This document provides an analysis of dosha according to Ayurveda. It begins by defining dosha as disturbances in the body and mind. It discusses the origins of the three doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) from the panchamahabhutas. There is debate around whether raktha is a dhatu or dosha. The document outlines the guna, karma, sthana of the three doshas and their relationship to other bodily systems. It provides references from classical texts about doshas and discusses their treatment for excess and deficiency states. The summary focuses on key points about the origins, characteristics and treatment approaches for doshas according to Ayurveda.
Rasayana Tantra is one of the eight important clinical branches of Ayurveda. It deals with rejuvenation and longevity. Rasayana helps to achieve three types of action - protect youthfulness and avoid senility, encourage life span, intellect and potency, and check and cure disease. Rasayana has been classified in various ways including based on mode of administration as outdoor or indoor regimen, based on utility as preventive or curative etc. Many herbal formulations and procedures are mentioned in classical texts for rasayana therapy.
BY
Prof. Dr. N. Satya Prasad, M.D., PGDHM
GOLD MEDALIST
Sr. Reader / Civil Surgeon
Post Graduate department of Kayachikitsa
Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic college
Hyderabad, A.P., India
Email: satyapnamburu@gmail.com
The document discusses the Ayurvedic concept of Samanya (general or universal). It defines Samanya as properties or characteristics that are common to a class or category of objects. Samanya brings objects into one group under a common name, while Vishesha (specific or particular) distinguishes between individual objects.
Samanya exists in three categories - Dravya (substance), Guna (quality), and Karma (action). It is eternal, singular, and found in all objects simultaneously. Samanya can cause augmentation or increase of Doshas and Dhatus. However, this requires other facilitating factors and Samanya alone is not sufficient. The document outlines different types of Samanya based on the categories it
Sandhana kalpana is the preparation of self generated alcohol. All the preparations that are resulting from FERMENTATION procedure come under SANDHANA KALPANA.
Sandhana kalpana is a special technique to prepare most effective medicines like Asava and Aristas. The medicines prepared through Sandhana kriya are quick in action, long shelf life, palatability and has nutritive value.The self-generated alcohol is the key factor behind the success of Sandhana kalpana.
The document discusses Pandu Roga, a condition in Ayurveda characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin. It notes Pandu Roga encompasses various metabolic diseases originating from different causes. The document analyzes similarities between Pandu Roga and conditions like anemia, liver disease, and hypothyroidism. It explores correlations between features of Pandu Roga and these diseases. The document also examines treatment approaches in Ayurveda for Pandu Roga and their relevance to modern nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disorders.
astasthana pareeksha-
1.Nadi -The pulse
2.Mootram – The urine
3.Malam --The faeces
4.Jihwa – The tongue
5.Sabda – The voice
6.Sparsa – Examination by palpation
7.Drik -- The eyes
8.Akriti – Dimentions of the body
The document discusses different methods of medicinal intake in Ayurveda. It provides context on the importance of the four factors (physician, medicine, assistant, patient) for successful treatment. It then describes various typologies or methods of medicinal intake discussed in Ayurvedic texts, including:
1) Six types described by Charaka based on time of intake like day/night, patient strength, relation to food, etc.
2) Medicines can be taken before, during or after meals based on which dosha is aggravated.
3) Other authors like Sushruta and Vagbhata describe 5-10 additional types of intake based on preparation, procedure and application method
Vipaka comes under the five concepts under the study of a dravya (Rasapanchakas). In Ayurveda the digestion & metabolism of any substance is explained in two stages:
Avasthapaka
Nishtapaka
Avasthapaka is the first phase considered as digestion.
In charaka the word “prapaka” is used as the synonym for avasthapaka.
Nishtapka or Vipaka is the second phase and considered as metabolism.
This document discusses anupana, which are substances taken along with medicines or foods to aid digestion and absorption. It defines anupana and lists various synonyms. It describes the appropriate timing of anupana during consumption of medicines. It provides guidelines on selecting anupana based on dosha predominance in the individual and the disease being treated. It lists foods and liquids recommended as anupana for specific purposes or medical conditions. The document also discusses anupana for various preparations like Narayana churna, Ritu Hareetaki rasayana, and Vatagajankusha rasa.
The document discusses the different times (kala) for administering medicines according to Ayurveda. It describes 11 different times including administering medicines on an empty stomach, before meals, after meals, between meals, with each morsel of food, etc. The appropriate time depends on factors like the dosha involved, the disease location, the digestive fire strength, and the intended action of the medicine. Administering medicines at the proper time maximizes the therapeutic benefits and outcomes for patients.
The document discusses obesity (Sthoulya) and leanness (Karshya) according to Ayurveda. It defines Sthoulya as excessive increase in fat and muscle tissue in certain body regions. Causes of Sthoulya include over-nourishment, lack of exercise, and genetic factors. Agni and vata play a role in the pathogenesis by quickly digesting food and making one voracious. Symptoms of Sthoulya include reduced lifespan and sexual activity. Karshya is defined as an excessively lean body with dried skin and bones. Causes include dry diets, fasting, grief and genetic factors. Symptoms of Karshya include intolerance to exercise,
1) Ayurveda believes in thoroughly examining the root cause of ailments in patients, including examining agni, the digestive fire.
2) Agni is responsible for digestion and metabolism, and impaired agni can lead to ama, undigested toxins that can vitiate doshas and disturb health.
3) There are different types of agni in the body including jatharagni, the main digestive fire, bhutagni which digest specific food qualities, and dhatvagni in the tissues. Assessing an individual's agni is important before treatment.
This document provides an overview of the Ayurvedic concept of doshas, with a focus on vata and pitta dosha. It defines doshas as the biological elements that form the structural and functional units of the body. The three doshas - vata, pitta, and kapha - originate from combinations of the five great elements. Vata is related to movement and nervous functions, pitta to metabolism and digestion, and kapha to structure. The document describes the characteristics, subtypes, physiological roles and imbalances of vata and pitta doshas.
Ayurvedic Concept of Srotas
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 1st , 2nd , 3rd ,4th BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- Ayurvedic Concept of Srotas ,Causes for the Pathology of Srotas ,Clinical Features of Pathological Srotas ,Treatment for Pathology in Srotas
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
The document provides information on Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana, the five basic forms of water-based pharmaceutical preparations in Ayurveda. It describes the five types - Swarasa (expressed juice), Kalka (paste), Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoction), and Sheeta/Hima (cold infusion). For each type, it details the method of preparation, examples of common medicines, dosage, and importance. It explains that these five were selected because they could be prepared easily with limited resources and had a shelf life of 24 hours, allowing preparation as needed in the past.
The document discusses the Ayurvedic concept of Tridosha (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and its role in diagnosis. It describes how the three doshas originate from the five elements and govern different physiological functions. An imbalance or vitiation of the doshas can lead to disease. Ayurvedic diagnosis involves examining the patient's dosha constitution, signs and symptoms, etiology, and conducting tests to determine the imbalanced dosha and appropriate treatment. Laboratory investigations also provide supportive diagnostic information for each dosha.
Tridosha Siddantha of Ayruveda is a VEDIC concept. Though difficult to understand, after sixteen years of Ayurveda practice I tried my best to make the concept simple and easy to understand.
It seems that the original literatures used to develop Tridosha concept is not available today. Charaka who is well known for the general medicine and clear treatment principles is the one who clearly explained the Tridosha siddantha with respect to body and Universe. Charaka and Susrutha samhithas are the available most ancient literatures of Ayurveda. One can think of Tridosha concept from different angle, hence any explanation to the concept of Tridosha Concept many times become controversial.
We were taught Vata as air, Pitta as Bile or fire, and Kapha as Phlegm in our colleges which really are just literary meanings and at some point one can compare the functions of these with air, fire or bile and phlegm. Other than that there is no direct relation between the literary meanings and the concept. Here this is my effort to explore the concept of Tridosha from one angle which I consider as most scientific.
Concept of tridosha, dhatu,upadhatu,agni,panchamahabhuta in relation toDr.Shruthi Arun
This document discusses various topics related to female reproductive physiology in Ayurveda, including:
1. The menstruation cycle (rtuchakra) and factors essential for conception.
2. The development of the embryo, including the role of the five elements (panchamahabhutas) and tissues (dhatus).
3. Fetal development over successive months, formation of organs and tissues, and the development of consciousness.
4. The sources of nourishment and growth of the fetus from maternal tissues like rasa (fluid).
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian healing system based on balancing the three doshas or biological energies (kapha, pitta, vata) in the body using herbs, massage, yoga and diet. The document discusses how to determine one's dosha type and dietary and lifestyle recommendations for balancing each dosha to support health and wellness.
Ayurveda has a very unique and scientific concept of Dosas.
Dosas are the physiological entities which performs the normal activities of body.
But if they are disturbed they are responsible for diseases.
watch this presentation and know the Dosas...
The document provides an overview of Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine and lifestyle practices. It discusses key Ayurvedic concepts like the doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), dhatus (bodily tissues), malas (waste products), and therapies including herbal medicine, massage, aromatherapy, color therapy and more. Ayurveda views health as a balanced state and sees illness as an imbalance that can be corrected through natural means without side effects.
The theory of tridosha
Vayu (vata),Pitta and Kapha(sleshma) are individually called DOSHAS and are grouped together as TRIDOSHAS in ayurveda
When these three humhours are well harmonised and function in a balanced manner,
it is results in good nourishment and a feeling of well-being in the individual.
But when there is imbalance or disharmony within or between them, it will lead to various kinds of ailments. Ayurvedic concept of physical health revolves around these TRREE DOSHAS
Vayu is responsible for all movements and sensations, including motor actions in side the body
Pitta is responsible for all physio chemical activitis of the body in the form of metabolism, production of heat and energy
Kapha is the substance which maintains compactness in the body by providing the fluid matrix to it.
Acetylcholine liberated by cerebral cortex and peripheral and parasympathetic nerve endings
Introduction to Ayurveda : The Ancient ScienceJack Louic
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that aims to help people live long, healthy lives. It originated in India over thousands of years, with its foundations coming from sacred texts written between 1500 BC and 400 AD. The goal of Ayurveda is to maintain health and cure illness. It views health as a balance of three doshas or biological energies (vata, pitta, kapha) which are made up of the five basic elements (space, air, fire, water, earth). Treatment involves lifestyle and dietary changes, herbal remedies, purification techniques and therapies to rebalance the doshas.
Current health problem & its solution by ayurveda. dr khalid.b.mDr KHALID B.M
This document provides biographical information about Dr. KHALID.B.M, an Ayurvedic physician in India. It discusses key concepts in Ayurveda such as ayu (life), veda (knowledge), and the goal of achieving total health. The document outlines causes for the decline of Ayurveda like foreign invasions and lack of continuity. It describes Ayurvedic doctrines including the panchamahabhutas and tridoshas. Several health conditions are defined like vatavyadhi, amavata, and their symptoms, causes and management according to Ayurvedic principles. Emergency management and criteria for selecting herbal medicines are also mentioned. The document
The document discusses the concept of Vata as presented by Dr. Jaya.G, a scholar of Ayurveda. It defines Vata as the principle of movement in the body. It notes that Vata is present in the five elements, and has three gunas or qualities - rajas, tamas, and sattva. The document then describes the importance and location of Vata in the body, causes of imbalance (dushti), symptoms of imbalance, and treatment principles for balanced and imbalanced Vata.
Wanderlust Snowmass/Aspen, The Vata LifestylePamela Quinn
This document discusses the Vata lifestyle according to Ayurveda. It describes Vata as being creative, intuitive, and unpredictable. It provides information on the characteristics and qualities associated with Vata dosha, including sleeping patterns, dreams, speech, shopping preferences, and more. The document also discusses signs of Vata imbalance, dietary and lifestyle recommendations to balance Vata dosha, and yoga practices suitable for those with a Vata constitution.
Chandana, or sandalwood, is an aromatic substance used externally in Ayurvedic medicine. It is considered varnya (beautifying) and ayushya (life-promoting). Chandana is effective for removing foul odors, burning sensations, and is the best for pitta disorders. It exists in different colors and varieties mentioned in various Ayurvedic texts. Chandana has many therapeutic uses including treating inflammation, burning sensations, beautifying the skin, promoting intellect, and balancing pitta dosha.
This document discusses yoga therapy and its concepts of the body and stress. It presents the yogic view of the body as having five koshas or sheaths (physical, energetic, mental, intellectual, blissful). It explains how stress arises from imbalances at the mental and energetic levels and lists yoga techniques like pranayama, asanas, and meditation to reduce stress by bringing balance to the different koshas. These techniques include breathing practices, relaxation, and focusing the mind to alleviate stress and its physical and psychological symptoms from the yogic perspective.
The International Association of Yoga Therapists (IAYT) supports research and education in yoga and serves as a professional organization for yoga teachers and therapists worldwide. IAYT publishes The International Journal of Yoga Therapy and Yoga Therapy in Practice, and presents the annual Symposium on Yoga Therapy and Research (SYTAR). The IJYT is the only journal dedicated to yoga as a healing practice, while YTIP is a triannual publication for yoga professionals. IAYT also manages an online library through its website and hosts the annual SYTAR conference dedicated to yoga therapy education, research, practice, and policy issues.
This document discusses an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral combination for treating psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders. It contains purified mercury, sulfur, musk stone, and datura seeds along with brahmi juice and vacha decoction as processing agents. Given in a 1 masha dose with ghee, it aims to stabilize the mind and intellect, improve memory and concentration by removing dullness through its hot, penetrating qualities. The formula provides mental and physical well-being in small doses by elevating mood, clarifying intellect and enhancing senses, activities and appetite.
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that focuses on balance. It views the body as composed of three doshas - vata, pitta, and kapha - which are combinations of the five elements. Massage is an important Ayurvedic treatment that aims to balance the doshas. The benefits of Ayurvedic massage include relaxation, stress relief, and promoting longevity. Therapists must create a peaceful environment and use specific massage techniques and oils tailored to the individual's dosha constitution.
Dravyaguna Vignyan Syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Manas the ayurvedic and modern concept of human mindJAYAKRISHNAN K
The document discusses the mind (manas) according to Ayurveda. It describes the mind as originating in the third month of intrauterine life and being the entity that makes a person knowledgeable. It notes the mind is considered the 11th indriya (sense organ) as it is a tool for both sense organs and organs of function. Several areas of the brain are discussed in relation to the mind's functions like intelligence, memory, imagination, and emotions. Marmas (vital points) located in the head region like Matrika, Sringaataka, Seemanta, and Adhipati are described along with their anatomical structures and impacts of injury. The significance of mind in Ayurveda and
Learn about energy meridians and techniques to open up sen lines, or what are the invisible energy channels, that flow through the body. It is a holistic journey that undeniably leads to greater wellness and longevity. There’s a path to increased health and wellbeing.
www.discovertheotheryou.com
Sthaulya chikitsa other than oral administrationRaghu Ramudu
This document discusses non-oral management options for obesity according to Ayurveda. It describes treatments like enemas using herbs that are hot, unctuous and sharp to reduce fat. Other options mentioned include oil massages with medicated oils, intake of herbs like guduchi and haritaki, and administration of herbal formulations like Takrarista. Specific procedures discussed in more detail include ruksha udvartana or dry massage, lekhana basti or reducing enema, and nasya or nasal administration of oils. The document also briefly references bloodletting as another potential treatment for obesity.
The document summarizes a seminar on Jyotishmati Taila (Celastrus oil). It discusses the historical references and uses of Jyotishmati from Vedic times through classical Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. The properties, preparation methods, and standardization of Jyotishmati Taila are described. Its pharmacological actions include stimulating intellect, removing toxins from the head, and treating skin diseases. Research shows the oil has sedative and anticonvulsant effects in rats. The conclusion states Jyotishmati Taila is a premier brain-stimulating oil that can provide new treatment approaches when
The document discusses the Ayurvedic treatment of Pakshaghata (stroke) with a focus on Virechana (therapeutic purgation). It defines Pakshaghata as a Vata disorder involving paralysis of one side of the body. Virechana is recommended in Ayurvedic texts as a key treatment for Pakshaghata due to its ability to pacify vitiated Vata dosha. Modern research also suggests Virechana may improve brain function in stroke by cleansing the GI tract and reducing intra-cellular fluid build up in brain cells. The author conducted a study showing Virechana provided fast improvement in speech, sensation and muscle strength in stroke patients, with slower gains in
1) Ayurveda is defined as the science of life that provides knowledge about healthy and elongated life. It is based on the union of the body, senses, mind, and soul.
2) The key principles of Ayurveda are established through extensive observation and study of nature. They include the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), seven dhatus, balance of the three gunas, and treatment based on the six rasas and properties of herbs and foods.
3) Ayurveda views health as essential for achieving life's goals, and disease as an obstacle to that. Its goal is to understand the causes of imbalance and help restore equilibrium in the body
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that focuses on prevention, longevity, and balancing the mind, body, and spirit. It recognizes three universal energies (tridoshas) that regulate all processes in the body and cosmos. The goal of Ayurveda is to maintain equilibrium of these energies and treat disease or illness. It takes a holistic approach, recognizing individual constitutional differences and recommending personalized regimens. Ayurveda seeks to heal fragmentation and restore wholeness through balancing the elements in the body and senses with treatments like massage, herbs, exercise and meditation to balance the mind.
Padartha Vijnana means the science which deals with the substances in the universe, its relationship with the living being in terms of their properties, functions; methods of understanding them etc.
Generally the subject Padartha Vigyan is considered as tough in the field of Ayurveda. But, it is the most useful subject than any other in Ayurveda.
The topics dealt in it are the fundamental concepts of Ayurveda on which entire chikitsa stands.
Understanding the elements in the universe is mandatory before studying the body. In this book, the subject matter is discussed with the help of different darśana and other shastras which are correlated with Ayurveda System.
Hence this will be a good guide for the BAMS students; as it includes all the subject matters in according to the revised syllabus prescribed by NCISM, 2021.
FOR MORE CONTACT THROUGH TELEGRAM CHANNEL @ayurvedonline " https://t.me/ayurvedonline ", Dr Saskhi Bhardwaj,BAMS,NDDY,MD(AYU.SAMHITA AND MAULIK SIDDHANTA,NIA,JAIPUR)
This document provides an overview of the concept of kriyakala in Ayurveda. It discusses the stages of disease progression according to kriyakala, including:
1. Sanchaya (accumulation of doshas), Prakopa (aggravation of doshas), and Prasara (spread of doshas to other parts of the body).
2. It also discusses the importance of rutu kriyakala and following rutucharya (seasonal routines) to prevent dosha aggravation and disease.
3. For each stage of kriyakala, it provides examples of how the doshas may manifest and the types of treatment recommended,
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine. It discusses Ayurveda's view of the universal elements (panchamahabhutas) and how they relate to the three doshas or biological humors (vata, pitta, kapha) that control bodily functions. It also examines the seven tissues (sapta dhatus) that make up the physical body according to Ayurveda. The origins and historical development of Ayurveda from the Vedic texts are summarized, along with the different branches of Ayurvedic medicine that developed over time.
The document summarizes the Sankhya philosophy's view on the evolution of the universe according to Samkhya Darshana. It discusses that Samkhya Darshana believes the universe evolved from primordial nature (Prakriti) through a series of transformations. It describes the stages of evolution starting from Prakriti to Mahat (intellect) to ego (Ahankara) to the five elements to the sixteen elements to Purusha (consciousness). It also discusses the three gunas (qualities) of Prakriti, the 25 tatwas (elements/principles), the means of understanding them through three pramanas (proofs), and the two philosophical theories of
Srotas.pptx Everything about srotas in short.Pakhi Sharma
Detailed description on srotas definition, classification, Paryaya, atructure, pramukhyata, sroto dushti, sroto dushti prakara, viddha lakshana. Short and appropriate jest of some examination-related important topics in Roga Nidana. Important for quick revision for 1st year (Kriya and Rachana sharira)and also 2nd year (Roga nidana) professional B.A.M.S. Undergraduate degree.
The ppt involves brief srotas description along with flow charts and important shlokas.
This document presents a study protocol to compare the effects of cow's milk (goksheera) and buffalo milk (mahishaksheera) on sleep quality in healthy volunteers. The study will involve a literature review on the properties of the two types of milk and their effects on sleep based on Ayurvedic texts. Healthy volunteers will be selected and their sleep quality assessed before and after consuming the milks. Appropriate statistical tests will be used to analyze the results. The study aims to determine if one milk is more effective at improving sleep quality based on modern and Ayurvedic knowledge of milk and sleep.
The document discusses Ayurveda, the ancient Indian medical system. It provides details on:
1) The origin and branches of Ayurveda, tracing its origins back to Lord Brahma and discussing its eight main branches.
2) Key Ayurvedic concepts like the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), their qualities and spread in the body.
3) Digestion and digestive traits like the four types of digestive fires and three types of digestive tracts.
4) Body types (Prakriti) and their qualities.
This document provides an agenda for a seminar presentation on understanding the concepts of Suchikataha Nyaya and Chattrinogacchanti Nyaya with reference to Ayurveda Samhitas. The seminar will be presented by a 2nd year MD student under the guidance of two professors. The contents section outlines the topics to be covered, including introduction to nyayas, definitions, applications of Suchikataha Nyaya and Chattrinogacchanti Nyaya with examples from Samhitas, and a conclusion with references. Materials and methods lists reference texts that will be used. The introduction provides background on methods of gaining knowledge in Ayurveda and how commentators have used nyayas
Ayurveda and yoga have common origins in ancient Vedic knowledge and share philosophical foundations. Both aim to achieve health and longevity to enable spiritual realization and liberation from cycles of rebirth. They view the body and mind as composed of the same fundamental elements and qualities. Ayurveda focuses on balancing the doshas for health while yoga uses techniques like asana, pranayama and meditation to purify the mind and transcend identification with the body to realize the eternal self. Their individualized approaches can be integrated to treat each kosha or sheath of the person.
The document summarizes key features of Charaka Samhita, an ancient Indian medical text. It discusses:
1. Charaka Samhita is one of the three classic texts of Ayurveda known as the Brihatrayi. It contains 9,295 sutras across 8 sections and 120 chapters.
2. The Sutra Sthana section lays the foundation for the entire text and discusses fundamental Ayurvedic principles. It is known as the "nectar of knowledge" that provides nourishment to the rest of the Samhita.
3. The Nidana Sthana section deals with the diagnosis, etiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Understanding the causes of
Importance of Shodana in Kushta chikitsa-An ayurvedic viewDr Kavya B L
Shodhana in Kushta about Nirukti of Kushta, nidana, poorvaroopa,Bheda,
Lakshana,Samprapti,upadrava, Chikitsa of Kushta, and importance of shodhana in Kushta like Pakshat Pakshat vamana, Masat masat virechana, Shashte Shashte Raktamokshana, trirat trirat nasya according to different acharyas with indication and Shamana aushadis mentioned
The document provides information about a clinical evaluation conducted on the effect of Ayurvedic neurotherapy in treating lower back and hip pain (Kati-Prustha Shoola). It was conducted by Vd. Vivek Verma under the supervision of Vd. Manoj Sharma at the Ayurvedic Neuro Hospital and Research Centre in Kota, Rajasthan from 2020-2021. The document includes an introduction explaining Ayurvedic neurotherapy and the rationale for selecting this topic. It also provides a literature review on the anatomy of the lower back, causes and symptoms of lower back pain, and conditions that Ayurvedic neurotherapy can treat. The methodology, observations, analysis
This document discusses the concept of kriyakala (stages of disease progression) in the context of sthoulya (obesity). It describes the six stages of kriyakala as sanchaya, prakopa, prasara, sthana samshraya, vyakta, and bheda. It then applies this framework to analyze the pathogenesis and clinical stages of sthoulya, from initial dosha accumulation and aggravation to manifestation of symptoms and complications. The document emphasizes identifying the appropriate kriyakala stage for effective treatment of sthoulya and prevention of further disease.
The document provides an introduction to the concept of Moksha in Ayurveda and different philosophical schools. Some key points:
- Moksha refers to liberation or emancipation from samsara, the cycle of birth and death. It is one of the Purusharthas or ultimate aims of life according to Ayurveda.
- Different darshanas (philosophical schools) explain Moksha in different ways. Schools like Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya and Vaisheshika see it as a state of detachment from the world through knowledge. Vedanta sees it as realizing one's identity with Brahman.
- Yoga outlines various
Concept of srotas from ayurvedic perspective with special reference to neurologypharmaindexing
The document discusses concepts of srotas (channels) in Ayurveda and their relation to the nervous system from both Ayurvedic and modern perspectives. According to Ayurveda, srotas are innumerable channels that allow vayu to circulate and enable all physiological functions. Srotas have macro and micro structures and adopt the color of surrounding tissues. Modern science recognizes that the nervous system, with its neurons, pathways, and electrical signaling, functions similar to how srotas were described to control all body functions and allow the mind to travel throughout the body. Both perspectives emphasize the crucial role of channels or pathways for normal physiological and functional activities.
This document provides guidelines for conducting a clinical examination. It outlines the components of a patient's history that should be collected, including chief complaints, past medical history, social history, and system-specific histories. It then describes the physical examination, including vital signs, a general survey, and systematic examination of major body systems. The guidelines emphasize a thorough but organized approach to the history and physical exam.
In Charaka explains Dashavidha Pariksha Bhavas and
while explaining the aspect of of Desha, Desha is divided into
Bhumi and Deha Desha,Under Deha Desha, Dasha Vidha Atura Pariksha are explained,Dashavidha pariksha is one of important daignostic tool explained in Ayurveda ,in the context of दशविध परीक्षा भािा’ s.
in Ayurveda,Ashtashana pareeksha is one among the different
methods of rogi pareeksha.
• It is mentioned in yogaratnakara.
• Here the physician examines 8 specific sites of patients.
This document provides an introduction to Roganidana, the Ayurvedic science of disease diagnosis and pathogenesis. It defines Roganidana as the description of disease through its causes (nidana), premonitory signs (purvaroopa), signs and symptoms (roopa), pathogenesis (samprapthi), treatment response (upashaya), non-response (anupashaya), and curability (sadhya) or non-curability (asadhyata). The importance of understanding Roganidana is explained as it allows for accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment planning, and disease prevention. A proper knowledge of causative factors, dosha involvement, and the nature of the disease is crucial for
What is after BAMS, career opportunities after BAMS/AyurvedaDr.Sudeesh Shetty
This document provides various options and paths for career progression after completing a BAMS degree in Ayurveda. It outlines opportunities such as private practice, post-graduate studies, establishing an Ayurvedic panchakarma center, pharmacy, cultivating medicinal plants, corporate jobs, research roles, government jobs, social work, pursuing other degrees, civil service exams, politics, and entrepreneurial ventures. The document emphasizes finding work that makes one happy and being useful to society.
The document provides information about the stethoscope and sphygmomanometer. It discusses the history and development of the stethoscope from its invention in 1816 to modern acoustic and electronic models. It also describes the components and functioning of the sphygmomanometer, including different types (mercury, aneroid, digital) and techniques for measuring blood pressure such as auscultatory, oscillometric, and ultrasound methods. Specifications and prices for stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers are also mentioned.
The document provides a scheme for comprehensively taking a patient's case history and conducting a physical examination. It outlines 11 sections for the history, including chief complaints, past medical history, family history, habits, and gynecological/obstetric history. The physical exam section details a general survey, examination of the 8 systems, special examinations of the channels of circulation, and cardiovascular assessment. The summary provides the essential framework and components for obtaining a full medical history and physical from a patient.
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Encouraging trials of labor after previous C-sections (TOLAC) and fostering a multidisciplinary team approach in maternity care are crucial.
Regular training for healthcare providers and establishing supportive hospital policies further promote vaginal births.
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Introduction to Dental Implant for undergraduate studentShamsuddin Mahmud
Introduction to Dental Implant
Dr Shamsuddin Mahmud
Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics
Nortth East Medical College (Dental Unit)
Definition of Dental Implant
A prosthetic device
made of alloplastic material(s)
implanted into the oral tissues beneath the mucosal and/or periosteal layer and
on or within the bone
to provide retention and support for a fixed or removable dental prosthesis.
Classification of Dental Implant
According to placement within the tissue
Blade/Plate form implant
According to Material Used
A) METALLIC IMPLANTS
Commercially pure Titanium
Cobalt chromium molybdenum
Titanium aluminum vanadium
Stainless steel
B) NON-METALLIC IMPLANT
Zirconium
Ceramic
Carbon
According to the ability of implant to stimulate bone formation
A) Bio active
Hydroxyapatite
Tri Calcium Phosphate
B) Bio inert
Metals
Parts of Dental Implant
Implant fixture
Implant mount
Cover screw
Gingival former/healing screw/healing abutment/permucosal extension
Impression post/impression transfer abutment
Implant analogue
Abutment
Fixation screw
Implant Fixture
Implant Mount
Connected to the fixture
Function: used to carry implant from its vital to the prepared osteotomy site either by hand or with a ratchet/ handpiece adaption
Cover Screw
component that is used to cover the implant connection during the submerged healing of the implant
Function: preserves the patency of the connection by preventing any soft tissue ingrowth in the connection
Gingival former/ Healing Abutment/ Healing screw
Screw/ abutment used to create the soft tissue emergence profile around the implant.
Time of placement:
During 1st surgery – One step surgery
After Osseointegration – Two step/stage surgery
Gingival former/ Healing Abutment/ Healing screw
Placed in the site 2-3 weeks for soft tissue healing
Function:
Create gingival emergence profile
Formation of biological width
Impression post/impression transfer abutment
component that is used to trans- fer the implant Hex position and orientation from the mouth to the working cast.
Types
Closed tray
Open tray
Implant analogue/
component which has a different body but its platform and connection are exactly similar to the implant. The analogue is used to replicate the implant platform and connection in the laboratory mode.
Abutment
Abutments
Advantages of Dental Implant Retained Prosthesis
Maintain bone height and width by preventing bone resorption
Maintain facial esthetics
Improve masticatory performance
Improve stability and retention of prosthesis
More esthetics
Increase survival times of prostheses
There is no need to alter adjacent teeth
Improve psychological health
Disadvantages of Dental Implant Retained Prosthesis
Very expensive.
Cannot be used in medically compromised patients who cannot undergo surgery.
Longer duration of treatment
Requires a lot of patient co-operation because of repeated recall visits are essential
INDICATION OF DENTAL IMPLANT
Dental implants can successfully restore all
These simplified lecture slides by Dr Sidra Arshad offer a concise look at the cardiovascular effects of heart failure:
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- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Definition of mental health nursing, terminology, classification of mental disorder, ICD-10, Indian Classification, Personality development, defense mechanism, etiology of bio psychosocial factors,
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Learning objectives:
1. Summarise how an electrocardiogram is read
2. Discuss the electrocardiographic interpretation of:
3. Abnormal voltages of the QRS complex
4. Abnormal sinus rhythms
5. Heart blocks
6. Myocardial ischemia and infarction
7. Electrolytes abnormalities
8. Explain the following terms: reentry, and circus movement
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11. Describe the significance of defibrillation in emergency cardiac situations
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 12, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, https://geekymedics.com/how-to-read-an-ecg/
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The presentation delves into abnormal heart sounds, known as murmurs, categorizing them by their causes, which include valvular lesions, rheumatic fever, aging, congenital heart diseases, viral infections during pregnancy, and hereditary factors. It explores the various types of murmurs, their timing within the cardiac cycle, and their association with specific valvular heart diseases such as stenosis and regurgitation. The intricate relationship between systolic and diastolic murmurs and conditions like anemia and ventricular septal defects is also highlighted.
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This thorough exploration of heart sounds, valvular diseases, and congenital defects is designed to enhance understanding and clinical acumen, making it a valuable resource for medical students, healthcare professionals, and educators in the field of cardiology and physiology.
an huge problem we are facing about the anaemia , we slight our contribution to aware with one of its class , with detailed description. it is usefull for health , medicine , pharmacy , nursing.
A medical treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors by damaging their DNA. When the DNA is damaged, cancer cells can no longer divide and grow, and they eventually die.
Definition of Radiotherapy Treatment Planning.pptx
Tridosha
1. A CRITICAL
ANALYSIS OF
DOSHA
By,
Dr.Sudeesh Shetty,
P.G scholar,
Dept of Roganidana,
GAMC Bangalore.
Under Guidance of,
Dr.R.K Hibare,
HOD Dept of Roga Nidana,
GAMC Bengalure.
1
2. CONTENTS
►Introduction
►Definition of dosha
►Importance of pancha maha bhoota and its
relationship with tridosha
►Raktha is dhatu or dosha?
► Tridosha guna, karma, sthana, vridhi, kshaya,
&bheda.
►Dosha & its relationship with rasa,rutu,dhatu,mala,
prakriti.
►Tridosha &its treatment/upakrama.
►Conclusion &discussion.
2
3. INTRODUCTION
• Dosha implies both Sharirika and Mansika
doshas.
• Manasika doshas have their origin from
Ahankara. Where as Sharirika doshas get their
origin from Panchamahabhutas (Sankhya
philosophy).
• Visargadaana vikshepa……. – Loka purusha
saamya siddhanata of Susruta relates doshas to
universal entities.
• These doshas gain origin from different
3
avasthas of Paka.
4. Definition of dosha
• In general dosha means shareerika dosha
• But doshas are two types - shareerika & manasika
• Sahareerika doshas are 3 types - vata pitta kapha
manasika doshs are 2 types - rajas & tamas
•
a‟ means „the disturbing
factor‟, it has got definite physiological importance
in normal state
4
5. • SÕwÉrÉÇiÉÏÌiÉ SÉåwÉÈ
Which does dooshana of body
•
SÒÌ¹Ç aÉiuÉ urÉÉÍkÉÇ eÉlÉrÉÇÌiÉ CÌiÉ
SÉåwÉÉÈ
Which produces vyadhi by dooshana
• mÉëMÚüÌiÉ eÉlÉMüiuÉå xÉÉÌiÉ
xuÉÉiɦ§ÉÉrÉålÉ urÉÍkÉ Mü§ÉïiuÉÇ
SÉåwÉiuÉÇ
Which are having prakrithi sthapana
property& producing vyadhi independently.
5
6. NEED OF PHILOSOPHY &SPIRUTUALITY
• The power of science however is limited.
• As a famous scientist says “When we come to ultimate
origins, science is dumb; we are confronted with the
problems of existence&if there is any solution of that ,
it is to philosophy and spirituality we must look and
not to science”
• Mere physical perception is not at all sufficient for
elucidation of mysteries of life&it had been recognised
by Ayurveda long back.
• That‟s why charaka explained concept of philosophy
discussed side by side with problem of life /diseases of
life
6
• Life = shareera+indriya+manas/satva+atma
7. PANCHAMAHABHOOTA&TRIDOSHA
*Shareera is derived from panchamahabhoota so the
shareera is pancha bhouthika.
*Still it is said that cause of generation of body is vata
pitta kapha(su su 21)
*The question now arises if the panchabouthika theory
was sufficient to explain every thing why these three
entities been introduced in Ayurveda
7
8. *Whole world has accepted pancha mahabootha theory
including allopathic, homeopathic, unani & all
contemporary system of medicine.
*What is the utility of acknowledging/knowing these
three substance as separate entity..?
*Are they really separate i.e distinct apart from pancha
mahabhuta.
*Any disturbance in normal proportion of the pancha
mahaboota in body leads to vikara/roga
*Change in this proportion may take place in an
infinite number of ways & causes infinite variety of
diseases AmÉËUÍqÉiÉxrÉ UÉåaÉÈ
8
9. *On the other hand there are infinite variety of pancha
mahaboutika material and each differ from each
other.
*In practice it is impossible or difficult to ascertain the
change of proportion of bhoota which brought about
in body.
*Its also practically impossible to ascertain the
numberless indirect cause that produce a disease
interm of pancha maha bhoota proportion.
9
10. *e.g of hypothetical case
Raktha
Loha/Loha basma
prathvi~ 1
prathvi~ 4
ap~ 3
agni~4
vayu~1
akasha~1
ap~ 1
agni~3
vayu~1
akasha~1
*The above is quite all right so far theory is considered
*So the Ayurveda adopted simple method for
understanding panchamahabhoota by saying
“SÉåwÉ kÉiÉÑ qÉsÉ qÉÔsÉÈ ÌWû zÉUÏUqÉç”
10
11. Tridosha is a dravya
*What ever the vata pitta kapha may mean they must
be included in 6 padharta of vaisheshika darshana
otherwise whole foundation & concept of Ayurveda
will break down.
*By definition of samanya vishesha samavaya tridosha cannot fill into these three.
*Tridoshas are having some guans so itself they
cannot be guna.
*For same reason it cannot be karma.
*So tridosha can be included in dravya.
*Dravyas are 9 we can eleminate manas atma kala dik
which can not be tridosha
11
12. *So left is pancha maha bhoota and they are included
here
*xÉuÉåï SìurÉÇ mÉÇcÉpÉÉæÌiÉMüqÉçAÎxqɳÉiÉåïÈ
*mÉgcÉpÉÔiÉiqÉMåü SåWåû ½ÉWûÉUÈ
mÉgcÉpÉÉæÌiÉMüÈ –xÉÑ xÉÔ 43/526
*iÉ§É uÉÉrÉÉåUiqÉæuÉÉiqÉÉ ÌmɨÉqÉalÉårÉÇ
xsÉåzqÉÉ xÉÉæqrÉ CÌiÉ 42/5
[here atma means yoni & vata]
*uÉruÉÉMüÉzÉkÉiÉÑprÉÇ uÉrÉÑ AalÉåAÇ
ÌmɨÉqÉç AqpÉÈmÉ×ÍjÉuÉÏprÉÉqÉ –A xÉçÇ xÉÑ 20
12
13. Definition of tridosha
• Ayurveda is based on functional understanding of the
body..
• This theory forms the basis of Ayurvedic physiology,
pathology and pharmacology.
• The different entities representing „Tridosas‟ at each
level of organization can be assumed by analysing
these functions.
• Basically three Doshas (Vata Pitta and Kapha)- are
responsible for maintenance of homeostasis in the
body, and health is nothing but a state of equilibrium
of these „Tridoshas‟.
13
14. • Disease is manifested as a result of disturbance in
the state of equilibrium among these Doshas.
• The state of equilibrium among these „Doshas‟ is
responsible for maintenance of health.
• The concept of „Tridosha‟ is basically a theory and
any single substance or structure in the body can
not represent a „Dosha‟
14
15. • Terms like „Pittavarga‟ and „Kaphavarga‟ have
been used in some textbooks and such usage
indicates that these (Vata-Pitta-Kapha) were
perceived to be three groups of physiologically
similar substances.
• In generalized terms, the nervous, endocrine and
immune mechanisms can be equated to „Vāta‟,
„Pitta‟ and „Kapha‟ respectively.
• Dosha does dharana in samyavasta, dushana in
vikrita/prakupita avasta.
• Doshas are sarva shareera chara &sarva srotogata
• Main function of dosha explained acc to sthana
anusara ÷d into five types acc to karma
anusara.
15
17. TRIDOSHA ref
• Charaka has explained vata and its type in detail
• Sushruta - vata&pitta
• Vagbhata explained all tridoshas and its type in
detail
All brahtrayis explained &classified dosha interms
of karma not by name.
17
18. Similarity b/n loka &shareera
• In Susruta‟s view the life on this universe is
maintained because of three opposing factors known
as Sun, Moon and the Air. The Sun exerts a drying
effect on earth whereas the moon is coolant and
strengthening in nature Air brings about all types of
movements.
• In exactly similar manner, the body is sustained by
three opposing factors called Vata Pitta and
Kapha(Su. Su. 21/8)
18
19. Tridosha its guna, karma&sthana
*Vata is responsible for all movements and it is the
initiating and controlling factor.
*Pitta performs the activities like digestion, metabolism,
production of heat and that is why it is called „Agni‟
meaning „Fire‟
*Kapha performs the functions like
protection, strength,stability and
resistance.
19
20. Cont…
• In general vata guna is opposite to kapha
guna,kapha guna is opposite to vata but sheeta
guna present in both, in vata its lagu sheeta in
kapha guru sheeta,these gunas are due to pancha
mahabhoota composition of dosha.
• Vata is prime cause for movement of pitta
&kapha,kapha is sheeta guna yuktha, pitta is ushna
guna yuktha
20
21. Cont…
• Vata produce sheetata when gati is decreased
ushnata when gati is more.So to give gathi to
kapha and pitta vata should have both guna but
opposite guna cannot reside in one so vata is
anushnasheeta.
• In text it said vata is sheeta but practicaly its
anushnasheeta
21
22. Cont…
Gati= all type of chesta
Gandhana= utsaha
Tapa santape=pachana and tapamana
Slisha alingana=bonding&make samyukta
22
23. Cont…
•
•
•
•
Utsaha is vata‟s manasika lakshana
Prabha prasada medha are pitta‟s lakshana
Dhrati, alobha are kapha‟s lakshana
Manasika dosha raja get prabhavita by vata
&does utsaha utpatti,raja dosha get prabhavita by
pitta dosha &produce prabha medha
prasada,tamadosha get prabhavitha by kapha
produce kshama dhrati alobha utpatti.
23
24. • Vata, Pitta and Kapha in general, represent
neural, endocrine and immunemechanisms
respectively and form the basis of neuro‐ immuno‐
endocrinology
• Vata guna:
• Pitta guna:
.
Kapha guna:
24
28. PRODUCTION OF DOSHA &PRAKRITHI
Vata in katu avasta paka, pitta by amla avasta paka,
kapha by madhura avasta paka
Doshaja prakrithi&manasika prakrithi also plays
major role in normal production of dosha in body.
Doshaja/Shareerika prakrithi depend on prakrithi
of father & mother, shukra &shonita sanyoga
kala,rutu/season , daily doshik variations like vata
dominate in evening&last part of night.
Mala of rasa is kapha, mala of raktha is pitta????
So rasa vridhi kshaya guna karma are similler to
khapha&raktha to pitta.?????
28
30. Cont…
• Germ layers will be produced after shukra shonitha
samyoga these germ layers are responsible for
doshaja prakrithi nirmana
• ECTOMORPH-VATAJA PRAKRITHI
• MESOMORPH-PITTA PRAKRITHI
• ENDOMORPH-KAPHAJA PRAKRITHI
• We can see the disease related to ectodermal origin
organ/part in ectomorph i.e in vataja prakrithi
• E.g.-neurological disease are often seen in vataja
prakrithi person
30
31. RAKTHA IS DHATU NOT DOSHA
1.Sushruths has included blood in the category of
doshas but in indirect sense ,his work being mainly
one on surgery,he has to deal frequently with blood
2.Raktha has no power of deranging another
substance i.e Raktha doesn't do dooshana of other
substance as tridosha does
3.Raktha will get vitiated by tridosha
4.Raktha doesn't t do dooshana of other substance as
tridosha does
31
32. Cont…
5.Raktha doesn't have prakrithi producing
property like vataja prakrithi there is no
rakthaja prakrithi
mÉëMÚüÌiÉ eÉlÉMüiuÉå xÉÉÌiÉ
xuÉÉiɦ§ÉÉrÉålÉ urÉÍkÉ Mü§ÉïiuÉÇ
SÉåwÉiuÉÇ lÉ zÉYrÉiÉå U£üxrÉ mÉë¢ÑüÌiÉ
eÉlÉMüiuÉÉApÉÉuÉÉiÉç
32
34. Tretment for dosha vridhi&kshaya
• DOSHA VRIDHI:
. Samshodhana
• Kshapana/Samshamana
• But it should not cause dosha kshaya
• Kriya vishesha means samshodhana
samshama ahara &achara
34
35. Cont…
DOSHA KSHAYA CHIKITSA:
Svayoni vardhana pratikara done
That means samana guna bhoovishta dravya to be
given
Dosha is present all over the body but vridhi &kshaya
seen in sarva daihika or eka deshiya.
So vridhi &kshaya means dravyata gunata karmata in
sarva daihika or eka deshiya.
vridhi &kshaya occure in anu level.
In prakratha avastha yatkinchit vridhi &kshaya will
goes on,when it cross normalcy then it causes roga. 35
37. VATA
• All functions of nervous system in human body are
represented through Vata in Ayurveda.
• All movements are due to Vata and that is why it is
called the Prana of all living beings. (Ca. Su. 18/118).
• So, Pranavaha Srotas stands for the system
concerned with the activities of Vata.
• Pranavaha Srotas stands for the system that
transports a specific type of vata called Prana Vata,
this is a special Srotas meant for a special type of
Vata(Cakrapāni Ca.Vi. 5/8)
37
38. Adhisthana and types of Vata
Stana
1.Prana vata
Karma
Murdha
a)
b)
c)
d)
URAH
KANTHA
2.Udana vata
Nabhi (Naval
region)
Urah (Chest)
Gala (Throat)
Nasa (Nose)
3.Vyana vata
Entire Body
Heart
Indriya Dharana
Chitta Dharana
Buddhi Dharana
Hridaya Dharana
Spitting, Sneezing,
Swallowing, Erructations,
Respiration and Hridaya1
Dharana
VAAK PRAVRITTI
Prayathna
Pleasant desire to speak
Physical strength
Letters – Varna
Recollection
Locomotion, all voluntary and
involuntary movements in the body
Circulation
38
39. Cont…
4.Samanavata
Amashaya
Annagrahana (Receiving food into the gut).
Helping digestion (Pachana).
Pakwashaya
Swedavaha
Doshavaha
Ambuvaha
5.Apana vata
Separating sara and kitta from the digested
food, propelling sara and kitta into their
respective channels.
Sweda pravritti, separation of kitta at dhatu
level, separation of mutra from sara rasa and
carrying sara rasa from koshta to hridaya.
Pranavaha Srotus
Respiration
Intestines and
pelvic region:
a) Vrishana
b) Garbhashaya
c) Brihadantra
d) Basti
Shukranishkramana
Arthava & Garbhanishkramana
Shakrit & vata nishkramana
Mutra nishkramana
39
40. FUNCTIONS OF VATA
• In general, the functions of Vata are: Control and
coordination of different parts of the body
• Initiation of all movements
• Regulation of psychological processes
• Initiation of all activities of sense organs
• Transmission of different sensations
• Production of speech
• Secreto- motor functions in the gut
• Expulsion of wastes from the body and control of
respiration (Ca.Su.12/8)
• Term „Vega‟ stands almost equivalent to reflex.
40
41. PRANA VATA
• This is situated in head and is responsible for the
control over intellectual functions, cardiovascular
functions, sense organs, psychological activities,
respiration, and reflex activities like sneezing,
belching and deglutition (A.H.Sū. 12/5).
• Based on this subtype of „Vata‟ „Prānavaha
Srotas‟ has derived its name.
41
42. UDANA VATA
• Its active site is chest region.
• It is basically responsible for production of
speech.
• The effort and strength required for speech are
also the functions of „Udāna‟.
• It also helps in recall of vocabulary required for
well-articulated speech (A.H.Sū. 12/5)
42
43. VYANA VATA
• The active site of „Vyana Vata‟ is Heart.
• It makes the circulation of blood possible by
controlling the heart.
• Vyana makes „Rasa‟ (the intravascular fluid
including plasma and lymph) to get forcefully
ejected out of the heart and makes it circulate
throughout the body (Ca. Ci. 15/36).
• So, sympathetic and parasympathetic control of
heart is indicated by Vyana Vata.
43
44. Cont..
• Some authors have ascribed the functions of somatic
nervous system also to„Vyana Vata‟ as movements
like flexion, extension, opening and closure of
eyelids have been said to be under its control (Ca.
Ci. 28/9).
44
45. SAMANA VATA
• Active site of „Samana‟ is adjacent to gastro
intestinal tract.
• It performs the functions like reception of food, its
digestion through the activation of „Agni‟, its
division into useful and waste parts and its onward
propulsion (A.H. Sū. 12/8).
• All these functions are either those of
parasympathetic nerves supplying the gut or those
of enteric nervous system.
45
46. APANA VATA
• This is active in pelvic region. „Apāna‟ governs
physiological processes like micturition, defecation,
ejaculation, menstruation and parturition
(A.H.Sū.12/9).
• Autonomic nervous system has got a definite role in
most of these activities.
46
47. Vata=Bio energy
We can conclude vata as:
• Not nerve cell/fibre/system.
• Bio energy produced by bio entity passing
through nerve – Sukshmavata.
47
48. • „Pitta‟ includes all those factors responsible for
digestion and metabolism.
• For all practical purposes, „Agni‟ & „Pitta‟ are to be
considered as identical entities (Su. Su. 21/9, Ca.Sū.
12/11).
• Agni itself is present in the body in the form of Pitta.
• It performs the functions like maintenance of
normal digestion, normal vision, normal body
temperature, normal complexion, valor, happiness
and nutrition.
48
49. Cont..
• When it is abnormal, all these functions also will
be abnormal (Ca.Sū. 12/11). Other functions of
endocrine system are described under the
functions of „Pitta‟.
49
50. Pachaka Pitta
• „Pācaka Pitta‟ is equivalent to „Jatharāgni‟ (A.H.
Sū. 12/11).
• As its functions suggest, all enzymes responsible
for digestion along with all gastrointestinal
hormones and all local hormones of G.I.T. are to
be included in it.
50
51. Ranjaka Pitta
• It is responsible for synthesis of „Rakta‟. It is
situated in stomach(„Amāśaya‟) according to
Vāgbhata and the sites are liver and spleen
according to Suśruta.
• Gastric intrinsic factor is the best corelation to
represent Vāgbhata‟ s view, as it is required for the
absorption of Vitamin B12, which in turn is needed
for DNA synthesis of RBC precursors in bone
marrow.
51
52. Bhrajaka Pitta
• As is known, pigmentation of skin is under the
control of some hormones like ACTH & MSH from
anterior pituitary.
• Some enzymes in the skin responsible for the
metabolism of certain drugs applied topically also
can be considered under „Bhrājaka Pitta‟ along
with the hormones controlling pigmentation.
52
53. Sadhaka Pitta
• All functions ascribed to this „Pitta‟are of
cerebrum, limbic system,hypothalamus and other
CNS structures.
• For motivation and other psychosocial behaviors
Norepinephrine is a very essential
neurotransmitter in the brain.
• Incidentally, it also acts on heart as a cardiac
stimulant.
• During emergency situations it is released from
adrenal medulla and it helps for “fight or flight
phenomenon”.
53
54. Alocaka Pitta
• This is said to be responsible for normal vision.
• Photosensitive chemicals in the eye, called Photo-
pigments and the whole process involved in
photochemistry of vision is represented by „Alocaka
pitta‟.
• Also, neurotransmitters involved in the visual
pathway can be included under this.
54
55. KAPHA
• When the Ślesma (Kapha) is in normal state, it is
called „Bala‟ as well as „Ojas‟; but when it attains
an abnormal state, it is then called „Mala‟ (Waste)
and „Pāpmā‟ (Disease) (Ca.Sū. 27/117).
• From the above statement it is clear that „Bala‟,
„Ojas‟ and„Kapha‟ are identical entities, at least
when „Kapha‟ is in normal state.
• When „Kapha‟ is in its normal state, it provides
compactness, stability, virility, immunity and
resistance (Ca.Sū. 18/51).
55
56. Cont..
• Functions of immune system and all such other
protective mechanisms in the body have been
grouped under „Kapha‟ in Ayurveda.
• „Ojas‟ is also closely related with „Kapha‟.
56
57. Avalambaka Kapha
• Situated in the thorax, „Avalambaka Kapha‟
protects the „Trika‟ and other vital structures like
heart, through what is called „Ambukarma‟.
• Other anatomical sites where other types of „Kapha‟
are situated also are dependent on this (A.H. Sū.
12/15-16)„Trika‟ region indicates the meeting point
of three bones.
• As this is present in thorax, it must be indicating the
junction between the sternum and clavicles, behind
which, the thymus gland is situated.
• „Ambu‟ means liquid or water. So, „Ambukarma‟
must be referring to lymphatic drainage.
57
58. Kledaka Kapha
• This is present in stomach and it moistens the
ingested food (A.H. Sū. 12/16-17).
• Mucous secreted in stomach plays important role in
offering protection to mucous membrane of the
stomach along with providing liquid medium for
digestive process.
• Also,Gut Assosiated Lymphoid Tissue helps in
providing protection by preventing the entry of any
microbes through gut.
• HCl secreted in stomach also provides innate
immunity to some extent.
• All these mechanisms can be explained through
58
„Kledaka Kapha‟.
59. Bodhaka Kapha
• This is said to be present in oral cavity and helps in
the perception of taste.
• Salivary juice secreted in the oral cavity not only
helps in the process of taste perception but also
performs some protective functions.
• Root of the tongue is the site of„Bodhaka Kapha‟.
• Tonsils are the important lymphoid tissue-containing
structures present there.
59
60. Tarpaka Kapha
• This sub-type of „Kapha‟ is present inside the head
and is responsible for the protection and
nourishment of sense organs.
• Microglia and other similar Glial cells of brain
tissue are some of the important entities, which may
represent „Tarpaka Kapha‟.
60
61. Sleshaka Kapha
• This Kapha is present in the bony joints and is
responsible for lubrication and easy movements.
• Movements are most obvious in synovial variety of
joints and synovial fluid reduces the friction between
two articular bony surfaces.
• But „Slesaka Kapha‟ is not only synovial fluid.
• For several reasons known and unknown, these joints
are the sites of prominent inflammation in most of the
systemic autoimmune diseases like Systemic
Sclerosis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and
Rheumatoid arthritis Such involvement must
be, therefore, ascribed to the problems of „Ślesaka 61
Kapha‟.
77. CONCLUSION
• Even though gunas, sthaana ,karma &
bedha…….. of dosha‟s explained in
detail…….But the concept of „Tridosha‟ is
basically a theory and any single substance or
structure in the body can not represent a
„Dosha‟.
• Concept of brahmanda&pindandas,represents
the relation of dosha&panchamahaboota.
77
78. CONCLUSION
• Doshas are responsible for manifestation of disease.
• A detailed management of this dhooshita dosha
explained in all text to prevent diseases.
• To lead healthy life ,homeostasis of dosha is
essential.
78
79. DISCUSSION
• Vata dosha –guna –gati ???slide no
20
• Dsha utpati in paka ???
• Dosha as dhathu mala???
• Dsha prakopa-vridhi???
79
81. Ectoderm
• The "ectoderm" is one of the three primary germ cell layers in
the very early embryo. The other two layers are
the mesoderm (middle layer) andendoderm (most proximal
layer), with the ectoderm as the most exterior (or distal)
layer.[1] It emerges first and forms from the outer layer of germ
cells.
• Generally speaking, the ectoderm differentiates to form
the nervous system (spine, peripheral nerves and
brain),[2][3] tooth enamel and the epidermis(the outer part
of integument). It also forms the lining of mouth, anus, nostrils,
sweat glands, hair and nails.[3]
• In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external
ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neural crest,
and neural tube. The latter two are known as neuroectoderm 81
82. Endoderm
• Gastrointestinal tract.the entire alimentary canal except part of
the mouth, pharynx and the terminal part of the rectum (which
are lined by involutions of the ectoderm), the lining cells of all
the glands which open into the digestive tube, including those
of theliver and pancreas
• Respiratory tract the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli of the lungs
• Endocrineglands and organs the lining of the follicles of
the thyroid gland and thymus
• Auditory system the epithelium of the auditory
tube and tympanic cavity
82
• Urinary system the urinary bladder and part of the urethra
83. Mesoderm
• In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ
cell layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are
the ectoderm(outside layer) and endoderm (inside layer), with the mesoderm
as the middle layer between them.[1][2]
• The mesoderm forms mesenchyme (connective tissue), mesothelium, nonepithelial blood corpuscles and coelomocytes. Mesothelium lines coeloms;
forms the muscles, septa (cross-wise partitions) and mesenteries (lengthwise partitions); and forms part of the gonads (the rest being the gametes).[1]
• The mesoderm differentiates from the rest of the embryo
through intercellular signaling, after which the mesoderm is polarized by
an organizing center.
83