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'''ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ''' (Nav Nunadalv) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ Ꮎ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ ...
'''ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ''' ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ Ꮎ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ [[environment|ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ]], ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏑᏓᎴᎩ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ [[Group (sociology)|ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ]]. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ [[plant|ᎦᎪᏘ]] ᎠᎴ [[animal|ᎦᏂᏝᎢ]]; ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ [[species|ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ]], ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᏂᎬᎢ. ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏫᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮎ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏟᏐᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ Ꮎ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ. ᎪᎯ ᎤᏓᏡᎬ focuses ᎾᎿ [[human|ᏴᏫ]] ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ, [[belief|ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ]], [[resources|ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ]], ᎤᏟ ᏗᏰᎸᎯ, ᎤᏚᎸᏗ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ, [[risk|ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ]] ᎠᎴ ᏎᏍᏗ ᏐᎢ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎡᏙᎠ ᎠᎴ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ, ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏗ ᎯᎠ [[identity|ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ]] ᎯᎠ participants ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ.


[[File:Community Circle at OUR Ecovillage.jpg|thumb|right|250px|...]]
ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ ''ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ'' ᎦᎷᎦ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ [[Latin|ᎳᏗᎾ]] ''communis,'' ᎦᏛᎬᎢ "ᏧᏣᏔᏊ, ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ, shared ᎾᎥᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ."<ref>ᏗᏂᏃᎩᏍᏗᏍᎩ, D. 2001. [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=community ''Online Etymology Dictionary.'']</ref> ᎯᎠ [[Latin|ᎳᏗᎾ]] ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ "communitatus" ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎧᏁᏨ "ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ" ᎦᎷᎦ, ᎨᏒᎢ comprised ᏦᎢ ᎢᏧᏓᎴᎩ, "Com-" - [[Latin|ᎳᏗᎾ]] ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳ, "-Munis-" - ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ [[Indo-European]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ orgin, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ "ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ" (ᎢᏧᎳ ᎦᏚᎲ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏕᎳ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎠᎭᏂ), ᎠᎴ "-tatus" [[Latin|ᎳᏗᎾ]] ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎠᏂᏁᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ, ᎤᏍᏗ, ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᎢ. ᎠᏓᏥ sociologist [[Ferdinand Tönnies]] ᎤᏓᏁᎸᎩ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ "ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ" (''gemeinschaft'') ᎠᎴ "[[society|ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]]" (''gesellschaft''). ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏤᎵ 1887 ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ, ''[[Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft|Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft]],'' Tönnies argued Ꮎ "ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ" ᎨᏒᎢ perceived ᎾᏍᏋ ᎾᏍᏋ tighter ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ, ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏙᎲᎩ "ᏂᎦᏛ ᏫᎵ."<ref>Tönnies, F. 1887. ''Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft,'' ᎤᏆᏓᏛ 22.</ref> ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ Ꮎ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ ᎠᎴ kinship ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎢᏳᏂᏪᏛ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ Ꮎ ᏐᎢ shared ᎨᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ, ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ''gemeinschaft.''


== ᏓᏓᏚᎬ [[ᎪᏪᎵ]] ==
[[File:Stonehenge Summer Solstice eve 02.jpg|thumb|right|450px|[[community of interest|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᏁᏉᏨ]] ᎦᏟᏐᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ [[Stonehenge]], [[ᎦᎵᏏh]], ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎨᏱ solstice.]]

== ᏫᏓᎧᏃᏗᏱ ᎾᎿ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ==

ᏴᏫ ᎤᎭ ᎪᏢᎯ ᎪᏢᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎸᎯ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎦ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢᏍᏗ [[hunter-gatherer|ᎦᏃᎭᎵᏙᎯ-ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ]]. ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎲᎢ ᏰᎵᏊ participants ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᏦᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ [[common good|ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎣᏍᏛ]] ᎠᎴ ᎠᏙᎷᏩᏘᏍᎬ [[sense of community|ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]], ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ. ᏗᎦᎾᏗᏫᏍᏗ ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏘᏴᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎣᏩᏒ-ᎤᏁᏉᏨ ᎠᎴ shared ᏧᏁᏉᏨ.

ᎯᎠ catalyst ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏴᏫ ᎠᎵᎪᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ''ᎬᎵᏱᎵᏒ'' ᎤᎾᎵᎪᎯ. ᏰᎵᏊ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᏴᏫ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗ participants ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏐᎢ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ-ᏗᎵᎪᏔᏅ ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ, ᎦᎪ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᏕᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ. ᎪᎯ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ, ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ [[Herd behavior|ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᎾᏝᎢ ᎾᏛᏁᎲᎢ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ [[Self-organization#Self-organization in human society|ᎣᏩᏒ-ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ.

[[Gerhard Lenski]], [[sociologist]], differentiates societies ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᎠᏏᎾᏒᎢ, ᏗᏛᎪᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ: (1) ᎦᏃᎭᎵᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ, (2) ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ ᎤᎬᏩᎵ, (3) ᎠᏓᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ ᎤᎬᏩᎵ, (4) ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ.<ref>Lenski, G. 1974. ''ᏴᏫ Societies: ᎾᏛᏁᎸ Macrosociology.''</ref> ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᎾᎥᎢ [[anthropologists]] [[Morton H. Fried|Morton H. ᎪᎢᎯ ᎬᏂᏍᏙᏗ]], [[conflict theory|ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ theorist]], ᎠᎴ [[Elman Service|Elman ᎾᏛᏁᎸ]], [[structural functionalism|ᏂᎦᏛ theorist]], ᎦᎪ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏗᏓᎴᎾᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᏘᏌᏅᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏴᏫ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎠᎴ societies ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ [[social inequality|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ]] ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ ᎯᎠ [[state|ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ]]. ᎪᎯ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏗᏓᎴᎾᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᏘᏌᏅᎩ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏐ ᏅᎩ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ:

* [[hunter-gatherer|ᎦᏃᎭᎵᏙᎯ-ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ]] ᎦᏚ ᎠᏄᏬᏍᏗ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ [[egalitarianism|egalitarian]].
* [[tribe|tribal]] societies ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏅᏂᏙᎲ [[social rank|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎢᏴ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ]] ᎠᎴ ᎬᏩᎫᏍᏓᎢ.
* [[social stratification|ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ]] ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ [[chieftain|ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ]].
* [[civilization|ᎠᏓᏅᏘᏐᏗ]], ᎬᏙᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ hierarchies ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏅᎯ, institutional ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ.

ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ [[time|ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ]], ᎢᎦᏛ [[cultures|ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ]] ᎤᎭ progressed ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ-ᏂᎦᏛ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ [[organization|ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]] ᎠᎴ ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ. ᎪᎯ [[cultural evolution|cultural ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ]] ᎤᎭ ᏭᏓᎪᎾᏛ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏧᎾᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎦᏃᎭᎵᏙᎯ-ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᏂᎳᏍᏓᎸ ᏗᏓᏙᎳᏤᏗ ᏴᏩᏚᏫᏛ seasonal foodstocks ᏗᏙᎳᎩ [[Neolithic Revolution|ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲ]]. ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲ ᎤᏛᏒ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᏕᎦᏚᎲ ᎠᎴ ᏕᎦᏚᎲ. ᏕᎦᏚᎲ ᎤᎦᏔᎲᏒ ᎾᎾᎯ [[city-state|ᎦᏚᎲᎢ-ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ]] ᎠᎴ [[nation-state|ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ-ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ]].<ref>Effland, R. 1998. [http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/glues/model_complex.html The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations].</ref>

Fred Cox, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ-ᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᏃᏪᎵᏍᎩ (1970) ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ Ꮎ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏦᎢ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏴᏫ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ:
* ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ geographic ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ
* ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ organizations
* ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ shared ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ

ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ strategies ᎠᎴ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎥᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ nature ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏌᏊ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏂᎾᏕᎬ.<ref>Cox, F., J. Erlich, J. Rothman, ᎠᎴ J. Tropman. 1970. ''Strategies ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ: ᎪᏪᎵ ᏓᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ.''</ref>. ᏯᏛᎿ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ nested, ᏌᏊ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ, ᏂᎦᏛ ᏦᎢ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ integrated, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ, ᏧᎾᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ identified, ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ ᏌᏊ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᎠ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎾᎾᎢ planetary ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ, ᎯᎠ geographic ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ, 3rd ᎡᎶᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᏅᏙ ᎢᎦ ᎡᎯ; ᎯᎠ organizational ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎯᎠ UNO ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏛ Ꮝ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ agencies, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏗᏗ, IMF, WTO, ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏗ; ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ cultural ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ globalization, ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ disseminated ᎾᎿ ᎢᏗᏢ ᏎᏍᏗ multinational media ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ.

ᎯᎠ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ Ꮎ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏓᎾᏅᏗ, ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ, ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏴᏫ [[institution|ᏓᎾᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ]]ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎢᏳᏊ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᏂᏁᎢᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏏᎾᏒᎢ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ [[Norm (sociology)|ᏗᎫᎪᏔᏅ]] Ꮎ ᎠᏱᎴᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ complexes ᎠᎴ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᏱᎵᏒᎩ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ. ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎪᎯ ᎧᏁᏉᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[social capital|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ]] ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᎠ ᎤᏓᏚᎯᏌᏘ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ, ᏧᎾᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[social networks|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ]] ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ cultural awareness ᎠᏂᏐᎢ. ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ''[[collective consciousness|ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ]].''<ref>Durkheim, E. 1950. ''ᎯᎠ ᏗᎫᎪᏔᏅ Sociological ᎢᎬᎾᏗ."</ref>

ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ societies ᏫᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎧᏁᏉᏤᎩ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ ᎾᏛᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏎᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ Ꮎ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᏲᏍᏛ, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎤᏬᎯᏳ Ꮎ ᎢᎦᏛ [[Industrial society|ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ societies]] ᎤᎭ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ [[privatization]] "ᎯᎠ [[commons|ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ]]", ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ [[village|ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲ]] ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎩᎵᏏᏲ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ, ᎠᏱᎵᏒ [[laborers]] ᎯᎠ [[slum|ᎦᎳᏅᎯ]] ᎯᎠ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏕᎦᏚᎲ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ [[workers|ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ]], ᎠᏎ ᎢᏳᏛᎾᏗ ᎦᎾᏗᏅᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ [[labor]] ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ [[labor market|labor ᎤᏂᎾᏗᏅᏗ]]. ᎤᎵᏱᎸᏛ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ "privatizations" ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎤᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ eliminating ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎨᏒ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ ᎠᎴ ᏩᎲᏍᎬ ᎠᏂ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏤᎵᏓ ᏧᏃᏰᏂ. ᎾᏊ, societies ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. Theorists ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[Ulrich Beck|Ulrich ᎤᏪᏴ]] ᎠᎴ [[Anthony Giddens]] ᎤᎭ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᎸ ᎢᎦᏛ modernity, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ "[[risk society|ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]]," Ꮎ ᎤᎭ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᏭᏓᎪᎾᏛ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᎩ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᏧᎾᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎩᎳ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎧᏁᏉᏤᎩ vibrant ''global'' ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.<ref>ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎤᏪᏴ, Ꭴ. ''ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ: ᏫᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏤ Modernity'' (1992), ᎠᎴ ''ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ globalization?'' (2000); Giddens (1999) “Risk ᎠᎴ Responsibility”</ref>

ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ [[social sciences|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᎦᏙᎲᏍᏗ]], ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[sociology]], [[anthropology]], [[psychology|ᎣᏓᏅᏛ]], ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ overlapping ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏁᎵᏒ. [[Community studies|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏗᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ]], ᎠᏔᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ theories sociology ᎠᎴ [[cultural anthropology|cultural]] ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ [[community psychology|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ]], ᎠᎴ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏕᎦᎶᎨᏒ Ꮎ ᎧᎵ ᏗᎪᎥᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎿ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ theories ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[economics|ᎠᎾᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗᏍᎩ]], [[urban planning|ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏛᏂᏍᏗᏍᎩ]], [[social work|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ]] ᎠᎴ [[architecture|ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ]]. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎸ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᏴᏫ [[organization|ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]] ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎫᏢᎥᏍᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[organizational studies|organizational ᏗᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ]], [[organizational development|organizational ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ]] (sociology), [[social geography|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩ ᎡᎶᎯ]] ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏝᏱᎪᎯᎩ [[computational sociology]].

== ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ==
[[File:Diversity of youth in Oslo Norway.jpg|thumb|left|400px|<ᎠᏰᎵ> [[Group (sociology)|ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ]] ᎠᏛᏍᎩ interacting]]</center>

ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ, ᏴᏫ ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᏗᏫᏒᏗ ᏐᎢ ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᎦᏙᎲᏒ. ᎠᏲᎵ ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎢᎬᏱ, ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏄᎵᏍᏛ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ, ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎧᏁᏉᏛ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ (ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ). ᎤᏅᏌ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ [[identity|ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ]] ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏒ Ꮎ ᏗᎵᎪᏙᏗ ᎠᏂ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ-ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᏂᎦᏙᎲᏒ.<ref name=Socialization>Newman, D. 2005. [http://www.pineforge.com/upm-data/9006_Chapter_5.pdf Chapter 5. "Building Identity: Socialization"]. ᏚᏆᏓᏛ 134-140.</ref>

ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏛᏍᎬ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ [[social structure|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ]]. ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎪᎯ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ [[Value (personal and cultural)|ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎠᎴ cultural ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ]], [[world view|ᎡᎶᎯ ᏗᎧᏃᏗᎢ]] ᎠᎴ [[Attitude (psychology)|ᏄᏍᏛ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ]] ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ. ᎤᏁᏉᏤᎲ ᎪᎵᏍᏗᏱ [[group dynamics|ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ]] ᎠᎴ ᎯᎳᎪ "ᏰᎵ ᎢᎩᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ [[socialization]]. ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ [[interpersonal relationship|interpersonal ᎠᎾᎵᏐᏈᎸᏍᎬ]] ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎠᏑᏰᏛ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎦᎪᏃ [[Group (sociology)|ᎤᎾᎵᎪᎯ]] ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏂᏚᏍᏗᏓᏅ.<ref name = Socialization />

ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ [[adolescence|ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ]] ᎠᎴ adulthood, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᎩᏍᎬᎢ ᎾᎿ [[role|ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ]] ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[Leadership|ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ]] ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᎵᏍᏓᏩᏕᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ. ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴᏅᏗ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ [[sense of community|ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]].

== Socialization ==
ᎯᎠ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᎬ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ [[behavior|ᎾᏛᏁᎲᎢ]] ᏧᎾᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ [[socialization]]. ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏘᎯᏍᏗ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ socialization ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ, ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ [[individual|ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ]] ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏏᎾᏒᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ [[role|ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎡᎲ]] ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏯᎾᏛᏁᏗ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ [[culture|ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ]] ᎠᎴ [[social environment|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ]].<ref name = "Socialization" /> ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ [[psychodynamic]] ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ socialization ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎧᏁᎳ 1 ᎠᎴ 10. ᎠᎴ socialization ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗ ᎤᏔᎾ ᎠᏓᏅ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏎ ᎠᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎢᏤ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎾᏛᏁᎲᎢ.<ref>Newman, D. 2005, ᎤᏆᏓᏛ 141.</ref>

Socialization ᎨᏒᎢ influenced ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ, ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏗᏂᏲᎵ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ [[norms|ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ]]. ᏐᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ, [[peer|ᎤᏂᏠᏱ]] ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ, ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ media, ᎯᎠ workplace ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᏌᏊ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎦᎵᏯ ᏗᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ [[tolerance|ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ]], [[Reciprocity (social psychology)|ᏗᎵᎪᏔᏅᎯ]] ᎠᎴ [[Trust (sociology)|ᎰᏩ ᎠᏰᎸᏗ]] ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ "ᎢᏳᎾᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ," ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[Alexis de Tocqueville|ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Tocqueville]] ᏩᏗᏱ ᎾᏍᎩ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.<ref name=Community>ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ, M. 2001. [http://www.infed.org/community/community.htm Community].</ref>

== ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ==
[[File:Bigdayout crowd2.jpg|thumb|right|300px|ᎯᎠ [[sense of community|ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]]]]</center>
ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎾᎵᎪᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ, ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᎵᏍᏓᏩᏕᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎠᎾᎵᏍᏓᏩᏕᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎠᏁᎳ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏚᏂᏴ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫ ᏄᎾᏍᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛ. ᎬᏙᏗ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ [[connectivity|ᏓᎾᎵᎪᏗᏍᎬ]] ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏱᎸᏛ [[conversation|ᏓᎾᎵᏃᎮᏍᎬ]], participants ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᎠᎵᏤᎸᎮᏍᎩ ᏗᏚᎳᏙ, ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎬᏗ ᎪᎳᏨᎯ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ, enhanced ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏏᎾᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᏝᏅᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏓᏚᎯᏌᏘ ᎠᎾᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ-solving. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ argued Ꮎ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᏚᏓᏂᏴᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏐᎢ ᏴᏫ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᎲᏍᏗ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ, ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ [[Social alienation|ᎠᏓᏬᏍᎬ]], ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ ᏗᏁᏝᎾ ᏕᎦᎳᏅᏛ Ꮎ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᎢᏳᏃ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲᏊ ᎠᏍᏚᎲᎢ.

ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ, ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏍᏓᏯ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎧᏁᏉᎩ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏴᏫ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏕᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᎾᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ "[[hive mind|ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ]]" ᎢᎬᏱᏊ ᎦᏰᎯ ᏩᎾᎢ ᎪᎯ ᏗᎳᏏᏙᏗ. ᎣᏓᏅᏛ ᎤᏩᎾᏐᎲᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ ᏗᏛᎪᏔᏅ ᎠᏏᎾᏒᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏁᎵᏒ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏯᎾᏛᏁᏗ ᎪᎯ ᏅᏏᎾᏒ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ behaviors ᎠᎴ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎤᏘᏴᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎧᏃᎯᏯᏍᏗ; ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ, ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎠᏑᏰᏛ; ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ, ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎠᏓᎵᏍᎪᎸᏓᏁᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏁᏝᎾ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ (ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "[[synergy|ᎠᎵᎪᏒ]]") ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎪᎯ ᎤᏘᏴᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ observable ᎠᎴ ᎠᏏᏅᏍᏗ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.

McMillan ᎠᎴ Chavis (1986) ᎠᏓᏙᎯᏙᏗ ᏅᎩ ᎢᏧᏓᎴᎩ "ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ": 1) ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ, 2) ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ, 3) ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎤᏚᎸᏗ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ, ᎠᎴ 4) shared ᎠᎵᏤᎸᎮᏍᎩ ᏗᎵᎪᏔᏅᎯ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ interplay ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ:

<blockquote>ᎩᎶ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᏩᎲᏍᎬ ᏗᎦᏃᏣᎳᏅ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏒᏍᏗ ᏕᎦᏃᏣᎸ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏒᏓᎷᎦ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᏒᏍᏗ ᏔᎷᏣ ᎠᎳᏍᎦᎶᏗ ᏐᏈᎵ ᏧᎾᏦᏟ. ᏴᏫ ᎠᏁᏙ ᎯᎠ organizational ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᎪᎵᎬᎾ ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎤᏚᎸᏗ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ (ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎤᏚᎸᏗ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ). ᎯᎠ ᏐᏈᎵ ᏧᎾᏦᏟ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᎦᏛ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎣᏪᏅᏒ (ᎠᏁᎳ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ boundaries ᎠᎴ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ) ᎠᎴ ᎤᏩᏍᎬ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ (ᎯᎠ ᏚᏓᏂᏴᏒ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ). ᎤᏅᏌ ᏗᏁᎶᏗ ᏗᏁᎶᏗᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ (ᎦᏣᏄᎳ shared [[Valence|valent]] ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ). ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᏓᎾᏁᎶᎲᏍᎬ, ᎠᏁᎳ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏐᏈᎵ ᏧᎾᏦᏟ (ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎫᏢᎥᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ). ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏐᏈᎵ ᏧᎾᏦᏟ ᏫᎬᎵᏱᎴᎩ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ, ᏐᏈᎵ ᏧᎾᏦᏟ ᎠᏁᎳ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎤᏬᎳᏨ ᎠᎴ congratulated (ᎤᏁᏉᏤᎲ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏁᎳ). ᎩᎶ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎠᏂᏁᎢᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᏩᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎭᏫᏂ ᏗᏄᏬ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎳᏑᎶ (ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏗᎬᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ) ᎠᎴ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ (ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ).<ref>McMillan, D.W., ᎠᎴ Chavis, D.M. 1986. "ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ: ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ," ᎤᏆᏓᏛ 16.</ref></blockquote>

''ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ'' (SCI) ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᎾᎥᎢ Chavis ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ (1986). ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎠᎴᏅᏔᏅ ᎠᏎᎸ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᏗ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᏰᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ workplace ᎠᎴ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.<ref>Chavis, D.M., J.H. Hogge, D.W. McMillan, ᎠᎴ Wandersman, 1986. "ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ Brunswick ᎤᏤᎵ ᏗᏓᎨᏗ: ᎢᎬᏱ ᎭᎦᏔ."</ref>

== Communitarianism ==
[[File:Lewes Bonfire, Martyrs Crosses.jpg||thumb|right|250px|[[Lewes#Lewes bonfire|Lewes ᏙᏱ ᎪᏛᎢ ᏒᏃᏱ]] ᎠᎯᎸᏍᏗ commemorating 17 ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ ᏗᏁᎶᏗ ᎤᏍᏛᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᎴᏴᏒ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ 1555 1557.]]
Communitarianism ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏛᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ philosophies (ᎠᎴ [[Ideology|ideologies]]) ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ [[20th century|20th ᏍᏉᎯᏧᏈ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏗ]], ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ [[classical liberalism|ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗ ᏙᎯ ᎠᏕᏗ]], [[capitalism]] ᎠᎴ [[socialism|ᏓᎳᏏᏛ]] ᎾᎯᏳᎢ advocating phenomena ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[civil society|ᎤᎵᎶᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]]. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏎᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ [[social liberalism|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏙᎯ ᎠᏕᏗ]], communitarianism ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ, ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏁᏉᏨ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ societies ᎠᎴ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ, ᎢᏳᏃ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ, ᎠᏎ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏕᎫᎪᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᎾᏕᎬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎵᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏗᏛᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏯᏙᎯᎲ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[health care|ᎠᏰᎸ ᏄᏛᎿᏕᎬ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ]], [[abortion|ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ]], [[multiculturalism]], ᎠᎴ [[hate speech|ᎦᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏣᏙᏗ]].

== Organizational ᏗᏛᎪᏔᏅ ==
ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ [[communication|ᏗᏛᎪᏔᏅ]] ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᎴ organizational ᏗᏫᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎯᎳᎪ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ ᎠᎴ communicated ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎢᏤ ᎠᏁᎳ, ᎯᎠ formulation agendas, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏐᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ. Organizational ᏗᏛᎪᏔᏅ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎳᎪ ᏴᏫ ᏗᏓᏛᎪᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ organizational ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ [[organizational structure|organizational ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ]]. ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎠᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏕᏴᎠᏍᎬ ᏗᏛᎪᏔᏅ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎤᏯᎾᏛᏁᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏗᏫᏍᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ organizational ᏗᏛᎪᏔᏅ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏠᎨᏏ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ geared ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏚᎾᏓᏡᎬᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᏚᎵᏍᎪᎵᏴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎢᎬᎾᏔᏅᎯ ᏐᎢ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.

== ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ==
ᎢᏳᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏂᏚᏍᏗ, ᎢᏧᎳ ᏙᎯ ᎠᏕᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎫᏓᎸᏙ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ. ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎠᎩᏍᎪᎢ ᎾᎿ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ Ꮝ ᎣᏤᎵ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏴᏫ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᏂᏴᏗ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏱ ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ connectedness ᎠᎴ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ ᎪᎯᏳᏙᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[social capital|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ]].<ref>Putnam, D. 2000. ''ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏩᏒ: ᎯᎠ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᎴᏂᏍᎬᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ,'' ᎤᏆᏓᏛ 19.</ref>

[[File:Azadi1.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[Azadi Tower|Azadi ᏂᎬᎢ]] ᎨᏒᎢ [[town square|ᎦᏚᎲ ᏅᎩ ᏧᏅᏏᏯ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[Iran|ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ Iran.]]]]
ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ [[Robert D. Putnam]] ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᎯᎠ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ [[social networks|ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ]] (ᎦᎪ ᏴᏫ ᎣᎾᏛ) ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ Ꮎ ᏗᎶᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ ᎿᏛᎦ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏐᎢ (ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏗᎵᎪᏔᏅᎯ)." ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎯ ᎤᎵᎶᎯ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎾᎥ ᎢᏳᎾᏓᎵ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏛ ᎠᎦᏙᎵ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ' ᏚᏁᏅᏒ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Putnam ᏓᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ''[[Bowling Alone|ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏩᏒ]]: ᎯᎠ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᎴᏂᏍᎬᎢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ'' (2000), ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎦᎶᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ. Putnam ᎠᏩᏛᏗ Ꮎ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏩᏓᏔᏅᏒ 25 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ, ᎠᏁᏙᎲᎢ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᏓᎾᏠᏍᎦ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎶᏒᎢ 58 ᏌᏊ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᏃᏍᏛ, ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ ᎢᎦ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎡᎳᏗ 33 ᏌᏊ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᏃᏍᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎲᎢ ᏧᎾᎵᎢ ᎠᏓᏩᏛᎯᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎶᏒᎢ 45 ᏌᏊ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᏃᏍᏛ.<ref>[http://www.bowlingalone.com/index.php3 ''Bowling Alone'' web site]</ref>

[[Western world|ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ]] [[cultures|ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ]] ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏓᏲᎱᏎᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ Ꮎ ᏌᏊ ᎢᏳᏩᎫᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[institutions|ᏓᎾᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ]] ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ [[churches|ᏧᏂᎳᏫᏍᏗ]] ᎠᎴ [[Community centre|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏰᎵ]]. [[Sociologist]] [[Ray Oldenburg|ᎠᏨᏍᏛ Oldenburg]] ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ''[[The Great Good Place (Oldenburg)|ᎯᎠ ᎡᏆ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎾᎿᎢ]]'' Ꮎ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᏦᎢ ᏚᏙᏢᏒᎢ: 1) ᎯᎠ [[home|ᎣᏪᏅᏒ]], 2) ᎯᎠ [[workplace]], ᎠᎴ, 3) ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ hangout ᎠᎴ [[gathering place|ᎠᏂᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎾᎿᎢ]].<ref>ᎠᏎᎸᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏜᏅᏛ. 2006. [http://www.pps.org/info/placemakingtools/placemakers/roldenburg Ray Oldenburg].</ref>

ᎬᏙᏗ ᎪᎯ ᎤᏬᎳᏨᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ [[grassroots]] ᏓᏁᎸᏔᏅ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ [[Project for Public Spaces|ᎠᏎᎸᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏜᏅᏛ]] ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎤᏂᎩᏍᏔᏅ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎪᎯ "[[Third Place|ᏦᎢᏁ ᎾᎿᎢ]]" ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎩᏍᎬᎢ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎪᏪᎵ, coffeehouses, ᎾᎥᎢ pubs ᎠᎴ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ innovative ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.<ref> ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏧᎦᎾᏮ. 2006. [http://usfcollab.usf.edu/PDF/socialcapital.pdf Social Capital in Tampa Bay: An Update Report].</ref>

== ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ==
ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎦᏰᎯ ᎾᏛᏁᎲᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ universities ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ agencies ᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎾᎥᎢ, ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ, ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎦᏰᎯ ᏓᏁᎸᏔᏅ, ᎤᏯᏅᎲ [[community building|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ]] ᎠᎴ [[community organizing|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ organizing]], ᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏴᏫ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎳᏍᎬ ᎠᏂ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏏᎾᏒᎢ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᏧᎾᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏏᎾᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎡᏆ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏚᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎲ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ agenda. ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᎠᏅᏬᏗ ᎠᏎ ᎪᎵᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎯᎳᎪ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎦᎸᏉᏙᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ' ᎾᎿ ᎠᏂᏙᎬ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏓᎾᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ.

ᎢᎬᏱ ᎦᏰᎯ ᎢᏗᏛᏁᏗ ᎾᏛᏁᎲᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ universities ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏁᏍᎬᏗ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᏱᎴᎦ curricula ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ sociology ᎠᎴ [[community studies|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏗᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ]]. ᎯᎠ [[General Social Survey|ᏂᎦᎥ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ]] ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ [[National Opinion Research Center|ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏃᎵᏍᎬᎢ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ]] ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ [[University of Chicago|ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ Chicago]] ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ [[Saguaro Seminar|Saguaro ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ]] ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ [[John F. Kennedy School of Government|ᎦᎳᏅᎯ F. Kennedy ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ]] ᎾᎾᎢ [[Harvard University|Harvard ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ]] ᎠᎴ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ [[United States|ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ]]. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ [[United Kingdom|ᎩᎵᏏᏲ]], [[Oxford University|Oxford ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ]] ᎤᎭ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎳᏍᎬ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏠᎨᏏ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ Ꮝ '' ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᏕᎪᏪᎸ,'' <ref> [http://cdj.oxfordjournals.org/ Community Development Journal], Oxford ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ</ref> ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ sociologists ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᎠᏅᏬᏗ.

ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᏫᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ''ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ'' ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ''ᎠᏓᏁᎸ'' ᎠᎴ ᏎᏍᏗ ᎢᏗᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏧᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏗᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ. ᏌᏊ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᎵᏯ ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᏧᎾᏕᏲᏗ [[Northwestern University|ᎤᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ]]. ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᏕᏲᏗ ᏗᎪᏢᏅ ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ downloadable ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏗᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ<ref>ABCD ᏧᎾᏕᏲᏗ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᎪᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ W.K. Kellogg ᎦᎫᏍᏓᎥ. 2006. [http://www.northwestern.edu/ipr/abcd/kelloggabcd.htmll''Discovering Community Power: A Guide to Mobilizing Local Assets and Your Organization's Capacity''].</ref> ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᏗ ᏓᎾᎵᎪᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ [[Non-profit organization|ᎬᏙᏗ-ᎪᏢᏔᏅ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ]] ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᏧᎾᏙᏢᎯ Ꮎ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᏕᏲᏗ focuses ᎾᎿ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎵᎭ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ "mobilizing ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ" — ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ.<ref>ABCD ᏧᎾᏕᏲᏗ. 2006. [http://www.northwestern.edu/ipr/abcd.html Welcome to ABCD].</ref>

=== ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ organizing ===
[[M. Scott Peck|M. Scott ᎩᏄᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ]] ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎧᏃᏗᎢ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎤᏎᎦᏤᎸ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏂᏚᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎢᏧᏩᎪᏗ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[New York|ᏄᏯᎩ]] ᎦᏚᎲᎢ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ [[September 11, 2001|ᏚᎵᏍᏗ 11, 2001]], ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ. ᎩᏄᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᎭ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ "ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎩ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ shared ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ consensual ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ, ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎪᎯᏳᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ inclusivity ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ Ꮎ ᎪᎯ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ ᎡᎪᎢ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᏅᎩ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ:

# '''ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ-ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ''': ᎭᏢᏃ participants ᎠᎴ "ᎣᏍᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏐᎢ", ᏓᎾᏁᎶᎲᏍᎬ-ᏂᎦᎾᏰᎬᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏁᎲᎢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ favorable ᏗᏍᏆᎨᏂ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎬᎨᏫᏍᏗ.
# '''ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᏂᎦᏘᎴᎩ''': ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ inauthenticity ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ-ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᎾᏰᎬᎾ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎡᏙᎠ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ "ᎤᏓᏴᎳᏛ" selves. ᎪᎯ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ ᏚᏙᏢᏒᎢ ᎡᏆ ᏗᏔᏲᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ facilitator ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎨᏍᏙᏗ leadership ᎠᎴ organization, ᎠᎴ ᎩᏄᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᎭ Ꮎ "organizations ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ", ᎠᎴ ᎪᎯ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ resisted.
# '''ᎤᏏᏩ''': ᎪᎯ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ attempts ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ, ᎧᏅᏬᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎧᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᏂᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ, ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏴᏫ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ acknowledging ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ woundedness ᎠᎴ brokenness, ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ. ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ ᎪᎯ ᎤᏏᏩ ᎦᎷᎦ
# '''ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ''': ᎯᎠ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᏍᏛᎩ ᎪᎯᏳᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏍᎨ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏚᎸᏗ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ ᏴᏫ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎪᎯ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ ᎩᏄᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᎭ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᏩᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ" ᎠᎴ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏨᏓᏓᎧᏁᏗ ᎠᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᏴᏫ ᎦᎸᏉᏗ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎪᎵᏍᏗᏱ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏌᏊ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏴᏫ.

ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏝᏱᎪᎯᎩ Scott ᎩᏄᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏁᏨᎩ Ꮎ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᎾᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎪᎯ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏦᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᎡᎶᎯ.

[[File:Ithaca Hours-One Eighth.jpg|thumb|300px|right|ᎯᎠ [[Ithaca Hours|Ithaca ᏑᏟᎶᏛ]] ᎨᏒᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ [[local currency|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ-ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᏕᎦᏃᏣᎸ.]]]]
ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏯᏖᎾ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ, ᎤᏃᏴᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᏂᏕᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[potluck|ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ]] ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᏗ [[book club|ᎪᏪᎵ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩlarger]]–scale ᏓᏁᎸᏔᏅ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ [[festival|ᏓᎾᎵᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎬ]] ᎠᎴ [[construction|ᎠᏁᏍᎨᎲ]] ᎠᏎᎸᎯ Ꮎ ᎠᏓᏠᏯᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ participants ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ contractors. ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ "[[Local Exchange Trading Systems|ᎾᎥᎢ ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ]]" (LETS)<ref>ᎾᎥᎢ ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᎾᎥᎢ [[Michael Linton]], ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay, ᎩᎵᏏ Columbia]], ''ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ'' [http://www.gmlets.u-net.com/explore/home.html "LETSystems - new money"]. Retrieved: 2006-08-01.</ref> ᎠᎴ [[local currencies|ᎾᎥᎢ currencies]], ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ [[Ithaca Hours|Ithaca ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ]] ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ,<ref>ᎯᎠ Ithaca ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ, ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᎾᎥᎢ [[Paul Glover]] ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᎿᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [http://www.ithacahours.com/intro.html "Creating Community Economics with Local Currency"]. Retrieved: 2006-08-01.</ref> ᎠᏓᎦᎳᏍᏓᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎳᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎠᎴ enhanced ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.

[[File:Affinity_group_collateral_damage.jpg|thumb|200px|left|ᎯᎠ anti-ᏓᏄᏩ [[affinity group|ᎠᎾᎵᏐᏈᎸᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ]] "ᎠᎦᏘᏗᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ" [[Activism|ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ]] ᎯᎠ [[Iraq war|Iraq ᏓᏄᏩ]]]]
ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ geared ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ [[activism]] ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ termed "ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ organizing." ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏕᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ, ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏧᏓᎩᏴᎲ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏒᎧᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᏗ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎸ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ-ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ ᏗᏂᏰᎸ. ᎭᏢᏃ ᎣᏍᏛ-ᎪᎯᏳᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎾᎵᏃᎮᎸ ᎤᏄᎸᏅ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ constituency-ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᏧᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ-ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᏪᎵ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᏗ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎣᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ, [[boycott|ᎠᏓᏓᎸᏙᏗ]], ᎤᏬᎳ-ins, ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᏔᏲᎯᎯ, ᎠᎴ electoral ᎠᏙᎩᏯᏛ. ᎯᎠ [[ARISE Detroit!|ᏗᎶᏗ Detroit!]] ᎠᎵᎪᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ [[Toronto Public Space Committee|Toronto ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏜᏅᏛ ᎠᎧᎻᏘ]] ᎠᎴ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ [[activism|activist ᏓᎧᏁᎲ]] ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ.

ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ organizing ᎨᏒᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ focused ᎾᎿ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎣᏍᏛ resolving ᏗᎪᏍᎩ ᎠᏯᏙᎯᎲ. Organizing ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏂᎬᎢ ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ distributing ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ organizers ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏁᏍᎬᏗ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ Ꮎ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏛ ᎠᎴ [[democratic]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ governance. ᏯᏛᎿ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᎦᎳᏍᏓᏗᏍᏗ [[consensus decision-making|ᎪᎯᏳᏙᏗ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ-ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ]] ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎠᏰᎸ ᏄᏛᎿᏕᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏗᎪᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᏉᏨ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ.

ᎯᎠ ᏦᎢ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ organizing ᎠᎴ [[grassroots]] organizing, [[coalition|ᎠᎵᎪᏒ]] ᎠᏓᏁᎸ, ᎠᎴ [[faith-based community|ᎪᎯᏳᏗ-ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ organizing]] (ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ "ᏓᎾᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ-ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ organizing," "ᎠᏯᏖᎾ-ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ organizing" ᎠᎴ "ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ-ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ organizing").

=== ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ===
[[Community service|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ]] ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᎵᎪᏔᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ [[nonprofit organization|nonprofit ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]], ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ undertaken ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᏌᏊ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏚᎩ ᎠᎴ [[volunteering|ᎤᏩᏒ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏓ]]. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏅᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗᏱ [[Sentence (law)|sentencing]] approaches ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[justice system|ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ]] ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏧᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏓᎾᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ.

== ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ==
[[File:Community Circle at OUR Ecovillage.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Participants ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎶᎯ Leafe ᏧᎾᏁᎸᏗ ᎤᏤᎵ "ᎠᏓᏅᏙ ᏅᏩᏙᎯᏯᏛ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ" ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎦᏐᏆᎸ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᏒᎯᏰᏱᏗᏢ ᏓᏂᎳᏫᎥ ᎾᎾᎢ.<ref>[http://www.ourecovillage.org/ᎠᏩᏛᏗ.html O.Ꭴ.R. Ecovillage]</ref>]]

'''ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ'''

ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ ''"ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ"'' ᎠᎾᏓᏎᎮ ᎡᏆ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏍᏚᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ. ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ [[local community|ᎾᎥᎢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]] ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ:
* [[municipality|ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ]] ᎨᏒᎢ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᏒᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᏰᎵ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᏩᏎᎯᎲᎢ [[town|ᎦᏚᎲ]] ᎠᎴ [[village|ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲ]]. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎡᏆ [[cities|ᏕᎦᏚᎲ]] ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ municipalities, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏁᎵᏒ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ, ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ.
* [[neighborhood|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]] ᎨᏒᎢ geographically localized ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ [[city|ᎦᏚᎲᎢ]] ᎠᎴ [[suburb|ᎦᏁᎸ]].
* [[new town|ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]] ᎨᏒᎢ ᏌᏊ Ꮎ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ [[urban planning|ᎠᏎᎸ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᏗ]] ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᏜᎪᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ. ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ [[capital|ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᏕᎦᏚᎲ]] ᎠᎴ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᏕᎦᏚᎲ, ᏂᎬᎢ [[Washington, D.C.]], ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ [[United States|ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ]], [[Canberra]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[Australia]], ᎠᎴ [[Brasília]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[Brazil]]. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ [[European colonization of the Americas|European ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ]] ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏁᏍᎬᏗ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏤᎢ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏩᎵᏃᎯᏯᏍᎬ ᎢᎬᏱᎨᏍᏙᏗ [[ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ]] ᏕᎦᏚᎲ.
{{Details|Community of place}}

'''ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ'''

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ''"ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ"'' ᎠᎾᏓᏎᎮ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏴᏫ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᏐᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ. ᎠᏁᎳ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ interact ᏂᎦᏛ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ. ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᎩᏨᏅᏓ ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ:
* "ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏴᏫ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏛᏂ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎠᏕᎳᏗᏍᏗ [[professional society|ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]], ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ formalized ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ [[Community of practice|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ]].
* [[virtual community|ᎠᎧᎵᏏᏐᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]] ᎨᏒᎢ [[group (sociology)|ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ]] ᏴᏫ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴᏅᏘᏍᎬ communicating ᎠᎴ interacting ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏐᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ technologies, ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ [[Internet|ᎧᎾᏁᏍ]], ᎤᏟ ᎬᏰᎸᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᏁᏉᏨ, [[Virtual Community of Practice|ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ]] ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ. (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎡᎳᏗᏢ.) ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎤᏁᏉᏨ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ [[motivations for contributing to online communities|motivations ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ contributing online ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]].
{{Details|Community of interest}}

'''ᎫᏢᎥᏍᎬ'''

ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ. ᎠᏁᎳ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏐᎢ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏌᏊ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏧᏁᏉᏨ.

* [[retirement community|ᎠᏏᏅᏍᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]] ᎨᏒᎢ designated ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎠᏎᎸ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ retirees ᎠᎴ ᏗᏂᏍᏆᏗᏍᎩ –- ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ restricted ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ 55. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏚᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ [[retirement home|ᎠᏏᏅᏍᏗ ᎣᏪᏅᏒ]], ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏏᏴᏫ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ, ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎲᎢ ᏎᏍᏗ ᏙᎯ ᎠᏕᏗ ᎦᎵᏦᏕ ᎠᎿᎥ.

* [[intentional community|ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]] ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ residential ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏐᎢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏚᏂᏴ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ, ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫ ᏄᎾᏍᏛ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ responsibilities ᎠᎴ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ. ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ [[Amish]] ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲ, [[ashrams]], [[cohousing]], [[communes|ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ]], [[ecovillages]], [[housing cooperative|ᎦᏁᎸ cooperative]], [[kibbutzim]], ᎠᎴ [[land trust|ᎦᏙᎯ ᎰᏩ ᎠᏰᎸᏗ]].
{{Details|Intentional community}}

== ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᎤᏁᎳᏅ ᎤᏬᏢᏅ ᏴᏫ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ==
[[File:Street Musicians in NYC.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Music|ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ]] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ [[Central Park|ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ]], [[public space|ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏜᏅᏛ]]]]
ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎡᏙᎲᎩ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ interacting ᎬᏙᏗ ᏌᏊ ᏄᏓᎴ,"<ref> Australian ᎢᎬᎢ ᎤᏔᎾ ᏧᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏙᎲᏍᏗ. [http://www.science.org.au/nova/010/010glo.htm Nova: Science in the News]. Retrieved: 2006-07-21.</ref> ᎾᎯᏳᎢ scientifically ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ, ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏩᏓᏁᏗᏱ ᎯᎠ ᏛᏍᏓᏅᏅᏍᎬ, ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ ᏴᏫ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ. ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᏓᎴᎾᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᏘᏌᏅᎩ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢᎨᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎥᏝ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ. ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᏂᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ, ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ. [[M. Scott Peck|M. Scott ᎩᏄᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ]] expresses ᎪᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ: "ᎾᎿᎢ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ Ꮭ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ; ᎾᎿᎢ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ Ꮭ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ; ᎾᎿᎢ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ Ꮭ ᏅᏩᏙᎯᏯᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ Ꮭ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ, ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ."<ref>[[M. Scott Peck|M. Scott ᎩᏄᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ]], 1987. ''ᎯᎠ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎠᎱᎵ: ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ-ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏅᏩᏙᎯᏯᏛ,'' ᎤᏆᏓᏛ 233.</ref> ᎪᎯ ᏩᏓᏁᏗᏱ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ distinctiveness ᏴᏫ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.

== ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ==
* [[List of community topics|ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ]]
* [[Communitarianism]]
* [[Communitas]] ([[Victor Turner|ᎦᏣᏄᎳ Turner]] ᎤᏤᎵ theories)
* [[Community informatics|ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ informatics]]
* [[Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft|Gemeinschaft ᎠᎴ Gesellschaft]]
* ᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ [[Benedict Anderson|ᏨᏓᏓᏨᏍᏙᏗ Anderson]] ᎤᏤᎵ ''[[Imagined Communities|ᏁᎵᏒᎢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]]''
* [[Holism]]
* [[International community|ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]]
* [[Nationalism]] ᎠᎴ [[Internationalism]]
* [[Original affluent society|ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ]] ᎦᏃᎭᎵᏙᎯ-ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎢᎦᏛ [[Marshall Sahlins]] (1966)
* ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᎩ [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] ᎤᏤᎵ ᎯᎠ ''ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ'' (1983)
* [[Sense of community|ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ]]
* [[Tragedy of the commons|ᎤᏐᏅᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ]] ᎠᎴ [[Tragedy of the anticommons|ᎤᏐᏅᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ anticommons]]

== ᏓᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

== ᏫᏓᏎᏄᎢ ==
* ᎤᏪᏴ, Ꭴ. 1992. ''ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ: ᏫᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏤ Modernity.'' London: ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᎩ
* ᎤᏪᏴ, Ꭴ. 2000. ''ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ globalization?'' Cambridge: ᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ.
* Chavis, D.M., Hogge, J.H., McMillan, D.W., ᎠᎴ Wandersman, . 1986. "ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ Brunswick ᎤᏤᎵ ᏗᏓᎨᏗ: ᎢᎬᏱ ᎭᎦᏔ." ᏕᎪᏪᎸ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ, 14(1), 24-40.
* Cohen, . ᎤᏆᏓᏛ 1985. ''ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎠᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.'' ᏄᏯᎩ: Routledge.
* Durkheim, Emile. 1950 (1895) ᎯᎠ ᏗᎫᎪᏔᏅ Sociological ᎢᎬᎾᏗ. Translated ᎾᎥᎢ Solovay ᎠᎴ J. H. Mueller. ᏄᏯᎩ: ᎯᎠ ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ.
* Cox, F., J. Erlich, J. Rothman, ᎠᎴ J. Tropman. 1970. ''Strategies ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ: ᎪᏪᎵ ᏓᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ.'' Itasca, IL: F. E. ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏗᎦᎴᏴᏗᏍᎩ.
* Effland, R. 1998. [http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/glues/model_complex.html The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations] ᏂᎬᏅ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ ᏧᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ.
* Giddens, . 1999. “Risk ᎠᎴ Responsibility” ''ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᏅᎬᎪᏙᏗ'' 62(1): 1-10.
* Lenski, G. 1974. ''ᏴᏫ Societies: ᎾᏛᏁᎸ Macrosociology.'' ᏄᏯᎩ: McGraw-ᎦᏚᏏ, Inc.
* McMillan, D.W., ᎠᎴ Chavis, D.M. 1986. "ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ: ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ." ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏕᎪᏪᎸ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ, 14(1), 6-23.
* [[Jean-Luc Nancy|Nancy, Jean-Luc]]. ''ᏂᏚᏍᏛᎢ Communauté désœuvrée'' (ᏁᎵᏒ ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏝᏅᏓᏕᎲ ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ-[[subject (philosophy)|ᎢᎦᏛ]] ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ).
* Newman, D. 2005. ''Sociology: Exploring ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᏧᎩᏨᏅᏓ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ,'' [http://www.pineforge.com/upm-data/9006_Chapter_5.pdf Chapter 5. "Building Identity: Socialization"] ᏃᏥ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ. Retrieved: 2006-08-05.
* Peck, M. Scott (1987). ''ᎯᎠ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎠᎱᎵ: ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ-ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏅᏩᏙᎯᏯᏛ.'' ᏄᏯᎩ: Simon ᎠᎴ Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84858-9
* Putnam, R. D. 2000. ''ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏩᏒ: ᎯᎠ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᎴᏂᏍᎬᎢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ.'' ᏄᏯᎩ: Simon ᎠᎴ Schuster
* Sarason, Semour B. (1974). ''ᎯᎠ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ: ᎤᏚᎩ ᏗᎦᎬᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ.'' San Francisco: Jossey-ᎤᏔᏅ ᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗ.
* Sarason, Semour B. (1986). "ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ: ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ conceptual ᎠᏰᎵ." ''ᏕᎪᏪᎸ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ'', 14, 405-407.
* ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ, M. K. 2001. [http://www.infed.org/community/community.htm Community]. ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᎯ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ. ᎣᏂ updated: ᎤᏃᎸᏔᏂ 28, 2005. Retrieved: 2006-07-15.
* Tönnies, F. 1887. ''Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft,'' Leipzig: Fues ᎤᏤᎵ Verlag, 2nd ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏫᏒ. 1912, 8th ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ, Leipzig: Buske, 1935; translated ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1957 ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ''ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ.'' ISBN 0-88738-750-0

== ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ ==
* [http://www.newpantagruel.com/issues/2.3/community.php American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia]
* [http://www.infed.org/community/community.htm Encyclopedia of Informal Education]
ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ
* [http://www.community-organization-fundraising.com/ Community Organization Fundraising] ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ ᎠᎴ strategies ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ fundraisers.
* [http://www.clearvisionpk.com Community Perspective in Quran]
* [http://www.edgelife.net/glossary/community.htm Definition, articles, essays from Edge Life]


[[Category:ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ| ]]
[[Category:ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ| ]]
[[Category:To be checked]]

[[ar:جماعة مشتركة]]
[[be:Абшчына]]
[[be-x-old:Грамада]]
[[bg:Общност]]
[[ca:Comunitat]]
[[ckb:کۆمەڵ]]
[[cs:Komunita]]
[[cy:Cymuned]]
[[da:Fællesskab]]
[[de:Gemeinschaft]]
[[el:Κοινότητα]]
[[en:Community]]
[[eo:Homa komunumo]]
[[es:Comunidad]]
[[fi:Yhteisö]]
[[he:קהילה]]
[[hi:जाति]]
[[hu:Közösség]]
[[id:Komunitas]]
[[is:Samfélag]]
[[it:Comunità]]
[[ja:共同体]]
[[ko:공동체]]
[[ku:Civat]]
[[nds-nl:Saemenleving]]
[[nl:Samenleving]]
[[nn:Gemeinschaft]]
[[no:Gemeinschaft]]
[[pl:Wspólnota]]
[[simple:Community]]
[[sk:Komunita (sociológia)]]
[[sr:Заједница]]
[[ta:குமுகம்]]
[[th:ชุมชน]]
[[uk:Громада]]
[[vi:Cộng đồng]]
[[yi:געמיינדע]]
[[yo:Àgbàjọ]]
[[zh:团体]]

Latest revision as of 09:21, 15 ᎥᏍᎩᎦ 2022

ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ (Nav Nunadalv) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ Ꮎ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ ...

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