(Go: >> BACK << -|- >> HOME <<)
Jump to content

Low-cost carrier terminal: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
5,031,221 edits
m Alter: template type, title, author, journal. Add: doi, author-link, date, title, newspaper. Removed URL that duplicated unique identifier. Converted bare reference to cite template. Removed parameters. | You can use this bot yourself. Report bugs here.| Activated by User:Headbomb
Line 15: Line 15:
** forgoing expensive architectural design for simple boxy warehouse-like design.
** forgoing expensive architectural design for simple boxy warehouse-like design.
** low ceilings.
** low ceilings.
** foregoing steel and glass structures to reduce air conditioning overhead cost.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/centre-to-focus-on-low-cost-airports-along-tourist-circuits-114070300950_1.html|title=Centre to focus on low-cost airports along tourist circuits|first=Sharmistha|last=Mukherjee|date=5 July 2014|publisher=|accessdate=23 April 2018|via=Business Standard}}</ref>
** foregoing steel and glass structures to reduce air conditioning overhead cost.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/centre-to-focus-on-low-cost-airports-along-tourist-circuits-114070300950_1.html|title=Centre to focus on low-cost airports along tourist circuits|first=Sharmistha|last=Mukherjee|date=5 July 2014|accessdate=23 April 2018|via=Business Standard|newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref>
* Amenities:
* Amenities:
** may have less choice in terms of restaurants and duty-free shops.
** may have less choice in terms of restaurants and duty-free shops.
Line 32: Line 32:
{{quote|''When klia2 was first proposed MAHB said it would cost MYR2 billion, a figure that was later revised to MYR2.6 billion. Then came news that the terminal would cost MYR4 billion, double the original estimate. Now there’s talk that the bill could go as high as MYR5 billion. That makes no sense – the low-cost terminal will now cost much more than KLIA. Yes, I asked for a new terminal but one that has simple facilities. Did it have to cost 20 times our present LCCT?''|Tony Fernandes, on klia2.}}
{{quote|''When klia2 was first proposed MAHB said it would cost MYR2 billion, a figure that was later revised to MYR2.6 billion. Then came news that the terminal would cost MYR4 billion, double the original estimate. Now there’s talk that the bill could go as high as MYR5 billion. That makes no sense – the low-cost terminal will now cost much more than KLIA. Yes, I asked for a new terminal but one that has simple facilities. Did it have to cost 20 times our present LCCT?''|Tony Fernandes, on klia2.}}


Budget terminals also have to consider if they only serve budget airlines or all airlines. In this way, a terminal can essentially "lose its budget identity".<ref name="capalcca">{{cite web|url=http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/low-cost-airport-terminals-still-popular-in-asia-pacific-but-declining-in-significance-in-europe-81651|title=Low cost airport terminals still popular in Asia Pacific but declining in significance in Europe|publisher=|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> In the case of Macau airport, "from an airport perspective, having a separate LCCT is frequently more expensive than having one terminal for all carrier types because of the need to duplicate services and systems including check-in, security and immigration." <ref name="capalcca"/> In the case of KLIA2, Malaysia Airports has instructed Airasia in 2016 that the overbudget terminal isn't a LCCT terminal at all.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/06/13/malaysia-airports-disagree-with-klia2-as-low-cost-terminal/|title=Malaysia Airports quashes AirAsia's LCCT2 plans - Nation - The Star Online|author=|date=|website=www.thestar.com.my|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref>
Budget terminals also have to consider if they only serve budget airlines or all airlines. In this way, a terminal can essentially "lose its budget identity".<ref name="capalcca">{{cite web|url=http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/low-cost-airport-terminals-still-popular-in-asia-pacific-but-declining-in-significance-in-europe-81651|title=Low cost airport terminals still popular in Asia Pacific but declining in significance in Europe|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> In the case of Macau airport, "from an airport perspective, having a separate LCCT is frequently more expensive than having one terminal for all carrier types because of the need to duplicate services and systems including check-in, security and immigration." <ref name="capalcca"/> In the case of KLIA2, Malaysia Airports has instructed Airasia in 2016 that the overbudget terminal isn't a LCCT terminal at all.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/06/13/malaysia-airports-disagree-with-klia2-as-low-cost-terminal/|title=Malaysia Airports quashes AirAsia's LCCT2 plans - Nation - The Star Online|author=|date=|website=www.thestar.com.my|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref>


==List of existing/expanding budget terminals==
==List of existing/expanding budget terminals==


=== Europe ===
=== Europe ===
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marseille Provence Airport]] - first terminal entirely developed for low-cost airlines in France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aviation24.be/forums/viewtopic.php?t=35922&p=204945|title=New low cost terminal inaugurated at Marseille - Aviation24.be|publisher=|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marseille Provence Airport]] - first terminal entirely developed for low-cost airlines in France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aviation24.be/forums/viewtopic.php?t=35922&p=204945|title=New low cost terminal inaugurated at Marseille - Aviation24.be|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport]] - the creation of Terminal 3, a former charter facility for low-cost airlines.
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport]] - the creation of Terminal 3, a former charter facility for low-cost airlines.
*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[David the Builder Kutaisi International Airport]] - airport served mainly by low-cost carriers
*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[David the Builder Kutaisi International Airport]] - airport served mainly by low-cost carriers
Line 51: Line 51:
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne Airport]] - the first budget terminal in Australia, Terminal 4 is currently used by [[Tiger Airways Australia]] and [[Jetstar Airways]].
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne Airport]] - the first budget terminal in Australia, Terminal 4 is currently used by [[Tiger Airways Australia]] and [[Jetstar Airways]].
*{{flagicon|India}} [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] - Terminal 1 not dedicated to but being used by low-cost carriers
*{{flagicon|India}} [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] - Terminal 1 not dedicated to but being used by low-cost carriers
*{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Soekarno-Hatta Airport]] Terminal 2F - created by elimination of existing air conditioning, duty-free shops, baggage handling and air bridges, reducing # of check-in desks, while adding kiosks, self-service bag drop, and expanding from capacity from 9 to 24 million.<ref>https://jakartaglobe.id/context/soekarnohatta-airport-set-to-open-indonesias-first-lowcost-carrier-terminal</ref>
*{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Soekarno-Hatta Airport]] Terminal 2F - created by elimination of existing air conditioning, duty-free shops, baggage handling and air bridges, reducing # of check-in desks, while adding kiosks, self-service bag drop, and expanding from capacity from 9 to 24 million.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://jakartaglobe.id/context/soekarnohatta-airport-set-to-open-indonesias-first-lowcost-carrier-terminal |title = Soekarno-Hatta Airport Set to Open Indonesia's First Low-Cost Carrier Terminal}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ben Gurion International Airport]] - Terminal 1, the older terminal (replaced by Terminal 3) renovated and dedicated for Low-Cost international flights, opened at June 2017
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ben Gurion International Airport]] - Terminal 1, the older terminal (replaced by Terminal 3) renovated and dedicated for Low-Cost international flights, opened at June 2017
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Naha International Airport]] - small budget terminal opened Oct 2012.
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Naha International Airport]] - small budget terminal opened Oct 2012.
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Narita International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-05/tokyo-s-narita-to-build-low-cost-carrier-terminal-by-2015-1-.html|title=Tokyo’s Narita to Build Low-Cost Carrier Terminal by 2015|author=Chris Cooper|date=5 April 2012|work=Bloomberg.com|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> Terminal 3 opened April 8, 2015 with discounted airport tax.
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Narita International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-05/tokyo-s-narita-to-build-low-cost-carrier-terminal-by-2015-1-.html|title=Tokyo's Narita to Build Low-Cost Carrier Terminal by 2015|author=Chris Cooper|date=5 April 2012|work=Bloomberg.com|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> Terminal 3 opened April 8, 2015 with discounted airport tax.
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kansai International Airport]] - small budget terminal opened Oct 2012.
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kansai International Airport]] - small budget terminal opened Oct 2012.
*{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]] - [[klia2]], Opened in May 2014 and it is a hybrid terminal that accommodates low-cost carriers.
*{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]] - [[klia2]], Opened in May 2014 and it is a hybrid terminal that accommodates low-cost carriers.
Line 65: Line 65:


==List of proposed budget terminals==
==List of proposed budget terminals==
* {{flagicon|TWN}} [[Taoyuan International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/10/17/2003545412|title=Airport executives mull new terminal for low-cost flights|publisher=|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|TWN}} [[Taoyuan International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/10/17/2003545412|title=Airport executives mull new terminal for low-cost flights|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|PHL}} [[Clark International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pampanga/local-news/2012/03/29/aquino-supports-p12-b-budget-terminal-clark-213851|title=Local News|work=Sun.Star|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>, the [https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/clark-international-airport-rapid-growth-and-possible-lcct-440998 first] in the country, despite having low-cost carriers for decades.
* {{flagicon|PHL}} [[Clark International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pampanga/local-news/2012/03/29/aquino-supports-p12-b-budget-terminal-clark-213851|title=Local News|work=Sun.Star|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>, the [https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/clark-international-airport-rapid-growth-and-possible-lcct-440998 first] in the country, despite having low-cost carriers for decades.
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Ramenskoye Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article.php?id=502628|title=The Moscow Times - News, Business, Culture & Multimedia from Russia|work=The Moscow Times|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Ramenskoye Airport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article.php?id=502628|title=The Moscow Times - News, Business, Culture & Multimedia from Russia|work=The Moscow Times|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]] is also urged by airlines to consider such a terminal
* {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]] is also urged by airlines to consider such a terminal
* {{flagicon|JPN}} Chubu (Nagoya) was considering it in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://centreforaviation.com/news/central-japan-international-airport-president-lcct-could-enter-service-in-1h2013-187975|title=Central Japan International Airport president: LCCT could enter service in 1H2013|publisher=|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|JPN}} Chubu (Nagoya) was considering it in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://centreforaviation.com/news/central-japan-international-airport-president-lcct-could-enter-service-in-1h2013-187975|title=Central Japan International Airport president: LCCT could enter service in 1H2013|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Brisbane]] is considering a LCCT under its master plan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/airport-expansion-would-separate-fifo-budget-travellers-20130617-2oe72.html|title=Airport expansion would separate FIFO, budget travellers|work=Brisbane Times|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Brisbane]] is considering a LCCT under its master plan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/airport-expansion-would-separate-fifo-budget-travellers-20130617-2oe72.html|title=Airport expansion would separate FIFO, budget travellers|work=Brisbane Times|accessdate=10 August 2015|date=2013-06-17}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Philippines}} Transportation Secretary of Philippines unveiled a plan for a LCCT at [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|NAIA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/business/07/04/13/govt-plans-build-low-cost-terminal-near-naia-3|title=Gov't plans to build low-cost terminal near NAIA-3|work=ABS-CBN News|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Philippines}} Transportation Secretary of Philippines unveiled a plan for a LCCT at [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|NAIA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/business/07/04/13/govt-plans-build-low-cost-terminal-near-naia-3|title=Gov't plans to build low-cost terminal near NAIA-3|work=ABS-CBN News|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flag|China}} is actively looking into LCCTs as well as [[low cost carriers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.apex.aero/inflight-services-2/china-support-lowcost-carrier-development-ensuring-good-passenger-experience/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-11-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20131126053133/http://blog.apex.aero/inflight-services-2/china-support-lowcost-carrier-development-ensuring-good-passenger-experience/ |archivedate=2013-11-26 |df= }}</ref>
* {{flag|China}} is actively looking into LCCTs as well as [[low cost carriers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.apex.aero/inflight-services-2/china-support-lowcost-carrier-development-ensuring-good-passenger-experience/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-11-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20131126053133/http://blog.apex.aero/inflight-services-2/china-support-lowcost-carrier-development-ensuring-good-passenger-experience/ |archivedate=2013-11-26 |df= }}</ref>
Line 79: Line 79:
==External links==
==External links==
* {{cite news |url= https://www.internationalairportreview.com/article/1676/a-budget-terminal-for-budget-airlines/ |title= A budget terminal for budget airlines |author= Foo Sek Min, [[Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore]] |date= 16 June 2006 |work= International Airport Review }}
* {{cite news |url= https://www.internationalairportreview.com/article/1676/a-budget-terminal-for-budget-airlines/ |title= A budget terminal for budget airlines |author= Foo Sek Min, [[Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore]] |date= 16 June 2006 |work= International Airport Review }}
* {{cite web |url= https://www.aviationreg.ie/_fileupload/Image/PR_AC2_PUB2E_ANNEX5.pdf |title= REVIEW OF DEDICATED LOW-COST AIRPORT PASSENGER FACILITIES |date= 11 May 2007 |author= [[Jacobs Consultancy]]}}
* {{cite web |url= https://www.aviationreg.ie/_fileupload/Image/PR_AC2_PUB2E_ANNEX5.pdf |title= REVIEW OF DEDICATED LOW-COST AIRPORT PASSENGER FACILITIES |date= 11 May 2007 |author= Jacobs Consultancy|author-link= Jacobs Consultancy }}
* {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/budget-buildings-the-rise-of-low-cost-terminals-219613/ |title= Budget buildings: the rise of low-cost terminals |date= 16 Nov 2007 |author= Richard Rowe |work= Flightglobal}}
* {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/budget-buildings-the-rise-of-low-cost-terminals-219613/ |title= Budget buildings: the rise of low-cost terminals |date= 16 Nov 2007 |author= Richard Rowe |work= Flightglobal}}
* {{cite article |url= https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03081060701835688 |title= Low-Cost Airports for Low-Cost Airlines: Flexible Design to Manage the Risks |author= Richard De Neufville, [[MIT]] |date= February 2008 |journal= [[Taylor & Francis|Transportation Planning and Technology]]}}
* {{cite journal |title= Low-Cost Airports for Low-Cost Airlines: Flexible Design to Manage the Risks |author= Richard De Neufville, [[MIT]] |date= February 2008 |journal= [[Taylor & Francis|Transportation Planning And Technology]]|doi= 10.1080/03081060701835688 }}


{{Commercial air travel}}
{{Commercial air travel}}

Revision as of 22:37, 20 July 2019

Low-cost carrier terminal or LCCT a.k.a. budget terminal is a specific type of airport terminal designed with the needs of low-cost airlines in mind. Though terminals may have differing charges and costs, as is common in Europe, the concept of an all-budget terminal was promoted and pioneered by Tony Fernandes of AirAsia at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in 2006.[1]

Description

The former Kuala Lumpur International Airport Low-Cost Carrier Terminal (above) and its interior (below). It was replaced by klia2 on May 2014.

In some cases, the designs of a low-cost carrier terminal mimic old designs of an airport terminal, such as the former airport of Hong Kong, Kai Tak Airport. With a stripped-down airport terminal, airports can reduce daily operating costs significantly, thereby passing along the savings to budget airlines and ultimately their passengers. It specifically entails cost reductions from normal airports in terms of:

  • Physical building:
    • forgoing expensive architectural design for simple boxy warehouse-like design.
    • low ceilings.
    • foregoing steel and glass structures to reduce air conditioning overhead cost.[2]
  • Amenities:
    • may have less choice in terms of restaurants and duty-free shops.
    • decoration may be mostly airline ads.
  • Support structures:

However these terminals may also have modern facilities such as free Wi-Fi, and be comfortably air conditioned. A German study (Swanson 2007) of costs showed that at Malaysia's KLIA and Changi LCCTs, airlines were charged roughly 2/3 to 3/4 the total cost of landing at the main terminal; for budget-sensitive carriers, any savings advantage can be critical.[4]

Klia2 billed as the world's largest purpose-built terminal dedicated to low-cost carriers, is designed to cater for 45 million passengers a year with future capacity expansion capability. Built at a cost of US$1.3 billion, klia2 started commercial operations on May 2, 2014 at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Malaysia.

Realisation of the projects

While the concept of a simple basic terminal in theory would lower costs, in practice, it can be turned into a pork barrel project such as klia2.

When klia2 was first proposed MAHB said it would cost MYR2 billion, a figure that was later revised to MYR2.6 billion. Then came news that the terminal would cost MYR4 billion, double the original estimate. Now there’s talk that the bill could go as high as MYR5 billion. That makes no sense – the low-cost terminal will now cost much more than KLIA. Yes, I asked for a new terminal but one that has simple facilities. Did it have to cost 20 times our present LCCT?

— Tony Fernandes, on klia2.

Budget terminals also have to consider if they only serve budget airlines or all airlines. In this way, a terminal can essentially "lose its budget identity".[1] In the case of Macau airport, "from an airport perspective, having a separate LCCT is frequently more expensive than having one terminal for all carrier types because of the need to duplicate services and systems including check-in, security and immigration." [1] In the case of KLIA2, Malaysia Airports has instructed Airasia in 2016 that the overbudget terminal isn't a LCCT terminal at all.[5]

List of existing/expanding budget terminals

Europe

Asia & Oceania

North & South America

List of proposed budget terminals

References

  1. ^ a b c "Low cost airport terminals still popular in Asia Pacific but declining in significance in Europe". Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  2. ^ Mukherjee, Sharmistha (5 July 2014). "Centre to focus on low-cost airports along tourist circuits". Business Standard India. Retrieved 23 April 2018 – via Business Standard.
  3. ^ http://www.fzt.haw-hamburg.de/pers/Scholz/ALOHA/ALOHA_PUB_DLRK_09-09-08.pdf
  4. ^ http://www.fzt.haw-hamburg.de/pers/Scholz/arbeiten/TextLunTan.pdf
  5. ^ "Malaysia Airports quashes AirAsia's LCCT2 plans - Nation - The Star Online". www.thestar.com.my. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  6. ^ "New low cost terminal inaugurated at Marseille - Aviation24.be". Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  7. ^ "TERMINAL F LAUNCH. A NOTICE FOR PASSENGERS". Boryspil Airport. 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2019-05-12. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. ^ "Soekarno-Hatta Airport Set to Open Indonesia's First Low-Cost Carrier Terminal".
  9. ^ Chris Cooper (5 April 2012). "Tokyo's Narita to Build Low-Cost Carrier Terminal by 2015". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  10. ^ "Airport executives mull new terminal for low-cost flights". Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  11. ^ "Local News". Sun.Star. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  12. ^ "The Moscow Times - News, Business, Culture & Multimedia from Russia". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  13. ^ "Central Japan International Airport president: LCCT could enter service in 1H2013". Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  14. ^ "Airport expansion would separate FIFO, budget travellers". Brisbane Times. 2013-06-17. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  15. ^ "Gov't plans to build low-cost terminal near NAIA-3". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  16. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-11-26. Retrieved 2013-11-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-cost_carrier_terminal&oldid=907159173"