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== Events ==
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>

=== January–March ===
=== January–March ===
* [[January 8]] – In [[Berlin]], [[Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg|Joachim Frederich]] of the [[House of Hohenzollern]] becomes the new [[List of rulers of Brandenburg|Elector of Brandenburg]] upon the death of his father, [[John George, Elector of Brandenburg|Johann Georg von Brandenburg]].
* [[January 8]] – In [[Berlin]], [[Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg|Joachim Frederich]] of the [[House of Hohenzollern]] becomes the new [[List of rulers of Brandenburg|Elector of Brandenburg]] upon the death of his father, [[John George, Elector of Brandenburg|Johann Georg von Brandenburg]].
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* [[January 30]] – In Italy [[Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena|Cesare d'Este]] moves the capital of the [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio]] to the city of [[Modena]], after the [[Duchy of Ferrara]] is declared by [[Pope Clement VII]] to be at an end.
* [[January 30]] – In Italy [[Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena|Cesare d'Este]] moves the capital of the [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio]] to the city of [[Modena]], after the [[Duchy of Ferrara]] is declared by [[Pope Clement VII]] to be at an end.
* [[February 21]] – [[Boris Godunov]] is elected as the Tsar of Russia by unanimous vote of the parliament of nobles, the [[Zemsky Sobor]].
* [[February 21]] – [[Boris Godunov]] is elected as the Tsar of Russia by unanimous vote of the parliament of nobles, the [[Zemsky Sobor]].
* [[March 19]] - Count [[Adolf von Schwarzenberg]] of Austria captures the Turkish fortress at [[Győr]], four years after Turkish forces had taken it over. <ref>Peter F. Sugar,et al., ''A History of Hungary'', ed. by Peter F. Sugar (Indiana University Press, 1990) p. 97</ref>
* [[March 19]] – Count [[Adolf von Schwarzenberg]] of Austria captures the Turkish fortress at [[Győr]], four years after Turkish forces had taken it over. <ref>Peter F. Sugar,et al., ''A History of Hungary'', ed. by Peter F. Sugar (Indiana University Press, 1990) p. 97</ref>
* [[March 20]] - The [[Duchy of Brittany]] in France is conquered by [[Henry IV of France|King Henry IV]], who forces the surrender of Philippe Louis de Lorraine-Mercœur, Duke of Brittany. Merceur is then exiled to Hungary.
* [[March 20]] – The [[Duchy of Brittany]] in France is conquered by [[Henry IV of France|King Henry IV]], who forces the surrender of Philippe Louis de Lorraine-Mercœur, Duke of Brittany. Merceur is then exiled to Hungary.
* [[March 23]] - The abdication of [[Sigismund Báthory]] as [[Prince of Transylvania]] (now part of Romania) is accepted by the Transylvanian nobles. Sigismund's cousin, [[Andrew Báthory]], is then elected as the new Prince.
* [[March 23]] – The abdication of [[Sigismund Báthory]] as [[Prince of Transylvania]] (now part of Romania) is accepted by the Transylvanian nobles. Sigismund's cousin, [[Andrew Báthory]], is then elected as the new Prince.


=== April–June ===
=== April–June ===
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* [[May 2]] – The [[Peace of Vervins]], mediated by Cardinal Alessandro de Medici, ends the war between France and Spain.
* [[May 2]] – The [[Peace of Vervins]], mediated by Cardinal Alessandro de Medici, ends the war between France and Spain.
* [[May 6]] – King [[Philip II of Spain]] announces that his eldest daughter, [[Isabella Clara Eugenia]], will marry [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert of Austria]] (at the time a Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo), and that the two will jointly govern the [[Habsburg Netherlands]] (now Belgium).
* [[May 6]] – King [[Philip II of Spain]] announces that his eldest daughter, [[Isabella Clara Eugenia]], will marry [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert of Austria]] (at the time a Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo), and that the two will jointly govern the [[Habsburg Netherlands]] (now Belgium).
* [[May 13]] ([[Keichō]] 3, 8th day of the 4th month) — The [[Mount Asama]] volcano on the Japanese island of [[Honshū]] erupts.
* [[May 13]] ([[Keichō]] 3, 8th day of the 4th month) – The [[Mount Asama]] volcano on the Japanese island of [[Honshū]] erupts.
* [[May]] – [[Tycho Brahe]]'s [[star catalogue]] ''[http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/libraries/Libraries.php?launch=1&language=en&page=Treasures&country=Denmark Astronomiæ instauratæ mechanica]'', listing the positions of 1,004 stars, is published.
* [[May]] – [[Tycho Brahe]]'s [[star catalogue]] ''[http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/libraries/Libraries.php?launch=1&language=en&page=Treasures&country=Denmark Astronomiæ instauratæ mechanica]'', listing the positions of 1,004 stars, is published.
* [[June 9]] – The Principality of Wallachia becomes a vassal state of the Austrian Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire, after [[Michael the Brave]] (Mihai Pătrașcu, with a regnal name of Michael II) signs an agreement at [[Prague]] with [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor]] to receive protection from the Ottoman Empire. <ref>Constantin C. Giurescu, ''Istoria Românilor'' (Editura Al.) p. 191</ref>
* [[June 9]] – The Principality of Wallachia becomes a vassal state of the Austrian Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire, after [[Michael the Brave]] (Mihai Pătrașcu, with a regnal name of Michael II) signs an agreement at [[Prague]] with [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor]] to receive protection from the Ottoman Empire. <ref>Constantin C. Giurescu, ''Istoria Românilor'' (Editura Al.) p. 191</ref>
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* [[July 10]] – John Barrose, a Burgundian fencer who has challenged all comers and killed several, is hanged for murder. Barrose's story is dramatized by playwright [[Ben Jonson]] in ''[[Every Man in His Humour]]''.
* [[July 10]] – John Barrose, a Burgundian fencer who has challenged all comers and killed several, is hanged for murder. Barrose's story is dramatized by playwright [[Ben Jonson]] in ''[[Every Man in His Humour]]''.
* [[July 12]] – After fording the Rio Grande near what are now the Mexican city of Juarez and the U.S. city of El Paso, [[Juan de Oñate]] proclaims the founding of the colony of [[Santa Fe de Nuevo Méjico]] (Santa Fe of New Mexico), with himself as the first Viceroy. Oñate establishes the first capital of the New Mexico viceroyalty at a new village, [[Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico|San Juan de los Caballeros]], near the [[Pueblo people|Pueblo Indian]] city of Ohkay Owingeh, now located in [[Rio Arriba County, New Mexico]].
* [[July 12]] – After fording the Rio Grande near what are now the Mexican city of Juarez and the U.S. city of El Paso, [[Juan de Oñate]] proclaims the founding of the colony of [[Santa Fe de Nuevo Méjico]] (Santa Fe of New Mexico), with himself as the first Viceroy. Oñate establishes the first capital of the New Mexico viceroyalty at a new village, [[Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico|San Juan de los Caballeros]], near the [[Pueblo people|Pueblo Indian]] city of Ohkay Owingeh, now located in [[Rio Arriba County, New Mexico]].
* [[July 13]] – A marriage contract is signed as part of the treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye between [[Henry IV of France|King Henry IV]] of France and [[Charles III, Duke of Lorraine]], providing for King Henry's niece, [[Catherine of Bourbon]], to marry Duke Charles's son, [[Henry II, Duke of Lorraine|Henry of Lorraine]]. <ref name=Roelker> Nancy Lyman Roelker, ''Queen of Navarre: Jeanne d'Albret, 1528-1572'' (Harvard University Press, 1968) p. xiv</ref>
* [[July 13]] – A marriage contract is signed as part of the treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye between [[Henry IV of France|King Henry IV]] of France and [[Charles III, Duke of Lorraine]], providing for King Henry's niece, [[Catherine of Bourbon]], to marry Duke Charles's son, [[Henry II, Duke of Lorraine|Henry of Lorraine]]. <ref name=Roelker> [[Nancy Lyman Roelker]], ''Queen of Navarre: Jeanne d'Albret, 1528-1572'' (Harvard University Press, 1968) p. xiv</ref>
* [[July 22]] – [[William Shakespeare]] registers the rights to his new play, ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'', in the Register of the Stationers Company, under the title ''The Marchaunt of Venyce or otherwise called The Jewe of Venyce''. <ref>[https://shakespearedocumented.folger.edu/resource/document/stationers-register-entry-merchant-venice "Stationers' Register entry for The Merchant of Venice"], ''Shakespeare Documented'' (Folger Shakespeare Library)</ref>
* [[July 22]] – [[William Shakespeare]] registers the rights to his new play, ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'', in the Register of the Stationers Company, under the title ''The Marchaunt of Venyce or otherwise called The Jewe of Venyce''. <ref>[https://shakespearedocumented.folger.edu/resource/document/stationers-register-entry-merchant-venice "Stationers' Register entry for The Merchant of Venice"], ''Shakespeare Documented'' (Folger Shakespeare Library)</ref>
* [[July 23]] – [[Sigismund III Vasa]], King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, departs from [[Gdansk]] with 80 transports, several warships and exiled members of the Swedish parliament to invade Sweden. The troops land at [[Kalmar]] on July 31, and secure its surrender. <ref>Gary Dean Peterson, ''Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries'' (McFarland, 2014) p.105</ref>
* [[July 23]] – [[Sigismund III Vasa]], King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, departs from [[Gdansk]] with 80 transports, several warships and exiled members of the Swedish parliament to invade Sweden. The troops land at [[Kalmar]] on July 31, and secure its surrender. <ref>Gary Dean Peterson, ''Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries'' (McFarland, 2014) p.105</ref>
* [[July]] – Philosopher [[Tommaso Campanella]] moves from Naples to [[Calabria]], where he will be involved in a revolt against the rule of the Spanish [[viceroy]] the following year.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tommaso Campanella|title=Selected Philosophical Poems of Tommaso Campanella: A Bilingual Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gg7nHUNGeoC&pg=PA6|date=30 March 2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-09205-8|pages=6}}</ref>
* [[July]] – Philosopher [[Tommaso Campanella]] moves from Naples to [[Calabria]], where he will be involved in a revolt against the rule of the Spanish [[viceroy]] the following year.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tommaso Campanella|title=Selected Philosophical Poems of Tommaso Campanella: A Bilingual Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gg7nHUNGeoC&pg=PA6|date=30 March 2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-09205-8|pages=6}}</ref>
* [[August 14]] – [[Battle of the Yellow Ford]] in Ireland: [[Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone]], gains victory over an English expeditionary force under [[Henry Bagenal]], in the [[Nine Years' War (Ireland)|Nine Years' War]] against English rule.
* [[August 14]] – [[Battle of the Yellow Ford]] in Ireland: [[Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone]], gains victory over an English expeditionary force under [[Henry Bagenal]], in the [[Nine Years' War (Ireland)|Nine Years' War]] against English rule.
* [[August 16]] ([[Keichō]] 3, 15th day of the 7th month) — The Council of Five Elders, to serve in Japan as regents after the death of General Hideyoshi, is gathered at Fushimi on orders of Hideyoshi, and the members vow their allegiance to Hideyoshi's son, Hideyori. <ref name=Berry> Mary Elizabeth Berry, ''Hideyoshi'' (Harvard University Press, 1982) pp. 139, 235</ref>
* [[August 16]] ([[Keichō]] 3, 15th day of the 7th month) – The Council of Five Elders, to serve in Japan as regents after the death of General Hideyoshi, is gathered at Fushimi on orders of Hideyoshi, and the members vow their allegiance to Hideyoshi's son, Hideyori. <ref name=Berry> Mary Elizabeth Berry, ''Hideyoshi'' (Harvard University Press, 1982) pp. 139, 235</ref>
* [[September 2]] – The Mahu expedition from the Dutch Republic arrives at the [[Cape Verde Islands]] off of the coast of Africa, and many of the men become fatally ill, including Captain Jacques Mahu, who dies on September 23.
* [[September 2]] – The Mahu expedition from the Dutch Republic arrives at the [[Cape Verde Islands]] off of the coast of Africa, and many of the men become fatally ill, including Captain Jacques Mahu, who dies on September 23.
* [[September 5]] ([[Keichō]] 3, 5th day of the 8th month) — With his own death imminent, General Toyotomi Hideyoshi of Japan issues an order directing the [[Council of Five Elders]] to bring their children to the Osaka Castle to join Hideyoshi's designated successor, his son Hideyori. <ref name=Berry/>
* [[September 5]] ([[Keichō]] 3, 5th day of the 8th month) – With his own death imminent, General Toyotomi Hideyoshi of Japan issues an order directing the [[Council of Five Elders]] to bring their children to the Osaka Castle to join Hideyoshi's designated successor, his son Hideyori. <ref name=Berry/>
* [[September 10]] – [[Michael the Brave|Prince Michael II of Wallachia]] begins the siege of [[Nikopol, Bulgaria|Nicopolis]] (no Nikopol in Bulgaria.
* [[September 10]] – [[Michael the Brave|Prince Michael II of Wallachia]] begins the siege of [[Nikopol, Bulgaria|Nicopolis]] (now Nikopol in Bulgaria).
* [[September 13]] – [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]] becomes the new [[King of Spain]] upon the death of his father.
* [[September 13]] – [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]] becomes the new [[King of Spain]] upon the death of his father.
* [[September 17]] – [[Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia]]: [[Jacob Corneliszoon van Neck]] and three ships commanded by him are separated from the [[Dutch Republic]] fleet of Admiral [[:nl:Wybrand van Warwijck|Wybrand van Warwyck]], and land on a Portuguese-charted island, Ilha do Cisne. Van Neck names the island [[Mauritius]], after [[Maurice, Prince of Orange]]. Although [[Diogo Fernandes Pereira]] and sailors from Portugal had, in 1507, become the first Europeans to find Mauritius, van Neck's men apparently are the first to sight the [[dodo]], a now extinct bird.
* [[September 17]] – [[Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia]]: [[Jacob Corneliszoon van Neck]] and three ships commanded by him are separated from the [[Dutch Republic]] fleet of Admiral [[:nl:Wybrand van Warwijck|Wybrand van Warwyck]], and land on a Portuguese-charted island, Ilha do Cisne. Van Neck names the island [[Mauritius]], after [[Maurice, Prince of Orange]]. Although [[Diogo Fernandes Pereira]] and sailors from Portugal had, in 1507, become the first Europeans to find Mauritius, van Neck's men apparently are the first to sight the [[dodo]], a now extinct bird.
* [[September 18]] ([[Keichō]] 3, 18th day of the 8th month) — General [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], who united Japan and became the Chancellor of the Realm, dies after ruling 12 years. He is nominally succeeded by his 5-year-old son, [[Toyotomi Hideyori]], with the regency exercised by the [[Council of Five Elders]].
* [[September 18]] ([[Keichō]] 3, 18th day of the 8th month) – General [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], who united Japan and became the Chancellor of the Realm, dies after ruling 12 years. He is nominally succeeded by his 5-year-old son, [[Toyotomi Hideyori]], with the regency exercised by the [[Council of Five Elders]].
* [[September 25]] – [[Battle of Stångebro]] at [[Linköping]] in [[Sweden]]: The Catholic King [[Sigismund III Vasa|Sigismund of Sweden and Poland]] is defeated in his attempt to resume control of Sweden by the Protestant forces of his uncle, [[Charles IX of Sweden|Charles]]. Sigismund is deposed shortly thereafter.<ref>{{cite book|author=Harry S. Ashmore|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22_05cxLB50C|year=1962|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|page=279|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 25]] – [[Battle of Stångebro]] at [[Linköping]] in [[Sweden]]: The Catholic King [[Sigismund III Vasa|Sigismund of Sweden and Poland]] is defeated in his attempt to resume control of Sweden by the Protestant forces of his uncle, [[Charles IX of Sweden|Charles]]. Sigismund is deposed shortly thereafter.<ref>{{cite book|author=Harry S. Ashmore|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22_05cxLB50C|year=1962|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|page=279|language=en}}</ref>


=== October–December ===
=== October–December ===
* [[October 19]] — The [[Siege of Suncheon]], an attempt by Korean and Chinese troops to capture the Japanese-occupied [[Suncheon Castle]]. <ref>Kenneth M. Swope, ''A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 2009) p.271</ref> An attempt to lure Japanese General [[Konishi Yukinaga]] into an ambush fails when a Korean Army cannon is fired too early and gives away the Korean plan.
* [[October 19]] – The [[Siege of Suncheon]], an attempt by Korean and Chinese troops to capture the Japanese-occupied [[Suncheon Castle]]. <ref>Kenneth M. Swope, ''A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 2009) p.271</ref> An attempt to lure Japanese General [[Konishi Yukinaga]] into an ambush fails when a Korean Army cannon is fired too early and gives away the Korean plan.
* [[November 2]] — Admiral [[Yi Sunsin]] of the Korean Navy attempts to bombard the Suncheon Castle, two days after the joint Chinese and Korean land assault is driven back. Korea and Japan lose 39 ships when a large number of the fleet gets stuck in the shallow waters at low tied and the vessels are attacked by the Japanese. Yi Sunsin calls off the siege the next day. <ref>Samuel Hawley, ''The Imjin War'' (Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press, 2005) p.531</ref>
* [[November 2]] – Admiral [[Yi Sunsin]] of the Korean Navy attempts to bombard the Suncheon Castle, two days after the joint Chinese and Korean land assault is driven back. Korea and Japan lose 39 ships when a large number of the fleet gets stuck in the shallow waters at low tide and the vessels are attacked by the Japanese. Yi Sunsin calls off the siege the next day. <ref>Samuel Hawley, ''The Imjin War'' (Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press, 2005) p.531</ref>
* [[November 10]] (11th waxing of Tazaungmon 960 ME) — In what is now the [[Rakhine State]] of [[Myanmar]], [[Min Razagyi|King Min Razagyi]] of [[Kingdom of Mrauk U|Arakan]] and the rebel leader [[Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo|Minye Thihathu]] begin their assault on [[Bago, Myanmar|Pegu]], the remaining portion of the [[Toungoo Empire]] in southern Burma. <ref>Ashin Sandamala Linkara, ''Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan'' (Tetan Sarpay, 1931) pp. 77–78</ref>
* [[November 10]] (11th waxing of Tazaungmon 960 ME) – In what is now the [[Rakhine State]] of [[Myanmar]], [[Min Razagyi|King Min Razagyi]] of [[Kingdom of Mrauk U|Arakan]] and the rebel leader [[Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo|Minye Thihathu]] begin their assault on [[Bago, Myanmar|Pegu]], the remaining portion of the [[Toungoo Empire]] in southern Burma. <ref>Ashin Sandamala Linkara, ''Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan'' (Tetan Sarpay, 1931) pp. 77–78</ref>
* [[November 15]] — [[Pope Clement VIII]] authorizes the marriage between Albert of Austria and Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain. The two will be married on April 18.
* [[November 15]] – [[Pope Clement VIII]] authorizes the marriage between Albert of Austria and Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain. The two will be married on April 18.
* [[December 4]] — In what is now part of the U.S. state of New Mexico, a dispute breaks out between the [[Keres people]] of the [[Acoma Pueblo]] (near what is now [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] between the Keres Chief Zutacapan and the Spanish colonial envoy [[Juan de Zaldívar (Spanish soldier)|Juan de Zaldívar]]. After being refused food and shelter for himself and his 16 men, Zaldivar retaliates by pillaging Acoma, and Zutacapan orders a counterattack in which Zaldivar and 11 other men are killed. <ref>Andrew Knaut, ''The Pueblo Revolt of 1680'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 1995) p.69</ref> Spanish troops from the Santa Fe de New Mexico colony retaliate on January 22 by carrying out the [[Acoma Massacre]] of 800 people.
* [[December 4]] – In what is now part of the U.S. state of New Mexico, a dispute breaks out between the [[Keres people]] of the [[Acoma Pueblo]] (near what is now [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] between the Keres Chief Zutacapan and the Spanish colonial envoy [[Juan de Zaldívar (Spanish soldier)|Juan de Zaldívar]]. After being refused food and shelter for himself and his 16 men, Zaldivar retaliates by pillaging Acoma, and Zutacapan orders a counterattack in which Zaldivar and 11 other men are killed. <ref>Andrew Knaut, ''The Pueblo Revolt of 1680'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 1995) p.69</ref> Spanish troops from the Santa Fe de New Mexico colony retaliate on January 22 by carrying out the [[Acoma Massacre]] of 800 people.
* [[December 16]] (Keichō 3, 19th day of the 11th month, lunar calendar) – [[Battle of Noryang]]: An allied Korean and Chinese fleet under Korean Admiral [[Yi Sun-sin]] and Chinese Admiral [[Chen Lin (Ming dynasty)|Chen Lin]] defeats the [[Japan]]ese navy, ending the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Stephen Turnbull (historian)|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen|year=2002|title=Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War|location=London|publisher=Cassell|isbn=978-0-304-35948-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/samuraiinvasionj0000turn}}</ref>
* [[December 16]] (Keichō 3, 19th day of the 11th month, lunar calendar) – [[Battle of Noryang]]: An allied Korean and Chinese fleet under Korean Admiral [[Yi Sun-sin]] and Chinese Admiral [[Chen Lin (Ming dynasty)|Chen Lin]] defeats the [[Japan]]ese navy, ending the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Stephen Turnbull (historian)|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen|year=2002|title=Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War|location=London|publisher=Cassell|isbn=978-0-304-35948-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/samuraiinvasionj0000turn}}</ref>
* [[December 21]] – [[Battle of Curalaba]]: The revolting [[Mapuche]], led by [[cacique]] [[Pelantaro]], inflict a major defeat on [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] troops in southern [[Captaincy General of Chile|Chile]]; all Spanish cities south of the [[Bío Bío River]] eventually fall victim to the [[Destruction of the Seven Cities]] by the Mapuches, and all conquest of Mapuche territories by Europeans practically ceases, until the later 19th century [[Occupation of Araucanía]].
* [[December 21]] – [[Battle of Curalaba]]: The revolting [[Mapuche]], led by [[cacique]] [[Pelantaro]], inflict a major defeat on [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] troops in southern [[Captaincy General of Chile|Chile]]; all Spanish cities south of the [[Bío Bío River]] eventually fall victim to the [[Destruction of the Seven Cities]] by the Mapuches, and all conquest of Mapuche territories by Europeans practically ceases, until the later 19th century [[Occupation of Araucanía]].
* [[December 29]] – [[Pope Clement VII]] refuses to allow dispensation for [[Henry II, Duke of Lorraine|Henry of Lorraine]], who is Catholic, to marry [[Catherine of Bourbon]], a Protestant Calvinist. King Henry IV of France then intimidates the Catholic Archbishop of Reims into authorizing the marriage. <ref name=Roelker/>
* [[December 29]] – [[Pope Clement VIII]] refuses to allow dispensation for [[Henry II, Duke of Lorraine|Henry of Lorraine]], who is Catholic, to marry [[Catherine of Bourbon]], a Protestant Calvinist. King Henry IV of France then intimidates the Catholic Archbishop of Reims into authorizing the marriage. <ref name=Roelker/>


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
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* Illustrations of [[Ottoman Turks|Ottoman Turkish]] and European riflemen, with detailed illustrations of their firearms, appear in Zhao Shizhen's book ''Shenqipu'' in this year, during the [[Ming Dynasty]] of China.
* Illustrations of [[Ottoman Turks|Ottoman Turkish]] and European riflemen, with detailed illustrations of their firearms, appear in Zhao Shizhen's book ''Shenqipu'' in this year, during the [[Ming Dynasty]] of China.
* The Spanish establish themselves in [[El Piñal]], a trading port on the coast of China in the [[Pearl River Delta]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Denis Crispin Twitchett|author2=John King Fairbank|author3=Frederick W. Mote|title=The Cambridge History of China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVhvh6ibLJcC&pg=PA349|year=1978|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24333-9|pages=349–}}</ref>
* The Spanish establish themselves in [[El Piñal]], a trading port on the coast of China in the [[Pearl River Delta]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Denis Crispin Twitchett|author2=John King Fairbank|author3=Frederick W. Mote|title=The Cambridge History of China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVhvh6ibLJcC&pg=PA349|year=1978|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24333-9|pages=349–}}</ref>
* [[New Mexico]] is founded as the Kingdom of [[Santa Fe de Nuevo México|Nuevo México]] as part of the Viceroyalty of [[New Spain]]. The Kingdom eventually became a territory of [[Mexico]], later the [[New Mexico Territory]] in the [[United States]], and then the U.S. State of New Mexico.
</onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>


Line 109: Line 109:
* [[October 27]] – [[Lars Stigzelius]], Swedish Lutheran archbishop (d. [[1676]])
* [[October 27]] – [[Lars Stigzelius]], Swedish Lutheran archbishop (d. [[1676]])
* [[November 3]] – [[Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler]] (1600–1654) (d. [[1654]])
* [[November 3]] – [[Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler]] (1600–1654) (d. [[1654]])
* [[November 4]] – [[Ernst Adalbert von Harrach]], Austrian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1667]])
* [[November 4]] – [[Ernst Adalbert of Harrach]], Austrian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1667]])
* [[November 7]] – [[Francisco de Zurbarán]], Spanish painter (d. [[1664]])
* [[November 7]] – [[Francisco de Zurbarán]], Spanish painter (d. [[1664]])
* [[November 28]] – [[Hans Nansen]], Danish statesman (d. [[1667]])
* [[November 28]] – [[Hans Nansen]], Danish statesman (d. [[1667]])
Line 123: Line 123:
* [[Jean Nicolet]], French explorer (d. [[1642]])
* [[Jean Nicolet]], French explorer (d. [[1642]])
* [[William Strode]], English parliamentarian (d. [[1645]])<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Strode, William|volume=25|page=1040}}</ref>
* [[William Strode]], English parliamentarian (d. [[1645]])<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Strode, William|volume=25|page=1040}}</ref>
* [[Guðríður Símonardóttir]], Icelandic woman known as a victim of [[the Turkish abductions]] (d. [[1682]])
* [[Guðríður Símonardóttir]], Icelandic woman known as a victim of [[the Turkish abductions]] (d. [[1682|1693]])
*''probable''
*''probable''
** [[Jean-Armand du Peyrer]], Comte de Tréville and French officer (d. [[1672]])
** [[Jean-Armand du Peyrer]], Comte de Tréville and French officer (d. [[1672]])

Revision as of 19:46, 31 January 2024

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
April 13: The Edict of Nantes is signed.
September 25: Battle of Stångebro
1598 by topic
Arts and science
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Births – Deaths
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1598 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1598
MDXCVIII
Ab urbe condita2351
Armenian calendar1047
ԹՎ ՌԽԷ
Assyrian calendar6348
Balinese saka calendar1519–1520
Bengali calendar1005
Berber calendar2548
English Regnal year40 Eliz. 1 – 41 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2142
Burmese calendar960
Byzantine calendar7106–7107
Chinese calendar丁酉年 (Fire Rooster)
4295 or 4088
    — to —
戊戌年 (Earth Dog)
4296 or 4089
Coptic calendar1314–1315
Discordian calendar2764
Ethiopian calendar1590–1591
Hebrew calendar5358–5359
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1654–1655
 - Shaka Samvat1519–1520
 - Kali Yuga4698–4699
Holocene calendar11598
Igbo calendar598–599
Iranian calendar976–977
Islamic calendar1006–1007
Japanese calendarKeichō 3
(慶長３年)
Javanese calendar1518–1519
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3931
Minguo calendar314 before ROC
民前314年
Nanakshahi calendar130
Thai solar calendar2140–2141
Tibetan calendar阴火鸡年
(female Fire-Rooster)
1724 or 1343 or 571
    — to —
阳土狗年
(male Earth-Dog)
1725 or 1344 or 572

1598 (MDXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1598th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 598th year of the 2nd millennium, the 98th year of the 16th century, and the 9th year of the 1590s decade. As of the start of 1598, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown


Births

Maarten Tromp
Gian Lorenzo Bernini

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Deaths

Tsar Feodor I of Russia
King Philip II of Spain
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Yi Sun-sin

References

  1. ^ Peter F. Sugar,et al., A History of Hungary, ed. by Peter F. Sugar (Indiana University Press, 1990) p. 97
  2. ^ Scott M. Manetsch (2000). Theodore Beza and the Quest for Peace in France: 1572 - 1598. BRILL. p. 332. ISBN 90-04-11101-8.
  3. ^ Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá, Historia de la Nueva México, 1610 : a critical and annotated Spanish/English edition (translated by Joseph P. Sánchez, University of New Mexico Press, 1992)
  4. ^ Constantin C. Giurescu, Istoria Românilor (Editura Al.) p. 191
  5. ^ R. A. Van Middeldyk, The History of Puerto Rico (Echo Library, 2008) p.114
  6. ^ George Williamson, George, Third Earl of Cumberland, 1558-1605: His Life and His Voyages (Kessinger Publishing, 2009) p.205
  7. ^ a b Nancy Lyman Roelker, Queen of Navarre: Jeanne d'Albret, 1528-1572 (Harvard University Press, 1968) p. xiv
  8. ^ "Stationers' Register entry for The Merchant of Venice", Shakespeare Documented (Folger Shakespeare Library)
  9. ^ Gary Dean Peterson, Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (McFarland, 2014) p.105
  10. ^ Tommaso Campanella (March 30, 2011). Selected Philosophical Poems of Tommaso Campanella: A Bilingual Edition. University of Chicago Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-226-09205-8.
  11. ^ a b Mary Elizabeth Berry, Hideyoshi (Harvard University Press, 1982) pp. 139, 235
  12. ^ Harry S. Ashmore (1962). Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 279.
  13. ^ Kenneth M. Swope, A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598 (University of Oklahoma Press, 2009) p.271
  14. ^ Samuel Hawley, The Imjin War (Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press, 2005) p.531
  15. ^ Ashin Sandamala Linkara, Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan (Tetan Sarpay, 1931) pp. 77–78
  16. ^ Andrew Knaut, The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 (University of Oklahoma Press, 1995) p.69
  17. ^ Turnbull, Stephen (2002). Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War. London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-35948-6.
  18. ^ Ottavio Rinuccini's libretto survives complete but only fragments of the music are known.
  19. ^ MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2013). Silence: A Christian History. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 9781846144264.
  20. ^ Denis Crispin Twitchett; John King Fairbank; Frederick W. Mote (1978). The Cambridge History of China. Cambridge University Press. pp. 349–. ISBN 978-0-521-24333-9.
  21. ^ Rudolf Wittkower (1981). Gian Lorenzo Bernini: The Sculptor of the Roman Baroque. Cornell University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-8014-1430-5.
  22. ^ Ronald Shaw-Kennedy (1978). Venice Rediscovered. Associated University Presse. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-8453-1484-5.
  23. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Strode, William" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1040.
  24. ^ Perrie, Maureen (1995). Pretenders and popular monarchism in early modern Russia: the false tsars of the Time of Troubles. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 9780521472746.
  25. ^ Christopher Maginn (March 15, 2012). William Cecil, Ireland, and the Tudor State. OUP Oxford. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-19-969715-1.
  26. ^ Fernand Braudel (1995). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II: Volume II. University of California Press. p. 1234. ISBN 978-0-520-20330-3.
  27. ^ The Catholic Encyclopedia: New Mexico-Philip. Appleton. 1911. p. 510.
  28. ^ May King; David Leer Ringo; William K. Barnarad (2001). Supplemental research and history (volume XIV). McDowell Publications for the Freeborn Family Association. p. 24.
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