Pandy's test: Difference between revisions
m →References: clean up using AWB |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (Maxim Masiutin - 17934 |
||
| (10 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}} |
|||
{{multiple issues| |
|||
{{Orphan|date=October 2012}} |
|||
{{no footnotes|date=August 2013}} |
{{no footnotes|date=August 2013}} |
||
{{Infobox diagnostic |
|||
| name = Pandy's test |
|||
| image = |
|||
| alt = |
|||
| caption = |
|||
| pronounce = |
|||
| purpose =detect the elevated levels of proteins |
|||
| test of = |
|||
| based on = |
|||
| synonyms = |
|||
| reference_range = |
|||
| calculator = |
|||
| DiseasesDB = <!--{{DiseasesDB2|numeric_id}}--> |
|||
| ICD10 = <!--{{ICD10|Group|Major|minor|LinkGroup|LinkMajor}} or {{ICD10PCS|code|char1/char2/char3/char4}}--> |
|||
| ICD9 = |
|||
| ICDO = |
|||
| MedlinePlus = <!--article_number--> |
|||
| eMedicine = <!--article_number--> |
|||
| MeshID = |
|||
| OPS301 = <!--{{OPS301|code}}--> |
|||
| LOINC = <!--{{LOINC|code}}--> |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Pandy's test''' (or Pandy's reaction) is done on the [[Cerebrospinal fluid|CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)]] to detect the elevated levels of [[protein]]s (mainly [[globulins]]). This test is named after the Hungarian [[neurologist]], Pándy Kálmán (1868–1945) who developed this test in the year 1910. |
'''Pandy's test''' (or Pandy's reaction) is done on the [[Cerebrospinal fluid|CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)]] to detect the elevated levels of [[protein]]s (mainly [[globulins]]). This test is named after the Hungarian [[neurologist]], Pándy Kálmán (1868–1945) who developed this test in the year 1910. |
||
| Line 18: | Line 37: | ||
== Reactions and Results == |
== Reactions and Results == |
||
Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin are present in the ratio of 8 to 1. |
Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin are present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases. |
||
''The normal CSF is clear and transparent fluid. The Pandy's reaction makes it translucent or opaque.'' |
''The normal CSF is clear and transparent fluid. The Pandy's reaction makes it translucent or opaque.'' |
||
=== Positive test === |
=== Positive test === |
||
A |
A positive test shows a bluish-white streak of precipitated proteins. The degree of turbidity depends on the amount of protein in the CSF. It can vary from '''faint turbidity''' (mild to moderate elevation in CSF proteins) to '''dense milky precipitate''' (high protein content in CSF). |
||
The positive Pandy's reaction may indicate one or more of the following pathological conditions: |
The positive Pandy's reaction may indicate one or more of the following pathological conditions: |
||
| Line 52: | Line 71: | ||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
# Merriam-Webster's Free Medical Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/pandy%27s+test?show=0&t=1288164619 |
# Merriam-Webster's Free Medical Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/pandy%27s+test?show=0&t=1288164619 |
||
# Biology-Online Dictionary. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Pandys_reaction |
# Biology-Online Dictionary. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Pandys_reaction {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222103601/http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Pandys_reaction |date=2019-12-22 }} |
||
# Kooiker and Roberts (1998) Procedures in ER |
# Kooiker and Roberts (1998) Procedures in ER |
||
# Ravel (1995) Lab Medicine, Mosby |
# Ravel (1995) Lab Medicine, Mosby |
||
# Tunkel and Mandell (2000) Infectious Disease |
# Tunkel and Mandell (2000) Infectious Disease |
||
# {{cite journal | pmid = 14524396 | volume=68 | title=Cerebrospinal fluid analysis | date=September 2003 |vauthors=Seehusen DA, Reeves MM, Fomin DA | journal=Am Fam Physician | pages=1103–8}} |
# {{cite journal | pmid = 14524396 | volume=68 | title=Cerebrospinal fluid analysis | date=September 2003 |vauthors=Seehusen DA, Reeves MM, Fomin DA | journal=Am Fam Physician | issue=6 | pages=1103–8}} |
||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
Latest revision as of 01:12, 10 March 2024
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (August 2013) |
| Pandy's test | |
|---|---|
| Purpose | detect the elevated levels of proteins |
Pandy's test (or Pandy's reaction) is done on the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) to detect the elevated levels of proteins (mainly globulins). This test is named after the Hungarian neurologist, Pándy Kálmán (1868–1945) who developed this test in the year 1910.
Principle[edit]
Proteins (globulin and albumin) are precipitated by a saturated solution of phenol in water.
The reagent used is phenol (carbolic acid crystals dissolved in water) or, pyrogallic acid or, cresol, usually termed as Pandy's reagent or Pandy's solution.
Procedure[edit]
One drop of CSF sample (collected from the patient by lumbar puncture technique), is added to about 1ml of Pandy's solution. The turbid appearance signifies the presence of elevated levels of globulin protein in the CSF and is regarded as positive Pandy's reaction. The CSF from a normal adult shows no turbidity or precipitates and this is a negative Pandy's reaction.
Reactions and Results[edit]
Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin are present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases.
The normal CSF is clear and transparent fluid. The Pandy's reaction makes it translucent or opaque.
Positive test[edit]
A positive test shows a bluish-white streak of precipitated proteins. The degree of turbidity depends on the amount of protein in the CSF. It can vary from faint turbidity (mild to moderate elevation in CSF proteins) to dense milky precipitate (high protein content in CSF).
The positive Pandy's reaction may indicate one or more of the following pathological conditions:
- Diabetes mellitus
- Brain tumor (Meningioma, Acoustic neuroma or, Ependymoma)
- Encapsulated brain abscess
- Spinal cord tumor
- Multiple sclerosis
- Acute purulent Meningitis
- Granulomatous Meningitis
- Carcinomatous Meningitis
- Syphilis (protein may be normal if longstanding)
- Guillain–Barré syndrome [Infectious polyneuritis] (Protein rises after 5–7 days)
- Cushing's disease
- Connective tissue disease
- Uremia
- Myxedema
- Cerebral hemorrhage
Negative test[edit]
No cloudy turbidity observed. The CSF sample is normal i.e. with normal protein contents.
Please note that the normal CSF protein is also obtained in several pathological conditions like viral CNS infections, brainstem glioma, ischemic cerebrovascular accident.
References[edit]
- Merriam-Webster's Free Medical Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/pandy%27s+test?show=0&t=1288164619
- Biology-Online Dictionary. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Pandys_reaction Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
- Kooiker and Roberts (1998) Procedures in ER
- Ravel (1995) Lab Medicine, Mosby
- Tunkel and Mandell (2000) Infectious Disease
- Seehusen DA, Reeves MM, Fomin DA (September 2003). "Cerebrospinal fluid analysis". Am Fam Physician. 68 (6): 1103–8. PMID 14524396.