL. p. 100. ISBN 9789004114951.
- Wild, Stefan (2010). "The Self-Referentiality of the Qur'an: Sura 3:7 as an Exegetical Challenge". In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen; Walfish, Barry D.; Goering, Joseph W. (eds.). With Reverence for the Word: Medieval Scriptural Exegesis in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 425–433. ISBN 9780199755752.
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