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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|la|castrum}}.
Borrowed from {{bor|en|la|castrum}}. {{doublet|en|Caister|Chester}}.


===Noun===
===Noun===
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# {{lb|en|historical}} Among the Ancient Romans, a [[building]] or [[plot]] of [[land]] used as a [[military]] [[defensive]] [[position]].
# {{lb|en|historical}} Among the Ancient Romans, a [[building]] or [[plot]] of [[land]] used as a [[military]] [[defensive]] [[position]].


{{C|en|Ancient Rome}}
----


==Latin==
==Latin==
{{wp|lang=la}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{der|la|ine-pro|*ḱes-|t=to cut, cut off, separate}} (Watkins, 1969). An older etymology (1899) derived ''castrum'' from Latin ''[[casa]]'', and proposed an ultimate etymon from a Sanskrit root (sic) ''*skad-'', "to cover". See also {{m|la|castrō}}, {{m|la|careō}}.
From {{inh|la|itc-pro|*kastrom}}, from {{suffix|la|lang1=ine-pro|lang2=ine-pro|*ḱes-|gloss1=to cut, cut off, separate|*-trom}} (Latin {{af|la|-trum}}) (Watkins, 1969).<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|pages=97-8}}</ref> Cognate with {{cog|sa|शस्त्र|tr=śastrá|t=cutting tool}}.<ref>{{R:Olsen:1988|16|passage=3.1.1. ''*k̂əs-trom/*-trah₂'' “cutting tool”}}</ref> See also {{m|la|castrō}}, {{m|la|careō}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
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===Noun===
===Noun===
{{la-noun|castrum|castrī|n|second}}
{{la-noun|castrum<2>}}


# [[castle]], [[fort]]
# [[castle]], [[fort]], [[fortress]]
# (chiefly plural) [[camp]], especially a [[military]] camp
# {{lb|la|chiefly|in the plural}} several [[soldier]]s' [[tents]] situated [[together]]; hence, a [[military]] [[camp]], an [[encampment]]
#* {{Q|la|Julius Caesar|Commentarii de Bello Gallico|5|9|quote=Caesar exposito exercitu et loco '''castris''' idoneo capto {{...}}|trans=Caesar, having disembarked his army and chosen a convenient place for the '''camp'''{{...}}}}
#* {{Q|la|Julius Caesar|Commentarii de Bello Gallico|5|9|quote=Caesar exposito exercitu et loco '''castris''' idoneo capto {{...}}|trans=Caesar, having disembarked his army and chosen a convenient place for the '''camp'''{{...}}}}


====Inflection====
====Usage notes====
Use in singular is rarer than that of {{m|la|castellum}}.
{{la-decl-2nd-N|castr}}

====Declension====
{{la-ndecl|castrum<2>}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
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====Descendants====
====Descendants====
* {{desc|sq|-kastër}}
{{desc-top|Inherited}}
⚫
* {{desc|roa-opt|castro|Castro}}
⚫
* {{desc|arc|קַצְרָא|tr=qaṣrā}} / {{l|syc|ܩܰܨܪܳܐ|tr=qaṣrā}}
** {{desctree|ar|قَصْر|tr=qaṣr|}}
** {{desc|gl|castro|Castro}}
⚫
** {{desc|pt|castro|Castro|alts=1}}
⚫
* Berber: aɣasru, ɣasru
⚫
* {{desc|osp|castro}}
⚫
** {{desc|es|castro|Castro}}
{{desc-bottom}}

{{desc-top|Borrowed}}
* {{desc|sq|-kastër|bor=1}}
⚫
* {{desc|arc|קַצְרָא|tr=qaṣrā|bor=1}} / {{l|syc|ܩܰܨܪܳܐ|tr=qaṣrā}}
** {{desctree|ar|قَصْر|bor=1}}
⚫
* → Berber [languages?]: [[aɣasru]], [[ɣasru]]
* {{desc|gkm|κάστρον|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gkm|κάστρον|bor=1}}
** {{desc|el|κάστρο|g=n}}
** {{desctree|el|κάστρο|g=n}}
*** {{desc|rup|castru|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|castrum|bor=1}}
* {{desc|he|קְצָרָה|tr=qəṣārā|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ang|ceaster|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ang|ceaster|bor=1}}
** {{desc|enm|Chestre}}
** {{desc|en|-caster}}, {{l|en|-cester}}, {{l|en|-chester}}, {{l|en|Chester}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|castro}}, {{l|roa-opt|Castro}}
*** {{desc|en|-caster|-cester|-chester|Chester}}
⚫
** {{desc|gl|castro}}, {{l|gl|Castro}}
⚫
** {{desc|pt|castro}}, {{l|pt|crasto}}, {{l|pt|Castro}}
⚫
* {{desc|osp|castro}}
⚫
** {{desc|es|castro}}, {{l|es|Castro}}
* {{desc|ro|castru|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|castru|bor=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}


===References===
===References===
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* {{R:M&A}}
* {{R:M&A}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:ine:IEW|vol=II|page=586}}
* {{R:ine:IEW|page=586}}
<references/>

Latest revision as of 08:49, 4 July 2024

English

[edit]
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from Latin castrum. Doublet of Caister and Chester.

Noun

[edit]

castrum (plural castra)

  1. (historical) Among the Ancient Romans, a building or plot of land used as a military defensive position.

Latin

[edit]
Latin Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia la

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Italic *kastrom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, cut off, separate”) +‎ Proto-Indo-European *-trom (Latin -trum) (Watkins, 1969).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastrá, “cutting tool”).[2] See also castrō, careō.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

castrum n (genitive castrī); second declension

  1. castle, fort, fortress
  2. (chiefly in the plural) several soldiers' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment

Usage notes

[edit]

Use in singular is rarer than that of castellum.

Declension

[edit]

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative castrum castra
Genitive castrī castrōrum
Dative castrō castrīs
Accusative castrum castra
Ablative castrō castrīs
Vocative castrum castra

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Inherited
Borrowed

References

[edit]
  • “castrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “castrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • castrum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • castrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
    • to disarm a person: armis (castris) exuere aliquem
    • to leave troops to guard the camp: praesidio castris milites relinquere
    • to mount guard in the camp: vigilias agere in castris (Verr. 4. 43)
    • to keep the troops in camp: copias castris continere
    • to remain inactive in camp: se (quietum) tenere castris
  • “castrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 586
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 97-8
  2. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1988) The Proto-Indo-European Instrument Noun Suffix *-tlom and its Variants (Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser; 55), Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, →ISBN, page 16: “3.1.1. *k̂əs-trom/*-trah₂ “cutting tool””
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