(Go: >> BACK << -|- >> HOME <<)
Jump to content

Musashi Province: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m "Nipon o dai itsi ran" (1652) translated into French by Isaac Titsingh and published posthumously in 1834 says that silver was discovered in Musashi in 708
m Fix spelling mistake in Empress Genmei's name
 
(142 intermediate revisions by 77 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Former province of Japan}}
[[Image:Japan_prov_map_musashi.PNG|right|Map of Japanese provinces with province highlighted]]
[[File:Provinces of Japan-Musashi.svg|thumb|right|Map of Japanese provinces with province highlighted]]
{{nihongo|'''Musashi Province'''|武蔵国|Musashi-no-kuni}} was a [[Provinces of Japan|province]] of [[Japan]], which today comprises [[Tokyo|Tokyo Metropolis]], most of [[Saitama Prefecture]] and part of [[Kanagawa Prefecture]].<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] (2005). "''Musashi''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', pp. 669–671|page=669}}.</ref> It was sometimes called {{nihongo|'''Bushū'''|武州}}. The province encompassed [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]] and [[Yokohama]]. Musashi bordered on [[Kai Province|Kai]], [[Kōzuke Province|Kōzuke]], [[Sagami Province|Sagami]], [[Shimōsa Province|Shimōsa]], and [[Shimotsuke Province]]s.


Musashi was the largest province in the [[Kantō region]].
'''Musashi''' (武蔵国; -no kuni) was a [[Provinces of Japan|province]] of [[Japan]], which today comprises [[Tokyo|Tokyo prefecture]], most of [[Saitama Prefecture]] and part of [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], mainly [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]] and [[Yokohama]]. Musashi bordered on [[Kai Province|Kai]], [[Kozuke Province|Kōzuke]], [[Sagami Province|Sagami]], [[Shimo-Usa Province|Shimousa]], and [[Shimotsuke Province]]s.


==History==
Musashi was the largest province in the [[Kantō region]]. It had its ancient capital in modern [[Fuchu, Tokyo]] and its provincial temple in what is now [[Kokubunji, Tokyo]]. By the [[Sengoku]] period, the main city was [[Edo|Yedo]], which became the dominant city of eastern Japan. [[Edo Castle]] was the headquarters of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] before the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] and became the dominant city of Japan during the [[Edo period]], being renamed Tokyo during the [[Meiji Restoration]].
Musashi had its ancient capital in modern [[Fuchū, Tokyo]], and its provincial temple in what is now [[Kokubunji, Tokyo]]. By the [[Sengoku period]], the main city was [[Edo]], which became the dominant city of eastern Japan. [[Edo Castle]] was the headquarters of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=Map of Bushū Toshima District, Edo|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9931|publisher=[[World Digital Library]]|access-date=6 May 2013}}</ref> before the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] and became the dominant city of Japan during the [[Edo period]], being renamed [[Tokyo Prefecture|Tokyo]] during the [[Meiji Restoration]].


[[Hikawa Shrine (Saitama)|''Hikawa-jinja'']] was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (''[[ichinomiya]]'') of the province;
It gave its name to the battleship of the Second World War ''[[Japanese battleship Musashi|Musashi]]''.
<ref>[http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/images/uploads/EOS070712Ab.pdf "Nationwide List of ''Ichinomiya''," p. 3.]; retrieved 2011-08-09</ref> and there are many branch shrines.<ref>Nussbaum, "Hikawa-jinja" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 311|page=311}}.</ref>


The former province gave its name to the battleship {{ship|Japanese battleship|Musashi||2}} of the [[World War II|Second World War]].
See also [[Miyamoto Musashi]].


===Timeline of important events===
==Historical record==
* '''534''' (''[[Ankan]] 1, 12th month''): The Yamato court sends a military force to appoint Omi as the governor of Musashi Province, his rival, Wogi was executed by the court. Omi presented four districts of Musashi Province to the court as royal estates.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hall |first1=John |last2=Jansen |first2=Marius |last3=Kanai |first3=Madoka |last4=Twitchett |first4=Denis |title=The Cambridge History of Japan |volume=1: Ancient Japan |edition=1st|title-link=The Cambridge History of Japan }}</ref>
==Change of Era==
* '''July 18, 707''' (''[[Keiun]] 4, 15th day of the 6th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 慶雲四年六月十五日 -->: [[Empress Genmei]] is enthroned at the age of 48.<ref>[[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA289 ''Gukanshō,'' p. 271].</ref>
* '''''Wadō gannen''''' (和銅元年) or '''''Wadō 1''''' ([[708]]): The new era name ''Wadō'' (meaning "Japanese silver") was created because some kind of precious metal was discovered in Musashi province. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in the spring of ''Keiun'' 5.<ref>This explanation comes from the 1834 French translation of an 1652 chronicle written originally in Japanese and Chinese, ''Nipon o daï itsi ran'' at p. 63:
[[File:Wadoukaichin monument2.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Wadōkaichin]]'' monument in Saitama]]
: The Dutch translater wrote: "Au printemps de l'année (708), on offrit à cette princesse du cuivre de la province de ''Mousasi''; c'était le premier qu'on avait trouveé dans l'empire. Pour cette raison, Ghen mio [Gemmei-tennō] donna aux années de son règne le titre honorifique de ''Wadō'' ("Ho thoung"), qui veut dire ''cuivre japonais''." ["In the spring of 708, the empress was offered a sample of silver from the province of Musashi. This was the first time that silver had been found in the country. For that reason, Empress Gemmei gave the honorific name of ''Wadō'' to the early years of her reign. Wadō is how one says ''Japanese silver'' in Japanese."]
* '''707''' (''Keiun 4''): Copper was reported to have been found in Musashi province in the region which includes modern day Tokyo.<ref name="Titsingh63">[[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 63.|page=63}}</ref>
: The German editor Klaproth noted at p. 63: "On lit dans le ''Sio Nipon ki'': 'Le 11e jour de la 4e lune de la 1re années ''Wadō'', le Daïiri ''Ghen mio ten o'' reçut du cuivre du district de ''Tsitsi bou-no kori'' ("Thsieou fou kiun"), dans la province de Mousasi, d'où le nengō prit le nom de Wadō, qui veut dire ''cuivre japonais''.'" ["One can read in the ''Sio Nipon ki'': 'On the 11th day of the 4th month of ''Wadō gannen'' or ''Wadō 1'', Empress Gemmei received some silver from the district of ''"Tsitsi bou-no kori"'' ("Thsieou fou kiun") in the province of Musashi, from whence the ''nengō'' took the name of ''Wadō'', which how one says ''"Japanese silver"'' in Japanese."]
* '''708''' (''Keiun 5''): The era name was about to be changed to mark the accession of Empress Genmei; but the choice of ''Wadō'' as the new ''[[Japanese era name|nengō]]'' for this new reign became a way to mark the welcome discovery of copper in the [[Chichibu District, Saitama|Chichibu District]] of what is now [[Saitama Prefecture]].<ref name="Titsingh63"/> The Japanese word for copper is ''dō'' (銅); and since this was indigenous copper, the ''"wa"'' (the ancient Chinese term for Japan) could be combined with the ''"dō"'' (copper) to create a new composite term—''"wadō"''—meaning "Japanese copper".
* '''May 5, 708''' (''[[Wadō (era)|Wadō]] 1, 11th day of the 4th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 和銅一年四月十一日 -->: A sample of the newly discovered Musashi copper was presented in Genmei's Court where it was formally acknowledged as ''Japanese copper.''<ref name="Titsingh63"/> The Wadō era is famous for the first Japanese coin (和同開珎, ''wadokaiho'' or ''wadokaichin'').
*'''1590''' (''Tenshō 18''): [[Siege of Odawara (1590)|Siege of Odawara]]. [[Iwatsuki Domain]] and [[Oshi Domain]] founded in Musashi Province.


== Historical districts ==
Another account suggests tht it was copper that was discovered in Musashi (the region that includes modern day Tokyo), not silver. The Japanese word for copper is dō (銅), and since it was indigenous copper, it could have been combined with "wa", which was the ancient term for Japan. Alternately, the "wa" could have been a plausible reference to the copper which was discovered as being relatively pure (without needing much refining.</ref>
Musashi Province had 21 districts and then added one later.
* '''''Wadō gannen''''' or '''''Wadō 1''''', on the 11th day of the 4th month ([[708]]): A sample of the precious metal discovered in Musashi was presented in Gemmei's Court as ''Japanese silver.''<ref>Titsingh, p. 63.</ref>
* [[Saitama Prefecture]]
** [[Chichibu District, Saitama|Chichibu District]] (秩父郡)
** [[Hanzawa District, Saitama|Hanzawa District]] (榛沢郡) &ndash; merged into Ōsato District (along with Hatara and Obusama Districts) on March 29, 1896
** [[Hatara District, Saitama|Hatara District]] (幡羅郡) &ndash; merged into Ōsato District (along with Hanzawa and Obusama Districts) on March 29, 1896
** [[Hiki District, Saitama|Hiki District]] (比企郡) &ndash; absorbed Yokomi District on March 29, 1896
** [[Iruma District, Saitama|Iruma District]] (入間郡) &ndash; merged into Koma District on March 29, 1896
** [[Kami District, Saitama|Kami District]] (賀美郡, 加美郡) &ndash; merged into Kodama District (along with Naka District) on March 29, 1896
** [[Kodama District, Saitama|Kodama District]] (児玉郡) &ndash; absorbed Kami and Naka Districts on March 29, 1896
** [[Koma District, Saitama|Koma District]] (高麗郡) &ndash; merged into Iruma District on March 29, 1896
** [[Naka District, Saitama|Naka District]] (那珂郡) &ndash; merged into Kodama District (along with Kami District) on March 29, 1896
** [[Niikura District, Saitama|Niikura District]] (新座郡, 新倉郡, 新羅郡) &ndash; merged into Kitaadachi District on March 29, 1896
** [[Obusuma District, Saitama|Obusuma District]] (男衾郡) &ndash; merged into Ōsato District (along with Hanzawa and Hatara Districts) on March 29, 1896
** [[Ōsato District, Saitama|Ōsato District]] (大里郡) &ndash; absorbed Hanzawa, Hatara and Obusama Districts on March 29, 1896
** [[Saitama District, Musashi|Saitama District]] (埼玉郡)
*** [[Kitasaitama District, Saitama|Kitasaitama District]] (埼玉郡) &ndash; dissolved
*** [[Minamisaitama District, Saitama|Minamisaitama District]] (埼玉郡)
** [[Yokomi District, Saitama|Yokomi District]] (横見郡) &ndash; merged into Hiki District on March 29, 1896
* [[Tokyo Metropolis|Tokyo ("Metropolis"/''-to'')]]=until 1943 [[Tokyo Prefecture|Tokyo (Prefecture/''-fu'')]]
** [[Ebara District, Tokyo|Ebara District]] (荏原郡) &ndash; merged into [[Tokyo City|Tokyo (City/''-shi'')]] in 1932
** [[Toshima District, Musashi|Toshima District]] (豊嶋郡)
*** [[Kitatoshima District, Tokyo|Kitatoshima District]] (北豊島郡) &ndash; merged into Tokyo City in 1932
*** [[Minamitoshima District, Tokyo|Minamitoshima District]] (南豊島郡) &ndash; merged with Higashitama District to become Toyotama District on April 1, 1896, merged into Tokyo City in 1932
* [[Kanagawa Prefecture]]
** [[Kuraki District, Kanagawa|Kuraki District]] (久良岐郡) &ndash; dissolved
** [[Tachibana District, Kanagawa|Tachibana District]] (橘樹郡) &ndash; dissolved
** [[Tsuzuki District, Kanagawa|Tsuzuki District]] (都筑郡) &ndash; dissolved
* Mixed
** [[Adachi District, Musashi|Adachi District]] (足立郡)
*** [[Kita-Adachi District, Saitama|Kitaadachi District]] (Saitama) (北足立郡) &ndash; absorbed Niikura District on March 29, 1896
*** [[Minamiadachi District, Tokyo|Minamiadachi District]] (Tokyo) (南足立郡) &ndash; merged into [[Tokyo City]] on October 1, 1932
** [[Katsushika District, Musashi|Katsushika District]] (葛飾郡) &ndash; Transfer from [[Shimōsa Province]] in 1683 (some say 1622–1643) for the river improvement of [[Naka River (Saitama Tokyo)|Naka River]].
*** [[Kita-Katsushika District, Saitama|Kitakatsushika District]] (Saitama) (北葛飾郡) &ndash; absorbed Nakakatsushika District (Shimōsa, Saitama) on March 29, 1896
*** [[Minamikatsushika District, Tokyo|Minamikatsushika District]] (Tokyo) (南葛飾郡) &ndash; merged into the Tokyo City on October 1, 1932
** [[Tama District, Musashi|Tama District]] (多摩郡, 多麻郡, 多磨郡)
*** [[Higashitama District, Tokyo|Higashitama District]] (東多摩郡, ''Higashi-Tama-gun'', "East Tama District") &ndash; part of Tokyo since its creation, merged with Minamitoshima District to become [[Toyotama District, Tokyo|Toyotama District]] (豊多摩郡) on April 1, 1896, in turn merged into Tokyo City in 1932
*** [[Kitatama District, Tokyo|Kitatama District]] (北多摩郡, ''Kita-Tama-gun'', "North Tama District") &ndash; was part of Kanagawa in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo in 1893; North Tama's last [[Towns of Japan|towns]] became [by definition: district-independent] [[Cities of Japan|cities]] in 1970
*** [[Minamitama District, Tokyo|Minamitama District]] (南多摩郡, ''Minami-Tama-gun'', "South Tama District") &ndash; was part of Kanagawa in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo in 1893; South Tama's last towns were turned into cities in 1971
*** [[Nishitama District, Tokyo|Nishitama District]] (西多摩郡, ''Nishi-Tama-gun'', "West Tama District") &ndash; was part of Kanagawa in 1878 until being transferred to Tokyo in 1893


==References==
==See also==
* [[Chichibu Province]]
===Notes===
* [[Miyamoto Musashi]]
{{reflsit}}
* [[Musashino, Tokyo|City of Musashino]]
* [[Musashino Terrace]]
* [[Musashi Kokufu]]


==Notes==
===Further reading===
{{Reflist}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh |Titsingh]], Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo, 1652]. ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth.'' Paris.[http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran --''Two digitized examples of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006.'' Click here to read the original text in French.]

==References==
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past''.] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323 OCLC 251325323]
* Kōta Kodama and Kitajima Masamoto. (1966). 物語藩史. 第2期第2卷, 関東の諸藩 (''Monogatari hanshi. 2(2), Kantō no shohan''). Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/673172166 OCLC 673172166]
* [[Louis Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC ''Japan encyclopedia''.] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''] (''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691].


== External links ==
{{Commons category|Musashi Province}}
* [http://www.maproom.org/00/05/sub1/1.html Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903]
* [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9932 Reproduction of Chōroku-Period Map of Edo, with Later Additions] from 1804


{{Japan Old Province}}
{{Japan Old Province}}
{{Tokyo-geo-stub}}
{{Saitama-geo-stub}}
{{openhistory}}


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Old provinces of Japan]]


[[de:Provinz Musashi]]
[[Category:Musashi Province| ]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in Japan]]
[[fr:Province de Musashi]]
[[Category:1870s disestablishments in Japan]]
[[ko:무사시노쿠니]]
[[Category:Former provinces of Japan]]
[[id:Provinsi Musashi]]
[[Category:History of Kanagawa Prefecture]]
[[it:Musashi (provincia)]]
[[Category:History of Saitama Prefecture]]
[[ja:武蔵国]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 7th century]]
[[uk:Провінція Мусасі]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 1870s]]
[[zh:武藏國]]

Latest revision as of 11:29, 19 May 2024

Map of Japanese provinces with province highlighted

Musashi Province (武蔵国, Musashi-no-kuni) was a province of Japan, which today comprises Tokyo Metropolis, most of Saitama Prefecture and part of Kanagawa Prefecture.[1] It was sometimes called Bushū (武州). The province encompassed Kawasaki and Yokohama. Musashi bordered on Kai, Kōzuke, Sagami, Shimōsa, and Shimotsuke Provinces.

Musashi was the largest province in the Kantō region.

History[edit]

Musashi had its ancient capital in modern Fuchū, Tokyo, and its provincial temple in what is now Kokubunji, Tokyo. By the Sengoku period, the main city was Edo, which became the dominant city of eastern Japan. Edo Castle was the headquarters of Tokugawa Ieyasu[2] before the Battle of Sekigahara and became the dominant city of Japan during the Edo period, being renamed Tokyo during the Meiji Restoration.

Hikawa-jinja was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of the province; [3] and there are many branch shrines.[4]

The former province gave its name to the battleship Musashi of the Second World War.

Timeline of important events[edit]

  • 534 (Ankan 1, 12th month): The Yamato court sends a military force to appoint Omi as the governor of Musashi Province, his rival, Wogi was executed by the court. Omi presented four districts of Musashi Province to the court as royal estates.[5]
  • July 18, 707 (Keiun 4, 15th day of the 6th month): Empress Genmei is enthroned at the age of 48.[6]
Wadōkaichin monument in Saitama
  • 707 (Keiun 4): Copper was reported to have been found in Musashi province in the region which includes modern day Tokyo.[7]
  • 708 (Keiun 5): The era name was about to be changed to mark the accession of Empress Genmei; but the choice of Wadō as the new nengō for this new reign became a way to mark the welcome discovery of copper in the Chichibu District of what is now Saitama Prefecture.[7] The Japanese word for copper is dō (銅); and since this was indigenous copper, the "wa" (the ancient Chinese term for Japan) could be combined with the "dō" (copper) to create a new composite term—"wadō"—meaning "Japanese copper".
  • May 5, 708 (Wadō 1, 11th day of the 4th month): A sample of the newly discovered Musashi copper was presented in Genmei's Court where it was formally acknowledged as Japanese copper.[7] The Wadō era is famous for the first Japanese coin (和同開珎, wadokaiho or wadokaichin).
  • 1590 (Tenshō 18): Siege of Odawara. Iwatsuki Domain and Oshi Domain founded in Musashi Province.

Historical districts[edit]

Musashi Province had 21 districts and then added one later.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005). "Musashi" in Japan Encyclopedia, pp. 669–671, p. 669, at Google Books.
  2. ^ "Map of Bushū Toshima District, Edo". World Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  3. ^ "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya," p. 3.; retrieved 2011-08-09
  4. ^ Nussbaum, "Hikawa-jinja" at p. 311, p. 311, at Google Books.
  5. ^ Hall, John; Jansen, Marius; Kanai, Madoka; Twitchett, Denis. The Cambridge History of Japan. Vol. 1: Ancient Japan (1st ed.).
  6. ^ Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 271.
  7. ^ a b c Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 63., p. 63, at Google Books

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Musashi Province.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musashi_Province&oldid=1224611694"