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{{Short description|Imperial Russian Admiral and Minister of the Navy}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name= Theodor Kristian Avellan
|name= Theodor Kristian Avellan
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==Decorations==
==Decorations==
*1869 : [[File:Order of Saint Stanislaus Ribbon.PNG|30px|link=Order of St. Stanislav]] [[Order of St. Stanislaus]] 3rd degree
*1869 : [[File:Order of Saint Stanislaus Ribbon.PNG|30px|link=Order of St. Stanislav]] [[Order of St. Stanislaus]] 3rd degree
*1872: [[File:Order of Saint Anne Ribbon.PNG|30px|link=Order of St. Anna]] [[Order of St. Anna|Order of St. Anne]] 3rd degree
*1872: [[File:Order of Saint Anna ribbon bar.svg|30px|link=Order of St. Anna]] [[Order of St. Anna|Order of St. Anne]] 3rd degree
*1875 : [[File:Cavaliere SSML BAR.svg|30px|link= Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]] [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]], 4th class (Italy)
*1875 : [[File:Cavaliere SSML BAR.svg|30px|link= Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]] [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]], 4th class (Italy)
*1875: [[File:Saint vladimir (bande).png|30px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] [[Order of St Vladimir]] 4th degree
*1875: [[File:Saint vladimir (bande).png|30px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] [[Order of St Vladimir]] 4th degree
*1876 : [[File:Order of Saint Stanislaus Ribbon.PNG|30px|link=Order of St. Stanislav]] [[Order of St. Stanislaus]] 3rd degree
*1876 : [[File:Order of Saint Stanislaus Ribbon.PNG|30px|link=Order of St. Stanislav]] [[Order of St. Stanislaus]] 3rd degree
*1879: [[File:Order of Saint Anne Ribbon.PNG|30px|link=Order of St. Anna]] [[Order of St. Anna|Order of St. Anne]] 2nd degree
*1879: [[File:Order of Saint Anna ribbon bar.svg|30px|link=Order of St. Anna]] [[Order of St. Anna|Order of St. Anne]] 2nd degree
*1883 : [[File:Royal Order of Kapi'olani. Officer.gif|30px|link= Royal Order of Kapiolani]] [[Royal Order of Kapiolani]], Commanders Cross (Hawaii)
*1883 : [[File:Royal Order of Kapi'olani. Officer.gif|30px|link= Royal Order of Kapiolani]] [[Royal Order of Kapiolani]], Commanders Cross (Hawaii)
*1884 : [[File:GRE Order Redeemer 2Class.png|30px|link= Order of the Redeemer]] [[Order of the Redeemer]], 2nd class (Greece)
*1884 : [[File:GRE Order Redeemer 2Class.svg|30px|link= Order of the Redeemer]] [[Order of the Redeemer]], 2nd class (Greece)
*1890 : [[File:Saint vladimir (bande).png|30px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] [[Order of St Vladimir]] 3rd degree
*1890 : [[File:Saint vladimir (bande).png|30px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] [[Order of St Vladimir]] 3rd degree
*1891 : [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|30px|link= Legion of Honor]] [[Legion of Honor]], Commanders Cross, (France)
*1891 : [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|30px|link= Legion of Honor]] [[Legion of Honor]], Commanders Cross, (France)
*1893 : [[File:Legion Honneur GO ribbon.svg|30px|link= Legion of Honor]] [[Legion of Honor]], 2nd class, (France)
*1893 : [[File:Legion Honneur GO ribbon.svg|30px|link= Legion of Honor]] [[Legion of Honor]], 2nd class, (France)
*1894 : [[File:Order of the Medjidie lenta.png|30px|link= Order of the Medjidie]] [[Order of the Medjidie]], 2nd class, (Ottoman Empire)
*1894 : [[File:Order of the Medjidie lenta.png|30px|link= Order of the Medjidie]] [[Order of the Medjidie]], 2nd class, (Ottoman Empire)
*1896: [[File:Order of Saint Anne Ribbon.PNG|30px|link=Order of St. Anna]] [[Order of St. Anna|Order of St. Anne]] 1st degree
*1896: [[File:Order of Saint Anna ribbon bar.svg|30px|link=Order of St. Anna]] [[Order of St. Anna|Order of St. Anne]] 1st degree
*1897 : [[File:GRE Order Redeemer 1Class.png|30px|link= Order of the Redeemer]] [[Order of the Redeemer]], Grand Cross (Greece)
*1897 : [[File:GRE Order Redeemer 1Class.png|30px|link= Order of the Redeemer]] [[Order of the Redeemer]], Grand Cross (Greece)
*1897 : [[File:DNK Order of Danebrog Commander BAR.png|30px|link= Order of the Dannebrog]] [[Order of the Dannebrog]], Knight Commander 2nd class (Denmark)
*1897 : [[File:DNK Order of Danebrog Commander BAR.png|30px|link= Order of the Dannebrog]] [[Order of the Dannebrog]], Knight Commander 2nd class (Denmark)
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*1897 : [[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|30px|link=Order of the Crown of ThailandSun]] [[Order of the Crown of Thailand|Order of the Crown of Siam]], 1st class (Siam)
*1897 : [[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|30px|link=Order of the Crown of ThailandSun]] [[Order of the Crown of Thailand|Order of the Crown of Siam]], 1st class (Siam)
*1898 : [[File:Bg1osa.gif|30px]] [[Order of St Alexander]] 1st Class (Bulgaria)
*1898 : [[File:Bg1osa.gif|30px]] [[Order of St Alexander]] 1st Class (Bulgaria)
*1899 : [[File:Star of Romania Ribbon.PNG|30px|link=Order of the Star of Romania]] Knight Grand Cross [[Order of the Star of Romania]], 1st class (Romania)
*1899 : [[File:Order of the Star of Romania - Ribbon bar.svg|30px|link=Order of the Star of Romania]] Knight Grand Cross [[Order of the Star of Romania]], 1st class (Romania)
*1900 : [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg|30px|link=Order of the Rising Sun]] [[Order of the Rising Sun]], 1st class (Japan)
*1900 : [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg|30px|link=Order of the Rising Sun]] [[Order of the Rising Sun]], 1st class (Japan)
*1900 : [[File:Saint vladimir (bande).png|30px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] [[Order of St Vladimir]] 1st degree
*1900 : [[File:Saint vladimir (bande).png|30px|link=Order of St. Vladimir]] [[Order of St Vladimir]] 1st degree
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[[Category:1916 deaths]]
[[Category:1916 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Loviisa]]
[[Category:People from Loviisa]]
[[Category:People from Uusimaa Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Uusimaa Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class]]
[[Category:Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)]]
[[Category:Swedish-speaking Finns]]
[[Category:Swedish-speaking Finns]]
[[Category:Naval Cadet Corps alumni]]

Latest revision as of 08:26, 29 August 2023

Theodor Kristian Avellan
Admiral Theodor Avellan in 1904
Born(1839-09-12)September 12, 1839
Loviisa, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire
DiedSeptember 30, 1916(1916-09-30) (aged 77)
Petrograd, Russian Empire
Allegiance Russian Empire
Service/branch Imperial Russian Navy
Years of service1855-1905
RankAdmiral
Battles/warsRusso Japanese War
Other workMinister of the Navy

Theodor Kristian Avellan (Russian: Фёдор Карлович Авелан, Fyodor Karlovich Avelan; 12 September 1839 – 30 September 1916) was a Finland-Swedish admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, noted for his role in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. Although castigated by the Russian government for the defeat of Russia in that war, he subsequently served on the Board of Admiralty and was member of the State Council (1914).

Biography[edit]

Avellan was born in Loviisa in the Grand Duchy of Finland. He graduated from the Sea Cadets Corps in 1855, and was promoted to lieutenant in 1857, and was assigned to the Baltic Fleet, and was promoted to lieutenant in 1872. In 1878, he took part in a naval expedition to the coasts of North America and was subsequently given command of the cruiser Asia. Between 1879-1889 he made two world tours, commanding a number of different vessels. In 1889 he was promoted to Chief-of-Staff of Kronstadt naval base. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1891. From 1893–1894, Avellan commanded the Russian squadron in the Mediterranean, and visited the French Navy in Toulon (October 1893) to reinforce the Franco-Russian Alliance.[1] From 1895-1897 he served as Deputy Chief-of-Staff of the Imperial Russian Navy. He then became Chief-of-Staff and was raised in rank the Adjutant-General in 1903. He served as Minister of the Navy from 10 March 1903 to 29 June 1905. Following the massive defeat of the Imperial Russian Navy at the Battle of Tsushima, he was held responsible for the disaster due to his underestimation of the Japanese and was stripped of his rank. Although he presented his resignation to Tsar Nicholas II, his resignation was rejected. In 1914, he was allowed to have a seat in the Council of State. He died on 30 September 1916 in Petrograd.

Decorations[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ L'Illustration, n° 2642 , October 14, 1893
  • Connaughton, R.M (1988). The War of the Rising Sun and the Tumbling Bear—A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–5, London, ISBN 0-415-00906-5.
  • Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4927-5.
  • Warner, Denis & Peggy. The Tide at Sunrise, A History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905. (1975). ISBN 0-7146-5256-3.
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