The 5W1H framework provides a method for operational efficiency by asking questions about what the current status is, why change is needed, when the change should start and finish, where it will be implemented, who the change drivers are, and how the change will be achieved. An efficient operational environment requires innovative people management approaches rather than just technology changes, including establishing a good working culture, efficient processes, and recognition of employee performance and contributions to help them make the right decisions. The framework can be applied to assess various domains like culture, leadership, policies and processes, job clarity, and performance management.