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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|la|castrum}}. {{doublet|en|Chester}}.
Borrowed from {{bor|en|la|castrum}}. {{doublet|en|Caister|Chester}}.


===Noun===
===Noun===
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*kastrom}}, from {{suffix|la|lang1=ine-pro|lang2=la|*kes-|gloss1=to cut, cut off, separate|trum}}. (Watkins, 1969). An older etymology (1899) derived ''castrum'' from Latin {{m|la|casa}}, and proposed an ultimate etymon from a Sanskrit root (sic) ''*skad-'', "to cover". If directly from {{inh|la|ine-pro|*ḱéstrom|*ḱ(e)stróm}}, cognate with {{cog|sa|शस्त्र||cutting tool, knife, weapon|tr=śastrám-, śástram-}}.<ref>{{R:Olsen:1988|16|passage=3.1.1. ''*k̂əs-trom/*-trah₂'' “cutting tool”}}</ref> See also {{m|la|castrō}}, {{m|la|careō}}.
From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*kastrom}}, from {{suffix|la|lang1=ine-pro|lang2=ine-pro|*ḱes-|gloss1=to cut, cut off, separate|*-trom}} (Latin {{af|la|-trum}}) (Watkins, 1969).<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|pages=97-8}}</ref> Cognate with {{cog|sa|शस्त्र|tr=śastrá|t=cutting tool}}.<ref>{{R:Olsen:1988|16|passage=3.1.1. ''*k̂əs-trom/*-trah₂'' “cutting tool”}}</ref> See also {{m|la|castrō}}, {{m|la|careō}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
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# [[castle]], [[fort]], [[fortress]]
# [[castle]], [[fort]], [[fortress]]
# (chiefly plural) several [[soldier]]s' [[tents]] situated [[together]]; hence, a [[military]] [[camp]], an [[encampment]]
# {{lb|la|chiefly|in the plural}} several [[soldier]]s' [[tents]] situated [[together]]; hence, a [[military]] [[camp]], an [[encampment]]
#* {{Q|la|Julius Caesar|Commentarii de Bello Gallico|5|9|quote=Caesar exposito exercitu et loco '''castris''' idoneo capto {{...}}|trans=Caesar, having disembarked his army and chosen a convenient place for the '''camp'''{{...}}}}
#* {{Q|la|Julius Caesar|Commentarii de Bello Gallico|5|9|quote=Caesar exposito exercitu et loco '''castris''' idoneo capto {{...}}|trans=Caesar, having disembarked his army and chosen a convenient place for the '''camp'''{{...}}}}


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====Descendants====
====Descendants====
{{desc-top|Inherited}}
{{top2}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|castro|Castro}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|castro|Castro}}
** {{desc|gl|castro|Castro}}
** {{desc|gl|castro|Castro}}
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* {{desc|osp|castro}}
* {{desc|osp|castro}}
** {{desc|es|castro|Castro}}
** {{desc|es|castro|Castro}}
{{desc-bottom}}
* Borrowings:

** {{desc|sq|-kastër|bor=1}}
** {{desc|arc|קַצְרָא|tr=qaṣrā|bor=1}} / {{l|syc|ܩܰܨܪܳܐ|tr=qaṣrā}}
{{desc-top|Borrowed}}
* {{desc|sq|-kastër|bor=1}}
* {{desc|arc|קַצְרָא|tr=qaṣrā|bor=1}} / {{l|syc|ܩܰܨܪܳܐ|tr=qaṣrā}}
*** {{desctree|ar|قَصْر|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|ar|قَصْر|bor=1}}
** → Berber [languages?]: [[aɣasru]], [[ɣasru]]
* → Berber [languages?]: [[aɣasru]], [[ɣasru]]
** {{desc|gkm|κάστρον|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gkm|κάστρον|bor=1}}
*** {{desctree|el|κάστρο|g=n}}
** {{desctree|el|κάστρο|g=n}}
** {{desc|en|castrum|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|castrum|bor=1}}
** {{desc|he|קְצָרָה|tr=qəṣārā|bor=1}}
* {{desc|he|קְצָרָה|tr=qəṣārā|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ang|ceaster|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ang|ceaster|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|enm|Chestre}}
** {{desc|enm|Chestre}}
**** {{desc|en|-caster|-cester|-chester|Chester}}
*** {{desc|en|-caster|-cester|-chester|Chester}}
** {{desc|ro|castru|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|castru|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
{{desc-bottom}}


===References===
===References===
⚫
<references/>
* {{R:itc:EDL|castrum|pages=97–98}}
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
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* {{R:M&A}}
* {{R:M&A}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:ine:IEW|vol=II|page=586}}
* {{R:ine:IEW|page=586}}
⚫
<references/>

Latest revision as of 08:49, 4 July 2024

English

[edit]
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from Latin castrum. Doublet of Caister and Chester.

Noun

[edit]

castrum (plural castra)

  1. (historical) Among the Ancient Romans, a building or plot of land used as a military defensive position.

Latin

[edit]
Latin Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia la

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Italic *kastrom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, cut off, separate”) +‎ Proto-Indo-European *-trom (Latin -trum) (Watkins, 1969).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastrá, “cutting tool”).[2] See also castrō, careō.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

castrum n (genitive castrī); second declension

  1. castle, fort, fortress
  2. (chiefly in the plural) several soldiers' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment

Usage notes

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Use in singular is rarer than that of castellum.

Declension

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Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative castrum castra
Genitive castrī castrōrum
Dative castrō castrīs
Accusative castrum castra
Ablative castrō castrīs
Vocative castrum castra

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Inherited
Borrowed

References

[edit]
  • “castrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “castrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • castrum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • castrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
    • to disarm a person: armis (castris) exuere aliquem
    • to leave troops to guard the camp: praesidio castris milites relinquere
    • to mount guard in the camp: vigilias agere in castris (Verr. 4. 43)
    • to keep the troops in camp: copias castris continere
    • to remain inactive in camp: se (quietum) tenere castris
  • “castrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 586
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 97-8
  2. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1988) The Proto-Indo-European Instrument Noun Suffix *-tlom and its Variants (Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser; 55), Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, →ISBN, page 16: “3.1.1. *k̂əs-trom/*-trah₂ “cutting tool””
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