Pandy's test: Difference between revisions

Pandy's test
Pandy's test
Purpose	detect the elevated levels of proteins

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 01:12, 10 March 2024

Pandy's test (or Pandy's reaction) is done on the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) to detect the elevated levels of proteins (mainly globulins). This test is named after the Hungarian neurologist, Pándy Kálmán (1868–1945) who developed this test in the year 1910.

Principle[edit]

Proteins (globulin and albumin) are precipitated by a saturated solution of phenol in water.

The reagent used is phenol (carbolic acid crystals dissolved in water) or, pyrogallic acid or, cresol, usually termed as Pandy's reagent or Pandy's solution.

Procedure[edit]

One drop of CSF sample (collected from the patient by lumbar puncture technique), is added to about 1ml of Pandy's solution. The turbid appearance signifies the presence of elevated levels of globulin protein in the CSF and is regarded as positive Pandy's reaction. The CSF from a normal adult shows no turbidity or precipitates and this is a negative Pandy's reaction.

Reactions and Results[edit]

Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin are present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases.

The normal CSF is clear and transparent fluid. The Pandy's reaction makes it translucent or opaque.

Positive test[edit]

A positive test shows a bluish-white streak of precipitated proteins. The degree of turbidity depends on the amount of protein in the CSF. It can vary from faint turbidity (mild to moderate elevation in CSF proteins) to dense milky precipitate (high protein content in CSF).

The positive Pandy's reaction may indicate one or more of the following pathological conditions:

Diabetes mellitus
Brain tumor (Meningioma, Acoustic neuroma or, Ependymoma)
Encapsulated brain abscess
Spinal cord tumor
Multiple sclerosis
Acute purulent Meningitis
Granulomatous Meningitis
Carcinomatous Meningitis
Syphilis (protein may be normal if longstanding)
Guillain–Barré syndrome [Infectious polyneuritis] (Protein rises after 5–7 days)
Cushing's disease
Connective tissue disease
Uremia
Myxedema
Cerebral hemorrhage

Negative test[edit]

No cloudy turbidity observed. The CSF sample is normal i.e. with normal protein contents.

Please note that the normal CSF protein is also obtained in several pathological conditions like viral CNS infections, brainstem glioma, ischemic cerebrovascular accident.

References[edit]

Merriam-Webster's Free Medical Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/pandy%27s+test?show=0&t=1288164619
Biology-Online Dictionary. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Pandys_reaction Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
Kooiker and Roberts (1998) Procedures in ER
Ravel (1995) Lab Medicine, Mosby
Tunkel and Mandell (2000) Infectious Disease
Seehusen DA, Reeves MM, Fomin DA (September 2003). "Cerebrospinal fluid analysis". Am Fam Physician. 68 (6): 1103–8. PMID 14524396.

External links[edit]

Diagnostic test

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
-'''Pandy's test''' (or Pandy's reaction) is done on the [[Cerebrospinal_fluid|CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)]] to detect the elevated levels of [[Protein|proteins]] (mainly [[Globulins|globulins]]). This test is named after the Hungarian [[Neurologist|neurologist]], Pándy Kálmán (1868–1945) who developed this test in the year 1910.
+{{no footnotes|date=August 2013}}
+{{Infobox diagnostic
+| name            = Pandy's test
+| image           =
+| alt             =
+| caption         =
+| pronounce       =
+| purpose         =detect the elevated levels of proteins
+| test of         =
+| based on        =
+| synonyms        =
+| reference_range =
+| calculator      =
+| DiseasesDB      = <!--{{DiseasesDB2|numeric_id}}-->
+| ICD10           = <!--{{ICD10|Group|Major|minor|LinkGroup|LinkMajor}} or {{ICD10PCS|code|char1/char2/char3/char4}}-->
+| ICD9            =
+| ICDO            =
+| MedlinePlus     = <!--article_number-->
+| eMedicine       = <!--article_number-->
+| MeshID          =
+| OPS301          = <!--{{OPS301|code}}-->
+| LOINC           = <!--{{LOINC|code}}-->
+}}
+'''Pandy's test''' (or Pandy's reaction) is done on the [[Cerebrospinal fluid|CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)]] to detect the elevated levels of [[protein]]s (mainly [[globulins]]). This test is named after the Hungarian [[neurologist]], Pándy Kálmán (1868–1945) who developed this test in the year 1910.
 == Principle ==
-Proteins ([[Globulin]] and [[albumin]]) are precipitated by a saturated solution of phenol in water.
+Proteins ([[globulin]] and [[albumin]]) are precipitated by a saturated solution of phenol in water.
-The reagent used is [[phenol]] ([[carbolic acid]] crystals dissolved in water) or, [[Pyrogallic_acid|pyrogallic acid]] or, [[Cresol|cresol]], usually termed as Pandy's reagent or Pandy's solution.
+The reagent used is [[phenol]] ([[carbolic acid]] crystals dissolved in water) or, [[pyrogallic acid]] or, [[cresol]], usually termed as Pandy's reagent or Pandy's solution.
 == Procedure ==
-One drop of CSF sample (collected from the patient by [[lumber puncture]] technique), is added to about 1ml of Pandy's solution. The turbid appearance signifies the presence of elevated levels of globulin protein in the CSF and is regarded as positive Pandy's reaction. The CSF from a normal adult shows no turbid precipitate indicates negative Pandy's reaction.
+One drop of CSF sample (collected from the patient by [[lumbar puncture]] technique), is added to about 1ml of Pandy's solution. The turbid appearance signifies the presence of elevated levels of globulin protein in the CSF and is regarded as positive Pandy's reaction. The CSF from a normal adult shows no turbidity or precipitates and this is a negative Pandy's reaction.
 == Reactions and Results ==
@@ Line 17: / Line 41: @@
 ''The normal CSF is clear and transparent fluid. The Pandy's reaction makes it translucent or opaque.''
-==== Positive test ====
+=== Positive test ===
-A bluish white streak of precipitated proteins is seen. The degree of turbidity depends on the amount of protein in the CSF. It can vary from '''faint turbidity''' (mild to moderate elevation in CSF proteins) to '''dense milky precipitate''' (high protein content in CSF).
+A positive test shows a bluish-white streak of precipitated proteins. The degree of turbidity depends on the amount of protein in the CSF. It can vary from '''faint turbidity''' (mild to moderate elevation in CSF proteins) to '''dense milky precipitate''' (high protein content in CSF).
 The positive Pandy's reaction may indicate one or more of the following pathological conditions:
-* [[Diabetes Mellitus]]
+* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
-* Brain Tumor [Meningioma, Acoustic neuroma or, Ependymoma]
+* [[Brain tumor]] ([[Meningioma]], [[Acoustic neuroma]] or, [[Ependymoma]])
-* Encapsulated brain abscess
+* Encapsulated [[brain abscess]]
-* Spinal cord tumor
+* [[Spinal cord tumor]]
-* [[Multiple Sclerosis]]
+* [[Multiple sclerosis]]
-* Acute purulent Meningitis
+* Acute purulent [[Meningitis]]
 * Granulomatous Meningitis
 * Carcinomatous Meningitis
 * [[Syphilis]]  (protein may be normal if longstanding)
-* [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]] [Infectious polyneuritis] (Protein rises after 5-7 days)
+* [[Guillain–Barré syndrome]] [Infectious [[polyneuritis]]] (Protein rises after 5–7 days)
-* [[Cushing's Disease]]
+* [[Cushing's disease]]
 * Connective tissue disease
 * [[Uremia]]
@@ Line 38: / Line 62: @@
 * [[Cerebral hemorrhage]]
-==== Negative test ====
+=== Negative test ===
 No cloudy turbidity observed. The CSF sample is normal i.e. with normal protein contents.
-''Please note that the normal CSF protein is also obtained in several pathological conditions like viral [[Central_nervous_system|CNS]] infections, [[brainstem glioma]], [[ischemic]] [[cerebrovascular]] accident.''
+''Please note that the normal CSF protein is also obtained in several pathological conditions like viral [[Central nervous system|CNS]] infections, [[brainstem glioma]], [[ischemic]] [[cerebrovascular]] accident.''
 == References ==
 <!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically -->
 {{Reflist}}
-. Merriam-Webster's Free Medical Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/pandy%27s+test?show=0&t=1288164619
+# Merriam-Webster's Free Medical Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/pandy%27s+test?show=0&t=1288164619
+# Biology-Online Dictionary. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Pandys_reaction {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222103601/http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Pandys_reaction |date=2019-12-22 }}
+# Kooiker and Roberts (1998) Procedures in ER
+# Ravel (1995) Lab Medicine, Mosby
+# Tunkel and Mandell (2000) Infectious Disease
+# {{cite journal | pmid = 14524396 | volume=68 | title=Cerebrospinal fluid analysis | date=September 2003 |vauthors=Seehusen DA, Reeves MM, Fomin DA | journal=Am Fam Physician | issue=6 | pages=1103–8}}
+== External links ==
-. Biology-Online Dictionary. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Pandys_reaction
+[[Diagnostic test]]
+[[Category:CSF tests]]
-. Kooiker and Roberts (1998) Procedures in ER
-. Ravel (1995) Lab Medicine, Mosby
-. Tunkel and Mandell (2000) Infectious Disease
-. Am Fam Physician (2003). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&amp=&amp=&db=pubmed&term=Seehusen%20%20[AU]%20AND%202003%20[DP]%20AND%20%20Am%20Fam%20Physician%20%20[TA]