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| accessdate =2008-02-08}}</ref>
| accessdate =2008-02-08}}</ref>
*''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'' (2004) <ref name=quart />
*''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'' (2004) <ref name=quart />
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*''[[Aaytha Ezhuthu]]'' (2004) {{cn|date=July 2013}}
*''[[Happy Endings (film)|Happy Endings]]'' (2005) <ref name=quart />
*''[[Happy Endings (film)|Happy Endings]]'' (2005) <ref name=quart />
*''[[Syriana]]'' (2005) <ref name=ebert-syriana />
*''[[Syriana]]'' (2005) <ref name=ebert-syriana />
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*''[[The Air I Breathe]]'' (2008) <ref>"[http://movies.nytimes.com/2008/01/25/movies/25brea.html?ref=arts The Air I Breathe – Movie – Review – The New York Times]". ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved on May 13, 2008.</ref>
*''[[The Air I Breathe]]'' (2008) <ref>"[http://movies.nytimes.com/2008/01/25/movies/25brea.html?ref=arts The Air I Breathe – Movie – Review – The New York Times]". ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved on May 13, 2008.</ref>
*''[[Gomorra (film)|Gomorrah]]'' (2008) <ref>van Hoeij, Boyd. (19 May 2008). "[http://serv01.siteground181.com/~europe14/content/view/1035/131/ European Films – review: Gomorra (Gomorrah) (Cannes 2008)]". Retrieved on October 30, 2008.</ref>
*''[[Gomorra (film)|Gomorrah]]'' (2008) <ref>van Hoeij, Boyd. (19 May 2008). "[http://serv01.siteground181.com/~europe14/content/view/1035/131/ European Films – review: Gomorra (Gomorrah) (Cannes 2008)]". Retrieved on October 30, 2008.</ref>
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*''[[Vantage Point]]'' (2008) {{cn|date=July 2013}}
*''[[Mammoth (2009 film)|Mammoth]]'' (2009) <ref name=quart />
*''[[Mammoth (2009 film)|Mammoth]]'' (2009) <ref name=quart />
*''[[Mumbai Meri Jaan]]'' (2008) <ref>Gupta, Shubra (23 August 2008). "[http://www.screenindia.com/news/Mumbai-Meri-Jaan--Hindi-/352483/ Mumbai Meri Jaan (Hindi)]". Retrieved on August 8, 2009.</ref>
*''[[Mumbai Meri Jaan]]'' (2008) <ref>Gupta, Shubra (23 August 2008). "[http://www.screenindia.com/news/Mumbai-Meri-Jaan--Hindi-/352483/ Mumbai Meri Jaan (Hindi)]". Retrieved on August 8, 2009.</ref>
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*''[[Hereafter (film)|Hereafter]]'' (2010) <ref>{{cite news| url=http://marshallandthemovies.com/2010/11/04/hereafter/ | work=Marshall and the Movies | title=REVIEW: Hereafter &laquo; Marshall and the Movies}}</ref>
*''[[Hereafter (film)|Hereafter]]'' (2010) <ref>{{cite news| url=http://marshallandthemovies.com/2010/11/04/hereafter/ | work=Marshall and the Movies | title=REVIEW: Hereafter &laquo; Marshall and the Movies}}</ref>
*''[[Kaker blanca]]'' (2010) <ref name=ebert-cape />
*''[[Kaker blanca]]'' (2010) <ref name=ebert-cape />
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*''[[Vedam (film)|Vedam]]'' (2010) {{cn|date=July 2013}}
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*''[[Vaanam]]'' (2011), a remake of [[Vedam (film)|Vedam]] (2010) {{cn|date=July 2013}}
*''[[Traffic_(2011_film)|Traffic]]'' (2011) <ref>Akhilesh. (8 May 2009). "[http://movieraga.indulekha.com/2011/01/08/review-traffic]". Retrieved on January 11, 2011.</ref>
*''[[Traffic_(2011_film)|Traffic]]'' (2011) <ref>Akhilesh. (8 May 2009). "[http://movieraga.indulekha.com/2011/01/08/review-traffic]". Retrieved on January 11, 2011.</ref>
*''[[Bombay March 12]]'' (2011) <ref> http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8593/malayalam/bombay-march-12/3185/review.htm </ref>
*''[[Bombay March 12]]'' (2011) <ref> http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8593/malayalam/bombay-march-12/3185/review.htm </ref>
*''[[Contagion_(film)|Contagion]]'' (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2303397/ |title=Steven Soderbergh's Contagion |last=Wickman |first=Forrest |date=September 9, 2011 |work=Slate.com}}</ref>
*''[[Contagion_(film)|Contagion]]'' (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2303397/ |title=Steven Soderbergh's Contagion |last=Wickman |first=Forrest |date=September 9, 2011 |work=Slate.com}}</ref>
*''[[Cloud Atlas (film)|Cloud Atlas]]'' (2012) <ref>LaSalle, Mick (25 October 2012). "[http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Cloud-Atlas-review-Baring-your-soul-3981566.php 'Cloud Atlas' review: Baring your soul - SFGate]". ''[[SFGate]]''. Retrieved on June 8, 2013.</ref>
*''[[Cloud Atlas (film)|Cloud Atlas]]'' (2012) <ref>LaSalle, Mick (25 October 2012). "[http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Cloud-Atlas-review-Baring-your-soul-3981566.php 'Cloud Atlas' review: Baring your soul - SFGate]". ''[[SFGate]]''. Retrieved on June 8, 2013.</ref>
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*''[[Vedam (film)|Vedam]]'' (2010) {{cn|date=July 2013}}
⚫
*''[[Vaanam]]'' (2011), a remake of [[Vedam (film)|Vedam]] (2010) {{cn|date=July 2013}}
⚫
*''[[Aaytha Ezhuthu]]'' (2004) {{cn|date=July 2013}}
⚫
*''[[Vantage Point]]'' (2008) {{cn|date=July 2013}}


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 17:00, 15 July 2013

Hyperlink cinema is a term coined by author Alissa Quart, who used the term in her review of the film Happy Endings (2005) for the film journal Film Comment in 2005.[1] Film critic Roger Ebert popularized the term when reviewing the film Syriana in 2005.[2] These films are not hypermedia and do not have actual hyperlinks, but are multilinear in a more metaphorical sense.

In describing Happy Endings, Quart considers captions acting as footnotes and split screen as elements of hyperlink cinema and notes the influence of the World Wide Web and multitasking.[1] Playing with time and characters' personal history, plot twists, interwoven storylines between multiple characters, jumping between the beginning and end (flashback and flashforward) are also elements.[1] Ebert further describes hyperlink cinema as films where the characters or action reside in separate stories, but a connection or influence between those disparate stories is slowly revealed to the audience; illustrated in Mexican director Alejandro González Iñárritu's films Amores Perros (2000), 21 Grams (2003), and Babel (2006).[2][3]

Quart suggests that director Robert Altman created the structure for the genre and demonstrated its usefulness for combining interlocking stories in his films Nashville (1975) and Short Cuts (1993).[4] She also mentions the television series 24 and discusses Alan Rudolph’s film Welcome to L.A. (1976) as an early prototype.[1] Crash (2004) is an example of the genre, as are Steven Soderbergh's Traffic (2000), City of God (2002), Syriana (2005), and Nine Lives (2005).[4]

Elements of hyperlink cinema can also be seen in certain earlier films. One example is The Saragossa Manuscript (1965). Another is Kanchenjungha (1962) by Satyajit Ray.[5]

Analysis

The hyperlink cinema narrative and story structure can be compared to social science's spatial analysis. As described by Edward Soja and Costis Hadjimichalis spatial analysis examines the "'horizontal experience' of human life, the spatial dimension of individual behavior and social relations, as opposed to the 'vertical experience' of history, tradition, and biography."[6] English critic John Berger notes for the novel that "it is scarcely any longer possible to tell a straight story sequentially unfolding in time" for "we are too aware of what is continually traversing the story line laterally."[6] An academic analysis of hyperlink cinema appeared in the journal Critical Studies in Media Communication, and referred to the films as Global Network Films. Narine's study examines the films Traffic (2000), Amores Perros (2000), 21 Grams (2003), Beyond Borders (2003), Crash (2004; released 2005), Syriana (2005), Babel (2006) and others, citing network theorist Manuel Castells and philosophers Michel Foucault and Slavoj Zizek. The study suggests that the films are network narratives that map the network society and the new connections citizens experience in the age of globalization. [7]

Hyperlink films

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Quart, Alissa (Jul/Aug 2005). "Networked". Film Comment. 41 (4): 48–5. Retrieved 2007-07-25. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Ebert, Roger (2005-12-09). "Syriana". Reviews. rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
  3. ^ a b c d Ebert, Roger (2007-09-22). "Babel". Reviews. rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  4. ^ a b Ebert, Roger (2006). Roger Ebert's Movie Yearbook 2007. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 100. ISBN 0-7407-6157-9
  5. ^ a b "An Interview with Satyajit Ray". 1982. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
  6. ^ a b Soja, Edward W. & Hadjimichalis, Costis 1979, 'Between Geographical Materialism and Spatial Fetishism: Some Observations on the Development of Marxist Spatial Analysis', Antipode Vol. 17, No. 2-3. pp. 59–67
  7. ^ Narine, Anil 'Global Trauma and the Cinematic Network Society,' "Critical Studies in Media Communication," Volume 27, Issue 3, 2010 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15295030903583556#.UcS3oOt5mfU
  8. ^ Ghatak, Ritwik (2000). Rows and Rows of Fences: Ritwik Ghatak on Cinema. Ritwik Memorial & Trust Seagull Books. pp. ix & 134–36. ISBN 81-7046-178-2.
  9. ^ a b Bütün Filmleriyle Yilmaz Güney by Agah Özguc
  10. ^ Ebert, Roger (2009-01-14). "After Hours". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2009-01-17. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ Ebert, Roger (9 March 2003). "Three Colors Trilogy: Blue, White, Red :: rogerebert.com :: Great Movies". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.
  12. ^ Kipp, Jeremiah (12 August 2008). "Before the Rain | Film Review | Slant Magazine". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.
  13. ^ Exotica Roger Ebert Great Movies
  14. ^ Booker, M. Keith. (2007). In Postmodern Hollywood. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 12–21. ISBN 0-275-99900-9. Google Book Search. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  15. ^ Holden, Stephen (22 January 1999). "Movie Review – Playing By Heart – FILM REVIEW; In a Cocktail of Romance, Different Flavors of Love – NYTimes.com". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.
  16. ^ a b c d Ebert, Roger (2006-01-06). "Cape of Good Hope". Reviews. rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  17. ^ Ebert, Roger (2002-01-18). "Lantana". Reviews. rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  18. ^ "Look Both Ways". Chicago Sun-Times.
  19. ^ Skinner, Marjorie. (4 September 2008). "The Celestial Prophecy :: Living on The Edge of Heaven". Portland Mercury. Retrieved on September 5, 2008.
  20. ^ Gandert, Sean. (18 October 2007). "Paste Magazine  :: Review :: Rendition". Paste. Retrieved on February 8, 2008.
  21. ^ "The Air I Breathe – Movie – Review – The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved on May 13, 2008.
  22. ^ van Hoeij, Boyd. (19 May 2008). "European Films – review: Gomorra (Gomorrah) (Cannes 2008)". Retrieved on October 30, 2008.
  23. ^ Gupta, Shubra (23 August 2008). "Mumbai Meri Jaan (Hindi)". Retrieved on August 8, 2009.
  24. ^ Snider, Eric D. (16 February 2010). "Portland Film Fest Review: Ajami – Cinematical". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.
  25. ^ Anderson, Melissa. (8 May 2009). "Powder Blue Review – Read Variety's Analysis Of The Movie Powder Blue". Retrieved on July 21, 2010.
  26. ^ "REVIEW: Hereafter « Marshall and the Movies". Marshall and the Movies.
  27. ^ Akhilesh. (8 May 2009). "[1]". Retrieved on January 11, 2011.
  28. ^ http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8593/malayalam/bombay-march-12/3185/review.htm
  29. ^ Wickman, Forrest (September 9, 2011). "Steven Soderbergh's Contagion". Slate.com.
  30. ^ LaSalle, Mick (25 October 2012). "'Cloud Atlas' review: Baring your soul - SFGate". SFGate. Retrieved on June 8, 2013.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink_cinema&oldid=564383681"