castrum: difference between revisions
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** Uzbek: {{l|uz|qasr}} |
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* Berber: {{l|ber|aɣasru}}, {{l|ber|ɣasru}} |
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* Medieval Greek: {{l|grc|κάστρον}} |
* Medieval Greek: {{l|grc|κάστρον}} |
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** Greek: {{l|el|κάστρο|g=n}} |
** Greek: {{l|el|κάστρο|g=n}} |
Revision as of 22:11, 12 October 2016
English
Noun
castrum (plural castra)
- (historical) Among the Ancient Romans, a building or plot of land used as a military defensive position.
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, cut off, separate”) (Watkins, 1969). An older etymology (1899) derived castrum from Latin casa, and proposed an ultimate etymon from a Sanskrit root (sic) *skad-, "to cover". See also castrō, careō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkas.trum/, [ˈkäs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkas.trum/, [ˈkäst̪rum]
Noun
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- castle, fort
- (chiefly plural) camp, especially a military camp
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.9:
- Caesar exposito exercitu et loco castris idoneo capto […]
- Caesar, having disembarked his army and chosen a convenient place for the camp […]
- Caesar exposito exercitu et loco castris idoneo capto […]
Inflection
Derived terms
Descendants
- Berber: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ber" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ber" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
- Medieval Greek: κάστρον (kástron)
- Greek: κάστρο n (kástro)
- Old English: ċester
- Old Portuguese: castro, Castro
- Old Spanish:
- Romanian: castru
References
- “castrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “castrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- castrum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- castrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
- to disarm a person: armis (castris) exuere aliquem
- to leave troops to guard the camp: praesidio castris milites relinquere
- to mount guard in the camp: vigilias agere in castris (Verr. 4. 43)
- to keep the troops in camp: copias castris continere
- to remain inactive in camp: se (quietum) tenere castris
- veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
- “castrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 586