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Map of Japanese provinces with province highlighted

Musashi Province (武蔵国, Musashi no kuni) was a province of Japan, which today comprises Tokyo Metropolis, most of Saitama Prefecture and part of Kanagawa Prefecture.^[1] It was sometimes called Bushū (武州). The province encompassed Kawasaki and Yokohama. Musashi bordered on Kai, Kōzuke, Sagami, Shimōsa, and Shimotsuke Provinces.

Musashi was the largest province in the Kantō region.

Name

The name Musashi, recorded in early records as 牟射志 muzasi, has been conjectured to be of Ainu origin.^[2] It has no apparent meaning in Japanese, but mun-sar-i or mun-sar-ihi (weed-marsh-POSS)^[3] is a hypothetical Ainu form that would mean "marsh/wetland of (i.e. belonging to) weeds/inedible or otherwise useless plants," and Musashi sits in the middle of the Kanto plain.^[4]

History

Musashi had its ancient capital in modern Fuchu, Tokyo and its provincial temple in what is now Kokubunji, Tokyo. By the Sengoku period, the main city was Edo, which became the dominant city of eastern Japan. Edo Castle was the headquarters of Tokugawa Ieyasu^[5] before the Battle of Sekigahara and became the dominant city of Japan during the Edo period, being renamed Tokyo during the Meiji Restoration.

Hikawa jinja was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of the province; ^[6] and there are many branch shrines.^[7]

The former province gave its name to the battleship of the Second World War Musashi.

Timeline of important events in Musashi

July 18, 707 (Keiun 4, 15th day of the 6th month): Empress Genmei is enthroned at the age of 48.^[8]

707 (Keiun 4): Copper was reported to have been found in Musashi province in the region which includes modern day Tokyo.^[9]
708 (Keiun 5): The era name was about to be changed to mark the accession of Empress Gemmei; but the choice of Wadō as the new nengō for this new reign became a way to mark the welcome discovery of copper in the Chichibu District of what is now Saitama Prefecture.^[9] The Japanese word for copper is dō (銅); and since this was indigenous copper, the "wa" (the ancient Chinese term for Japan) could be combined with the "dō" (copper) to create a new composite term—"wadō"—meaning "Japanese copper".
May 5, 708 (Wadō 1, 11th day of the 4th month): A sample of the newly discovered Musashi copper was presented in Gemmei's Court where it was formally acknowledged as Japanese copper.^[9] The Wadō era is famous for the first Japanese coin (和同開珎, wadokaiho or wadokaichin).
1590 (Tenshō 18): Siege of Odawara. Iwatsuki Domain and Oshi Domain founded in Musashi Province.

Historical districts

Musashi Province had 21 districts, added one after.

Saitama Prefecture
- Chichibu District (秩父郡)
- Hanzawa District (榛沢郡) - merged into Ōsato District (along with Hatara and Obusama Districts) on March 29, 1896
- Hatara District (幡羅郡) - merged into Ōsato District (along with Hanzawa and Obusama Districts) on March 29, 1896
- Hiki District (比企郡) - absorbed Yokomi District on March 29, 1896
- Iruma District (入間郡) - merged into Koma District on March 29, 1896
- Kami District (賀美郡, 加美郡) - merged into Kodama District (along with Naka District) on March 29, 1896
- Kodama District (児玉郡) - absorbed Kami and Naka Districts on March 29, 1896
- Koma District (高麗郡) - merged into Iruma District on March 29, 1896
- Naka District (那珂郡) - merged into Kodama District (along with Kami District) on March 29, 1896
- Niikura District (新座郡, 新倉郡, 新羅郡) - merged into Kitaadachi District on March 29, 1896
- Obusuma District (男衾郡) - merged into Ōsato District (along with Hanzawa and Hatara Districts) on March 29, 1896
- Ōsato District (大里郡) - absorbed Hanzawa, Hatara and Obusama Districts on March 29, 1896
- Saitama District (埼玉郡)
  - Kitasaitama District (埼玉郡) - dissolved
  - Minamisaitama District (埼玉郡)
- Yokomi District (横見郡) - merged into Hiki District on March 29, 1896
Tokyo Prefecture
- Ebara District (荏原郡) - dissolved
- Tama District (多摩郡, 多麻郡, 多磨郡)
  - Higashitama District (東多摩郡) - merged with Minamitoshima District to become Toyotama District (豊多摩郡) on April 1, 1896
  - Kitatama District (北多摩郡) - was part of Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo Prefecture in 1893; now dissolved
  - Minamitama District (南多摩郡) - was part of Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo Prefecture in 1893; now dissolved
  - Nishitama District (西多摩郡) - was part of Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo Prefecture in 1893
- Toshima District (豊嶋郡)
  - Kitatoshima District (北豊島郡) - dissolved
  - Minamitoshima District (南豊島郡) - merged with Higashitama District to become Toyotama District on April 1, 1896
Kanagawa Prefecture
- Kuraki District (久良岐郡) - dissolved
- Tachibana District (橘樹郡) - dissolved
- Tsuzuki District (都筑郡) - dissolved
Mixed
- Adachi District (足立郡)
  - Kitaadachi District (Saitama) (北足立郡) - absorbed Niikura District on March 29, 1896
  - Minamiadachi District (Tokyo) (南足立郡) - merged into the city of Tokyo on October 1, 1932
- Katsushika District (葛飾郡) — Transfer from Shimōsa Province in 1683 (some say 1622–1643) for the river improvement of Naka River.
  - Kitakatsushika District (Saitama) (北葛飾郡) - absorbed Nakakatsushika District (Shimōsa, Saitama) on March 29, 1896
  - Minamikatsushika District (Tokyo) (南葛飾郡) - merged into the city of Tokyo on October 1, 1932

Notes

^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005). "Musashi" in Japan Encyclopedia, pp. 669-671, p. 669, at Google Books.
^ Alexander Vovin (2009) "Strange words in the Man'yoshū and the Fudoki and the distribution of the Ainu language in the Japanese islands in prehistory"
^ There are dialectical words of Ainu origin in the Tohoku region where si corresponds to Hokkaido Ainu hi^{[citation needed]}
^ Vovin, Alexander (2008). "Man'yōshū to Fudoki ni Mirareru Fushigina Kotoba to Jōdai Nihon Retto ni Okeru Ainugo no Bunpu." Kokusai Nihon Bunka Kenkyū Sentā.
^ "Map of Bushū Toshima District, Edo". World Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
^ "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya," p. 3.; retrieved 2011-08-09
^ Nussbaum, "Hikawa-jinja" at p. 311, p. 311, at Google Books.
^ Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 271.
^ ^a ^b ^c Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 63., p. 63, at Google Books

References

Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Kōta Kodama and Kitajima Masamoto. (1966). 物語藩史. 第2期第2卷, 関東の諸藩 (Monogatari hanshi. 2(2), Kantō no shohan). Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha. OCLC 673172166
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.

External links

[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005). "Musashi" in Japan Encyclopedia, pp. 669-671, p. 669, at Google Books.

[2] Alexander Vovin (2009) "Strange words in the Man'yoshū and the Fudoki and the distribution of the Ainu language in the Japanese islands in prehistory"

[3] There are dialectical words of Ainu origin in the Tohoku region where si corresponds to Hokkaido Ainu hi^{[citation needed]}

[4] Vovin, Alexander (2008). "Man'yōshū to Fudoki ni Mirareru Fushigina Kotoba to Jōdai Nihon Retto ni Okeru Ainugo no Bunpu." Kokusai Nihon Bunka Kenkyū Sentā.

[WDL1-5] "Map of Bushū Toshima District, Edo". World Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2013.

[6] "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya," p. 3.; retrieved 2011-08-09

[7] Nussbaum, "Hikawa-jinja" at p. 311, p. 311, at Google Books.

[8] Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 271.

[Titsingh63-9] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 63., p. 63, at Google Books

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{for|other uses|Musashi (disambiguation)}}
 [[Image:Japan prov map musashi.PNG|thumb|right|Map of Japanese provinces with province highlighted]]
-{{nihongo|'''Musashi Province'''|Musashi no kuni}} was a [[Provinces of Japan|province]] of [[Japan]], which today comprises [[Tokyo|Tokyo Metropolis]], most of [[Saitama Prefecture]] and part of [[Kanagawa Prefecture]].<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] (2005). "''Musashi''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', pp. 669-671|page=669}}.</ref> It was sometimes called {{nihongo|'''Bushū'''. The province encompassed [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]] and [[Yokohama]]. Musashi bordered on [[Kai Province|Kai]], [[Kozuke Province|Kōzuke]], [[Sagami Province|Sagami]], [[Shimōsa Province|Shimōsa]], and [[Shimotsuke Province]]s.
+{{nihongo|'''Musashi Province'''|武蔵国|Musashi no kuni}} was a [[Provinces of Japan|province]] of [[Japan]], which today comprises [[Tokyo|Tokyo Metropolis]], most of [[Saitama Prefecture]] and part of [[Kanagawa Prefecture]].<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] (2005). "''Musashi''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', pp. 669-671|page=669}}.</ref> It was sometimes called {{nihongo|'''Bushū'''|武州}}. The province encompassed [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]] and [[Yokohama]]. Musashi bordered on [[Kai Province|Kai]], [[Kozuke Province|Kōzuke]], [[Sagami Province|Sagami]], [[Shimōsa Province|Shimōsa]], and [[Shimotsuke Province]]s.
 Musashi was the largest province in the [[Kantō region]].
 ==Name==
-The name ''Musashi'', recorded in early records as ''muzasi'', has been conjectured to be of [[Ainu languages|Ainu]] origin.<ref>[[Alexander Vovin]] (2009) [http://shikon.nichibun.ac.jp/dspace/handle/123456789/1482 "Strange words in the Man'yoshū and the Fudoki and the distribution of the Ainu language in the Japanese islands in prehistory"]</ref> It has no apparent meaning in Japanese, but ''mun-sar-i'' or ''mun-sar-ihi'' (weed-marsh-[[Possessive suffix|{{sc|poss}}]])<ref>There are dialectical words of Ainu origin in the Tohoku region where ''si'' corresponds to Hokkaido Ainu ''hi''{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}</ref> is a hypothetical Ainu form that would mean "marsh/wetland of (''i.e.'' belonging to) weeds/inedible or otherwise useless plants," and Musashi sits in the middle of the [[Kanto plain]].<ref>Vovin, Alexander (2008). "Man'yōshū to Fudoki ni Mirareru Fushigina Kotoba to Jōdai Nihon Retto ni Okeru Ainugo no Bunpu." ''Kokusai Nihon Bunka Kenkyū Sentā.''</ref>
+The name ''Musashi'', recorded in early records as 牟射志 ''muzasi'', has been conjectured to be of [[Ainu languages|Ainu]] origin.<ref>[[Alexander Vovin]] (2009) [http://shikon.nichibun.ac.jp/dspace/handle/123456789/1482 "Strange words in the Man'yoshū and the Fudoki and the distribution of the Ainu language in the Japanese islands in prehistory"]</ref> It has no apparent meaning in Japanese, but ''mun-sar-i'' or ''mun-sar-ihi'' (weed-marsh-[[Possessive suffix|{{sc|poss}}]])<ref>There are dialectical words of Ainu origin in the Tohoku region where ''si'' corresponds to Hokkaido Ainu ''hi''{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}</ref> is a hypothetical Ainu form that would mean "marsh/wetland of (''i.e.'' belonging to) weeds/inedible or otherwise useless plants," and Musashi sits in the middle of the [[Kanto plain]].<ref>Vovin, Alexander (2008). "Man'yōshū to Fudoki ni Mirareru Fushigina Kotoba to Jōdai Nihon Retto ni Okeru Ainugo no Bunpu." ''Kokusai Nihon Bunka Kenkyū Sentā.''</ref>
 ==History==
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 ===Timeline of important events in Musashi===
-* '''July 18, 707''' (''[[Keiun]] 4, 15th day of the 6th month'') [[Empress Genmei]] is enthroned at the age of 48.<ref>[[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] (1979). [http://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA289&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false  ''Gukanshō,'' p. 271].</ref>
+* '''July 18, 707''' (''[[Keiun]] 4, 15th day of the 6th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 慶雲四年六月十五日 -->: [[Empress Genmei]] is enthroned at the age of 48.<ref>[[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] (1979). [http://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA289&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false  ''Gukanshō,'' p. 271].</ref>
 [[File:Wadoukaichin monument2.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Wadōkaichin]]'' monument in Saitama]]
 * '''707''' (''Keiun 4''): Copper was reported to have been found in Musashi province in the region which includes modern day Tokyo.<ref name="Titsingh63">[[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 63.|page=63}}</ref>
-* '''708''' (''Keiun 5''): The era name was about to be changed to mark the accession of Empress Gemmei; but the choice of ''Wadō'' as the new ''[[nengō]]'' for this new reign became a way to mark the welcome discovery of copper in the [[Chichibu District, Saitama|Chichibu District]] of what is now [[Saitama Prefecture]].<ref name="Titsingh63"/> The Japanese word for copper is ''dō'' ; and since this was indigenous copper, the ''"wa"'' (the ancient Chinese term for Japan) could be combined with the ''"dō"'' (copper) to create a new composite term—''"wadō"''—meaning "Japanese copper".
+* '''708''' (''Keiun 5''): The era name was about to be changed to mark the accession of Empress Gemmei; but the choice of ''Wadō'' as the new ''[[nengō]]'' for this new reign became a way to mark the welcome discovery of copper in the [[Chichibu District, Saitama|Chichibu District]] of what is now [[Saitama Prefecture]].<ref name="Titsingh63"/> The Japanese word for copper is ''dō'' (銅); and since this was indigenous copper, the ''"wa"'' (the ancient Chinese term for Japan) could be combined with the ''"dō"'' (copper) to create a new composite term—''"wadō"''—meaning "Japanese copper".
-* '''May 5, 708''' (''[[Wadō (era)|Wadō]] 1, 11th day of the 4th month''): A sample of the newly discovered Musashi copper was presented in Gemmei's Court where it was formally acknowledged as ''Japanese copper.''<ref name="Titsingh63"/> The Wadō era is famous for the first Japanese coin, ''wadokaiho'' or ''wadokaichin'').
+* '''May 5, 708''' (''[[Wadō (era)|Wadō]] 1, 11th day of the 4th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 和銅一年四月十一日  -->: A sample of the newly discovered Musashi copper was presented in Gemmei's Court where it was formally acknowledged as ''Japanese copper.''<ref name="Titsingh63"/> The Wadō era is famous for the first Japanese coin (和同開珎, ''wadokaiho'' or ''wadokaichin'').
 *'''1590''' (''Tenshō 18''): [[Siege of Odawara (1590)|Siege of Odawara]]. [[Iwatsuki Domain]] and [[Oshi Domain]] founded in Musashi Province.
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 Musashi Province had 21 districts, added one after.
 * [[Saitama Prefecture]]
-** [[Chichibu District, Saitama|Chichibu District]]
+** [[Chichibu District, Saitama|Chichibu District]] (秩父郡)
-** [[Hanzawa District, Saitama|Hanzawa District]]  - merged into Ōsato District (along with Hatara and Obusama Districts) on March 29, 1896
+** [[Hanzawa District, Saitama|Hanzawa District]] (榛沢郡) - merged into Ōsato District (along with Hatara and Obusama Districts) on March 29, 1896
-** [[Hatara District, Saitama|Hatara District]]  - merged into Ōsato District (along with Hanzawa and Obusama Districts) on March 29, 1896
+** [[Hatara District, Saitama|Hatara District]] (幡羅郡) - merged into Ōsato District (along with Hanzawa and Obusama Districts) on March 29, 1896
-** [[Hiki District, Saitama|Hiki District]]  - absorbed Yokomi District on March 29, 1896
+** [[Hiki District, Saitama|Hiki District]] (比企郡) - absorbed Yokomi District on March 29, 1896
-** [[Iruma District, Saitama|Iruma District]] - merged into Koma District on March 29, 1896
+** [[Iruma District, Saitama|Iruma District]] (入間郡) - merged into Koma District on March 29, 1896
-** [[Kami District, Saitama|Kami District]]  - merged into Kodama District (along with Naka District) on March 29, 1896
+** [[Kami District, Saitama|Kami District]] (賀美郡, 加美郡) - merged into Kodama District (along with Naka District) on March 29, 1896
-** [[Kodama District, Saitama|Kodama District]] - absorbed Kami and Naka Districts on March 29, 1896
+** [[Kodama District, Saitama|Kodama District]] (児玉郡) - absorbed Kami and Naka Districts on March 29, 1896
-** [[Koma District, Saitama|Koma District]] - merged into Iruma District on March 29, 1896
+** [[Koma District, Saitama|Koma District]] (高麗郡) - merged into Iruma District on March 29, 1896
-** [[Naka District, Saitama|Naka District]] - merged into Kodama District (along with Kami District) on March 29, 1896
+** [[Naka District, Saitama|Naka District]] (那珂郡) - merged into Kodama District (along with Kami District) on March 29, 1896
-** [[Niikura District, Saitama|Niikura District]]  - merged into Kitaadachi District on March 29, 1896
+** [[Niikura District, Saitama|Niikura District]] (新座郡, 新倉郡, 新羅郡) - merged into Kitaadachi District on March 29, 1896
-** [[Obusuma District, Saitama|Obusuma District]] - merged into Ōsato District (along with Hanzawa and Hatara Districts) on March 29, 1896
+** [[Obusuma District, Saitama|Obusuma District]] (男衾郡) - merged into Ōsato District (along with Hanzawa and Hatara Districts) on March 29, 1896
-** [[Ōsato District, Saitama|Ōsato District]] - absorbed Hanzawa, Hatara and Obusama Districts on March 29, 1896
+** [[Ōsato District, Saitama|Ōsato District]] (大里郡) - absorbed Hanzawa, Hatara and Obusama Districts on March 29, 1896
-** [[Saitama District, Musashi|Saitama District]]
+** [[Saitama District, Musashi|Saitama District]] (埼玉郡)
-*** [[Kitasaitama District, Saitama|Kitasaitama District] - dissolved
+*** [[Kitasaitama District, Saitama|Kitasaitama District]] (埼玉郡) - dissolved
-*** [[Minamisaitama District, Saitama|Minamisaitama District]]
+*** [[Minamisaitama District, Saitama|Minamisaitama District]] (埼玉郡)
-** [[Yokomi District, Saitama|Yokomi District]] - merged into Hiki District on March 29, 1896
+** [[Yokomi District, Saitama|Yokomi District]] (横見郡) - merged into Hiki District on March 29, 1896
 * [[Tokyo|Tokyo Prefecture]]
-** [[Ebara District, Tokyo|Ebara District]] - dissolved
+** [[Ebara District, Tokyo|Ebara District]] (荏原郡) - dissolved
-** [[Tama District, Musashi|Tama District]]
+** [[Tama District, Musashi|Tama District]] (多摩郡, 多麻郡, 多磨郡)
-*** [[Higashitama District, Tokyo|Higashitama District]] - merged with Minamitoshima District to become [[Toyotama District, Tokyo|Toyotama District]]  on April 1, 1896
+*** [[Higashitama District, Tokyo|Higashitama District]] (東多摩郡) - merged with Minamitoshima District to become [[Toyotama District, Tokyo|Toyotama District]] (豊多摩郡) on April 1, 1896
-*** [[Kitatama District, Tokyo|Kitatama District]]  - was part of Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo Prefecture in 1893; now dissolved
+*** [[Kitatama District, Tokyo|Kitatama District]] (北多摩郡) - was part of Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo Prefecture in 1893; now dissolved
-*** [[Minamitama District, Tokyo|Minamitama District]] - was part of Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo Prefecture in 1893; now dissolved
+*** [[Minamitama District, Tokyo|Minamitama District]] (南多摩郡) - was part of Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo Prefecture in 1893; now dissolved
-*** [[Nishitama District, Tokyo|Nishitama District]] - was part of Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo Prefecture in 1893
+*** [[Nishitama District, Tokyo|Nishitama District]] (西多摩郡) - was part of Kanagawa Prefecture in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo Prefecture in 1893
-** [[Toshima District, Musashi|Toshima District]]
+** [[Toshima District, Musashi|Toshima District]] (豊嶋郡)
-*** [[Kitatoshima District, Tokyo|Kitatoshima District] - dissolved
+*** [[Kitatoshima District, Tokyo|Kitatoshima District]] (北豊島郡) - dissolved
-*** [[Minamitoshima District, Tokyo|Minamitoshima District]] - merged with Higashitama District to become Toyotama District on April 1, 1896
+*** [[Minamitoshima District, Tokyo|Minamitoshima District]] (南豊島郡) - merged with Higashitama District to become Toyotama District on April 1, 1896
 * [[Kanagawa Prefecture]]
-** [[Kuraki District, Kanagawa|Kuraki District]] - dissolved
+** [[Kuraki District, Kanagawa|Kuraki District]] (久良岐郡) - dissolved
-** [[Tachibana District, Kanagawa|Tachibana District]] - dissolved
+** [[Tachibana District, Kanagawa|Tachibana District]] (橘樹郡) - dissolved
-** [[Tsuzuki District, Kanagawa|Tsuzuki District]]  - dissolved
+** [[Tsuzuki District, Kanagawa|Tsuzuki District]] (都筑郡) - dissolved
 * Mixed
-** [[Adachi District, Musashi|Adachi District]]
+** [[Adachi District, Musashi|Adachi District]] (足立郡)
-*** [[Kita-Adachi District, Saitama|Kitaadachi District]] (Saitama)  - absorbed Niikura District on March 29, 1896
+*** [[Kita-Adachi District, Saitama|Kitaadachi District]] (Saitama) (北足立郡) - absorbed Niikura District on March 29, 1896
-*** [[Minamiadachi District, Tokyo|Minamiadachi District]] (Tokyo)  - merged into the city of [[Tokyo]] on October 1, 1932
+*** [[Minamiadachi District, Tokyo|Minamiadachi District]] (Tokyo) (南足立郡) - merged into the city of [[Tokyo]] on October 1, 1932
-** [[Katsushika District, Musashi|Katsushika District]]  — Transfer from [[Shimōsa Province]] in 1683 (some say 1622–1643) for the river improvement of [[Naka River (Saitama Tokyo)|Naka River]].
+** [[Katsushika District, Musashi|Katsushika District]] (葛飾郡) — Transfer from [[Shimōsa Province]] in 1683 (some say 1622–1643) for the river improvement of [[Naka River (Saitama Tokyo)|Naka River]].
-*** [[Kita-Katsushika District, Saitama|Kitakatsushika District]] (Saitama)  - absorbed Nakakatsushika District (Shimōsa, Saitama) on March 29, 1896
+*** [[Kita-Katsushika District, Saitama|Kitakatsushika District]] (Saitama) (北葛飾郡) - absorbed Nakakatsushika District (Shimōsa, Saitama) on March 29, 1896
-*** [[Minamikatsushika District, Tokyo|Minamikatsushika District]] (Tokyo)  - merged into the city of Tokyo on October 1, 1932
+*** [[Minamikatsushika District, Tokyo|Minamikatsushika District]] (Tokyo) (南葛飾郡) - merged into the city of Tokyo on October 1, 1932
 ==See also==
@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 ==References==
 * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [http://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&dq=Gukansho&source=gbs_navlinks_s  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/future-and-the-past-a-transl-and-study-of-the-gukansho-an-interpretative-history-of-japan-written-in-1219/oclc/251325323  OCLC 251325323]
-* Kōta Kodama and Kitajima Masamoto. (1966).  (''Monogatari hanshi. 2(2), Kantō no shohan''). Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/monogatari-hanshi-22-kanto-no-shohan/oclc/673172166&referer=brief_results OCLC 673172166]
+* Kōta Kodama and Kitajima Masamoto. (1966). 物語藩史. 第2期第2卷, 関東の諸藩 (''Monogatari hanshi. 2(2), Kantō no shohan''). Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/monogatari-hanshi-22-kanto-no-shohan/oclc/673172166&referer=brief_results OCLC 673172166]
 * [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&client=firefox-a  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
 * [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''] (''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]'').  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/nipon-o-dai-itsi-ran-ou-annales-des-empereurs-du-japon/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691].

v t e Former provinces of Japan (List)
Kinai	Izumi Kawachi Settsu Yamashiro Yamato Yoshino 716–738
Tōkaidō	Awa Hitachi Iga Ise Izu Kai Kazusa Mikawa Musashi Owari Sagami Shima Shimōsa Suruga Tōtōmi
Tōsandō	Dewa -1869 Hida Iwaki 718–724 Iwaki 1869– Iwase 718–724 Iwashiro 1869– Kōzuke Mino Ōmi Mutsu –1869 Rikuō (or Mutsu) 1869– Rikuchū 1869– Rikuzen 1869– Shimotsuke Shinano Suwa 721–731 Ugo 1869– Uzen 1869–
Hokurikudō	Echigo Echizen Etchū Kaga Noto Sado Wakasa
San'indō	Hōki Inaba Izumo Iwami Oki Tajima Tanba Tango
San'yōdō	Aki Bingo Bitchū Bizen Harima Mimasaka Nagato Suō
Nankaidō	Awa Awaji Iyo Kii Sanuki Tosa
Saikaidō	Bungo Buzen Chikugo Chikuzen Higo Hizen Hyūga Iki Ōsumi Satsuma Tane 702–824 Tsushima
Hokkaidō 1869–	Chishima Hidaka Iburi Ishikari Kitami Kushiro Nemuro Oshima Shiribeshi Teshio Tokachi
Pre-Taihō Code provinces	Chichibu Fusa Hi Keno Kibi Koshi Kumaso Toyo Tsukushi
Source: Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Provinces and prefectures" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 780, p. 780, at Google Books; excerpt, "Japan's former provinces were converted into prefectures by the Meiji government ... [and] grouped, according to geographic position, into the 'five provinces of the Kinai' and 'seven circuits'."

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Japan