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脫髮：修订间差异

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{{medical}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name =
| pronounce = Alopecia: {{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|l|oʊ||'|p|iː|ʃ|ə}}
| synonyms = Alopecia, baldness
| image = alopecia.jpg
| caption = 男性掉髮
| field = [[皮肤病学]]
| symptoms = 頭頂上或身體上的[[毛髮]]脫落<ref name=NHS2013 />
| symptoms = 頭頂上或身體上的[[毛髮]]脫落<ref name=NHS2013>{{cite web|title=Hair loss|url=http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|work=NHS Choices|accessdate=22 September 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927020342/http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|archivedate=27 September 2013|df=}}</ref>
| complications = {{tsl|en|Psychological distress||心理壓力}}<ref name=Nal2016/>
| onset =
| duration =
| types = {{tsl|en|androgenetic alopecia||男性掉髮}}、{{tsl|en|female-pattern hair loss||女性掉髮}}、[[圓禿]]、[[休止期脫髮]]<ref name=Var2015/>
| causes =
| risks =
| risks diagnosis =
| diagnosis differential =
| differential prevention =
| treatment = 坦然面對、藥物、手術<ref name=Var2015/>▼
| prevention =
| medication = '''{{tsl|en|Pattern hair loss||地中海型、前額型禿頭}}'''：[[米诺地尔]]、[[非那斯特莱]]<ref name=Mc2012 /><ref name=Le2008 /><br>'''[[斑禿]]'''：[[注射]][[甾体|類固醇]]<ref name=Var2015/>
▲| treatment = 坦然面對、藥物、手術<ref name=Var2015/>
| prognosis = ▼
| medication = '''{{tsl|en|Pattern hair loss||地中海型、前額型禿頭}}'''：[[米诺地尔|minoxidil]]、[[非那斯特莱|finasteride]]<ref name=Mc2012>{{cite journal | last1 = McElwee | first1 = K. J. | last2 = Shapiro | first2 = J. S. | title = Promising therapies for treating and/or preventing androgenic alopecia | journal = Skin therapy letter | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 1–4 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22735503 | url = http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151212040921/http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html | archivedate = 2015-12-12 | df = | access-date = 2017-05-21 }}</ref><ref name=Le2008>{{cite journal | last1 = Leavitt | first1 = M. | title = Understanding and Management of Female Pattern Alopecia | journal = Facial Plastic Surgery | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = 414–427 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19034818 | pmc = | doi = 10.1055/s-0028-1102905 }}</ref><br>'''[[斑禿]]'''：{{tsl|en|injections||注射}}[[甾体|類固醇]]<ref name=Var2015/>
| frequency = 50% 的男性、25% 的女性 <!-- 看不懂 (pattern hair loss by 50)--><ref name=Var2015/><ref name=Le2008 />
▲| prognosis =
| deaths = ▼
| frequency = 50% 的男性、25% 的女性 <!-- 看不懂 (pattern hair loss by 50)--><ref name=Var2015/><ref name=Le2008>{{cite journal | last1 = Leavitt | first1 = M. | title = Understanding and Management of Female Pattern Alopecia | journal = Facial Plastic Surgery | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = 414–427 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19034818 | pmc = | doi = 10.1055/s-0028-1102905 }}</ref>
▲| deaths =
}}
 
'''脫髮'''，又稱為'''掉髮'''、'''禿髮'''、'''禿頭'''，指的是[[毛髮]]從頭部或是身體上掉落<ref name=":0"NHS2013>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|title=Hair loss|accessdate=22 September 2013|work=NHS Choices|archive-date=2013-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927020342/http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref>，一般來說至少會包含頭髮的脫落<ref name="Var2015">{{citeCite journal |last=Vary |first=Jay C. |date=2015-11 |title=Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--AcneAppendages—Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis. |dateurl=Novemberhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025712515001200 2015|journal=The Medical clinicsClinics of North America |language=en |volume=99 |issue=6 |doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003|volume=99|pages=1195–211|pmid=26476248|last1=Vary JC|first1=Jr}}</ref>，其嚴重程度可以從一個小範圍，乃至全身受影響<ref name="DermNet2016">{{cite web|url=http://dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|title=Hair loss|accessdate=2016-08-03|work=DermNet|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625012752/http://www.dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|archivedate=2016|deadurl=no}}</ref>。一般來說不會伴隨[[炎症|發炎]]或出現[[疤痕]]<ref name="Var2015" />。
<br />
 
== 自然脫髮 ==
第42行 ⟶ 第41行：
* 更年期
* 男性雄性禿
* 處於長期壓力下<ref name="Nal2016">{{citeCite journal |titlelast=AlopeciaNalluri in|first=Rajani general medicine.|last2=Harries |first2=MMatthew |date=February 2016-02 |title=Alopecia in general medicine |url=https://www.rcpjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74 |journal=Clinical medicineMedicine (London,|language=en |volume=16 England)|issue=1 |doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74 |volumeissn=161470-2118 |pagespmc=74–8PMC4954340 |pmid=26833522|last1=Nalluri|first1=R}}</ref>
* 長期熬夜
* 產後落髮
第52行 ⟶ 第51行：
* 受到刺激物質造成長期反覆毛囊炎
 
脫髮較不常見的原因包括拉扯頭髮、使用特定藥物像是接受[[化学疗法|化療]]、[[艾滋病|愛滋病]]、[[甲狀腺機能低下症|甲狀腺機能低下]]，以及[[營養不良]]，例如缺[[鐵]]和[[蛋白質]]頭髮就會變黃、分叉；缺[[植物油]]、[[維生素A]]、蛋白質和[[碘]]時頭髮會發乾、無光澤、容易折斷；缺[[維生素B]]群時會出現[[脂溢性皮炎]]和頭髮脫落現象。而會表現出發炎或疤痕的脫髮原因包含[[真菌病|真菌感染]]、[[紅斑性狼瘡]]、[[放射線療法|放射性治療]]與[[结节病|結節病]]<ref name="Var2015Nal2016" /><ref name="Nal2016Var2015" />。脫髮的範圍是診斷脫髮的重要指標之一<ref name="Var2015" />。
<br />
 
== 脫髮治療 ==
如果發現掉髮過量，建議盡早諮詢專業醫師評估並接受治療。
 
若選擇藥物治療，可以使用的藥物有[[米诺地尔|米諾地爾]]（Minoxidil）或[[非那斯特莱|非那斯特萊]]（Finasteride）、植物複合[[咖啡因]]萃取液、[[鋸棕櫚]]萃取液 ，或是選擇植髮<ref name=Mc2012>{{citeCite journal |last=McElwee |first=K. J. |last2=Shapiro |first2=J. S. |date=2012-06 |title=Promising therapies for treating and/or preventing androgenic alopecia |url=httphttps://wwwpubmed.skintherapyletterncbi.com/2012/17nlm.6/1.html|last2=Shapiro|first2=Jnih.gov/22735503 S.|journal=Skin therapyTherapy Letter letter|issue=6|year=2012|volume=17 |pages=1–4|pmidissue=22735503|last1=McElwee|first1=K.6 J.|access-dateissn=20171201-05-215989 |archive-datepmid=2015-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212040921/http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html|dead-url=yes22735503}}</ref><ref name=Le2008>{{citeCite journal |last=Leavitt |first=Matt |date=2008-11 |title=Understanding and Management of Female Pattern Alopecia |url=http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0028-1102905 |journal=Facial Plastic Surgery |language=en |volume=24 |issue=404 |doi=10.1055/s-0028-1102905 |yearissn=2008|volume=24|pages=414–427|pmc=|pmid=19034818|last1=Leavitt|first1=M.0736-6825}}</ref>。圓禿的治療則可以在受到影響的區域注射類固醇，但必須長期注射才有效。
 
脫髮的問題非常常見。在50歲的族群中，大致有一半的男性與1/4的女性受到影響；也約有2%的人會在某個時間點開始圓禿<ref name="Var2015" />。
第90行 ⟶ 第88行：
{{-}}
{{Human hair}}
{{authority control}}
{{normdaten}}
 
[[Category:毛髮]]
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/脫髮”